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Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


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Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions 


Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


1980 


Technicat  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


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D 
D 
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Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 

Covers  damaged/ 
Couverture  endommagee 

Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
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n 

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D 

D 
[Zl 


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obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

30X 

7 

12X 

18X 

20X 

24X 

28X 

32X 

■ 

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Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
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par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
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originaux  sont  film^s  en  commenpant  par  la 
premidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

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cas:  le  symbole  — h^  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  3tre 
filmds  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diffdrents. 
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MILITARY  OPERATIONS 


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DUEING  THE  REV0LUTI015T, 


OHIBFtY 


COMPILED  FROM  THE  JOURNALS  AND  LETTERS 
OP  COLONEL  JOHN  ALLAN, 


WITH 


NOTES  AND  A  MEMOIR  OF  COL.  JOHN  ALLAN. 


By  FREDERIC  KIDDER. 


ALBANY : 

JOEL     MUNSELL, 

1867. 


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MAP 

TO  SHOW  THE  MILITARY  OPERATIONS 

MEASTEIiNMAiNE&NEWBfNINSWCK 

Bnrin^  the  REVOLUTION 


Cimptled  by  fUEDFBlC 


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WILLIAM  H.  FLOYD'S 

COLLCCTION. 
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TO 

BENSON  J.  LOSSING,  ESQ., 

HISTORIAN 

OF  THE  nEVOLUTION  AND  OF  THE  LATE  REBELLION, 

THIS 


bolume  is  JUcbwaUb, 


BY    HIS    SINOERK    FRIEND, 


FREDERIC  KIDDER. 


PREFACE. 


The  American  revolution  in  its  causes  and  its  results 
must  ever  be  considered  the  great  event  of  the  eighteenth 
century,  and  the  details  of  its  history  increase  in  interest 
by  the  lapse  of  time,  nor  has  even  the  war  of  the  great 
rebellion  with  its  hundred  battles  lessened  its  importance. 
Although  the  history  of  the  revolution  has  engaged  the 
talents  of  our  best  writers,  still  every  year  reveals  new  facts, 
and  increases  the  liat  of  its  patriot  warriors  and  civilians, 
with  the  record  of  their  valor  and  privations,  and  they  are 
welcomed  to  their  proper  place  in  the  chronicles  of  the 
nation's  struggle  for  freedom. 

With  this  statement  the  compiler  of  this  volume  brings 
it  forward.  Though  its  contents  have  been  hitherto  over- 
looked they  are  still  a  true  record  of  campaigns  and 
battles,  and  more  than  all  of  long  years  of  toil  and  watch- 
fulness in  an  almost  unsettled  wilderness.  It  is  perhaps 
necessary  to  state  the  reasons  which  led  to  the  collecting 
and  publishing  of  this  work.  In  the  autumn  of  1852,  the 
compiler  with  a  few  friends  made  an  excursion  to  the 
Schoodic  lakes  to  enjoy  a  few  weeks  in  hunting  and  fish- 
ing  in  that  region.  Here  a  part  of  the  Passamaquoddy 
tribe  has  for  centuries  made  its  home,  and  it  was  while 
recording  by  firelight  i'l  a  tent  the  recollections  and  tra^ 
ditionary  legends  of  this  people  and  their  fathers,  that 


VI 


Preface. 


he  first  heard  of  their  services  in  the  revolution,  and  of 
the  name  and  exploits  of  John  Allan.  And  here  too  he 
saw  the  documents  which  have  been  preserved  with  great 
care  and  fidelity  by  the  tribe. 

On  looking  for  some  published  accounts  of  these  matters, 
nothing  of  consequence  could  be  found,  and  then  he  deter- 
mined to  follow  the  clew  till  some  explanation  could  detail 
what  these  traditions  had  foreshadowed.  In  the  course  of 
some  ten  years  the  journals  of  Col.  Allan  were  by  the 
courtesy  of  George  H.  Allan,  Esq.,  of  New  York,  a  great 
'  grandson  of  that  ofiicer,  placed  in  his  hands,  and  subse- 
quently many  valuable  documents  and  letters  were  loaned 
him  by  Peter  E.  Vose  and  Nelson  S.  Allan,  Esqrs.,  of  Den- 
nysville.  Me.  The  examination  of  them  indicated  that  the 
archives  of  the  state  would  contain  Allan's  ofiicial  corre- 
spondence. A  search  was  made  which  resulted  in  finding 
more  than  a  hundred  papers  by  Allan  and  others  relating 
to  his  military  transactions.  These  have  been  carefully 
examined  and  collated,  and  those  containing  information  of 
the  most  importance  have  been  copied.  A  thorough 
investigation  of  these  matters,  with  a  comparison  of  the  best 
histories  of  the  revolution,  has  resulted  in  the  conclusion 
that  they  formed  an  important  part  of  that  history  and 
that  they  ought  to  be  printed  before  the  loss  of  the  ori- 
ginals might  mako  it  impossible.  This  the  writer  has 
found  it  his  duty  and  pleasure  to  do,  making  such  additions 
and  explanations  as  the  manuscripts  of  that  period  would 
enable  him  to  give. 

He  wishes  here  to  acknowledge  the  aid  he  received 
from  George  H.  Allan,  Esq.,  in  compiling  the  memoir, 


i 


Preface. 


vu 


which  was  made  up  largely  from  materials  furnished 
by  him. 

To  printed  works  he  has  been  but  slightly  indebted,  for 
the  reason  that  he  has  found  scarcely  any  account  of  that 
part  of  the  country,  its  people,  or  of  the  events  that  have 
occurred  there.  The  only  exception  to  this  is  a  small  work 
entitled.  The  Centennial  Celebration  at  Machias  in  1863.  From 
this  has  been  copied  some  account  of  the  revolutionary 
events  which  occurred  there  in  1775.  In  selecting,  arranging 
and  editing  papers  in  their  original  condition  much  difficulty 
often  occurs,  and  persons  would  differ  much  in  their  tastes 
in  classification,  as  well  as  in  the  alteration  and  preparation 
necessary  to  fit  such  documents  often  hastily  w^ritten  for 
the  pr^.  The  writer  would  therefore  state  that  he  has 
endeavored  as  near  as  the  case  would  admit  to  arrange  them, 
chronologically,  varying  in  some  instances  so  as  to  bring 
kindred  subjects  togecher. 

It  has  been  thought  best  to  print  the  documents  and 
journals  with  the  capitals  and  orthography  unchanged,  only 
amending  the  text  so  far  as  to  correct  apparent  errors  and 
to  render  the  language  in  a  few  cases  more  explicit.  Some 
letters  and  other  papers,  which  would  not  otherwise  have 
appeared,  have  been  printed  in  order  to  fill  an  apparent 
hiatus  in  the  series.  Some  matters  also  not  coming 
under  the  general  title  of  the  work  have  been  inserted, 
because  they  contained  facts  not  to  be  found  elsewhere  and 
might  be  of  some  importance  hereafter.  It  is  possible  that 
additional  facts  may  yet  be  brought  to  light  relative  to  the 
revolution  in  that  part  of  the  country,  but  the  writer  has 
endeavored  to  preserve  here  all  which  he  thought  of  auffi- 


?^ 


Vlll 


Preface. 


cient  importance,  that  hia  long  searches  would  reach ;  and  he 
helieves  that  nearly  all  of  it  is  so  much  added  to  our  his- 
tory of  the  revolution.  The  proper  names  are  printed  ex- 
actly as  they  were  originally  written,  no  attempt  having 
heen  made  to  reduce  them  to  uniformity.  For  instance, 
Lowder  and  Lowther  appear  in  the  documents,  though 
they  are  presumed  to  he  intended  for  the  same  person ; 
and  so  with  Lemont  and  Lemmons,  as  well  as  many  others. 
The  same  plan  has  been  followed  with  the  Indian  names, 
many  of  which  were  taken  down  as  they  were  uttered  by 
the  Indians,  and,  in  many  instances,  they  had  never  before 
been  represented  by  the  letters  of  our  alphabet 

Boston,  May,  1867. 


■t 


CONTENTS. 


FA  OK. 

Account  of  Map, xi 

Memoir  of  Col.  John  Allan, 5 

Genealogy  of  the  Allan  Family, 25 

Early  history  of  the  eastern  part  of  Maine 33 

Military  operations  at  Machias  in  1775, 37 

Petition  to  the  Governor  and  Council  of  Connecticut, 41 

Petition  to  raise  a  company  at  Machias  and  fit  out  Vessels, 43-50 

Letter  to  the  Eastern  Indians  and  their  reply 61 

Petition  from  Inhabitants  of  eastern  part  of  Lincoln  county 55 

Letter  from  Micmac  Indians  declining  to  go  to  war, 57 

Gen.  Washington's  letter  to  St.  John  Indians, 50 

Letter  from  Capt.  Stephen  Smith  (Truckmaster), 60 

Notes  on  that  part  of  Nova  Scotia  nuw  New  Brunswick 61 

Action  of  the  people  on  the  St.  John  Riv»r  62 

Col.  Eddy  s  letter  to  Massachusetts  Council  (attack  on  Ft.  Cumber- 
land)   67 

Introduction  to  Allan's  journal  (description  of  Cheputnecticook  lakes),  79 

Col.  Allan's  private  journal, 85 

AUan'i  Journal, 91-163 

Allan's  first  report  to  the  Massachusetts  Council, 165 

Allan's  letter  to  the  Council  on  leaving  Boston, 166 

Allan's  report  to  the  Council  on  the  St.  John  Indians, 183 

Allan's  report  of  Operations  on  the  St.  John  River,  186 

Lt.  Col.  Campbell's  letter  on  the  St.  John  Expedition, 197 

Allan's  report  of  his  retreat  up  the  St.  John  RivCr, 199 

Account  of  the  action  at  Machias,  letters  from  Allan,  Foster,  Still- 
man  and  Smith,   202 

British  account  of  the  attack  on  Machias, 224 

Letter  from  Col.  Allan, 228 

Letter  from  the  Council  to  the  Passamaquoddy  Indians, 232 

Letter  of  Allan  about  the  Penobscot  Indians, 234 

Report  of  arrival  of  two  vessels  with  Guns,  etc.,  at  Machias, 237 

"     "        "     of  Col.  Lowther  and  Capt.  Gillman, 240 

Letters  from  Col.  Allan  at  Machias, 244-245 

1 


:    ' 


X  Contents. 

FAAI. 

Report  of  an  interview  witli  Indians  at  Passamaquoddy, 240 

Report  of  orders  given  to  tlie  Indians, 253 

Report  of  Indian  operations,  . .% 257 

Report  on  Britisli  efforts  to  control  the  Indians, 259 

Report  of  J.  Starr  (a  spy),  to  J.  Allan, 261 

Report  of  Capt.  John  Preble, 263 

Allan's  letter  on  the  condition  of  the  Eastern  department, 265 

Allan's  account  of  the  capture  of  his  dispatches  by  the  enemy, 268 

Allan's  details  of  the  difficulty  of  carrying  out  orders, 272 

Secretary  Avery's  report  to  the  Council, >. .  274 

Allan's  report  of  an  Indian  Council, 276 

Great  efforts  of  the  British  agents  to  control  the  Indians, 279-282 

Return  of  Indians  who  have  been  employed  by  the  United  States,  . .  284 

Secretary  Avery's  report,  with  a  belt  of  wampum 286 

Col.  Allan's  letter  to  the  Indian  tribes 287 

Allan's  report  of  his  Journey  to  frenchman's  bay, 288 

Allan's  letter  on  Indian  matters, 292 

Allan's  letter  about  the  Micmacs,  etc 293 

Allan's  letter  to  the  Indians, 297 

Gen.  Washington's  letter  to  the  Passamaquoddies 298 

Report,  etc.,  on  Indians  who  served  in  the  army, 300 

"Visit  of  Indians  to  Boston  and  the  Powder  mills, 301 

Various  items  from  the  Massachusetts  Council  records, 302 

Col.  Allan's  report  on  the  condition  of  Passamaquoddies  in  1793,  . . .  303 

Report  of  Col.  Allan's  property  left  in  Nova  Scotia, 316 


,r^i^^ 


THE  MAP 

Is  intended  to  show  the  countiy  between  the  Penobscot  and  St.  John 
rivers,  and,  with  the  exception  of  the  region  around  Fort  Cumberland, 
it  delineates  most  of  the  localities  referred  to  by  Col.  Allan,  and  particu- 
larly the  route  passed  over  by  him  and  his  Indian  tribe  in  the  retreat  from 
Aukpaque  to  Machias,  as  detailed  in  his  journal.  His  track  is  marked 
by  a  dotted  line,  as  «re  also  the  carrymg  places  from  the  southwest  side 
of  the  upper  Chepetnecticook  lake  to  the  Mattewamkeg.  Also,  that  from 
the  Sicladobsis  lake  to  the  Passadumkeag  river.  The  principal  route 
between  Passamaquoddy  and  Machias  was  mi  Cobscook  bay  and  some 
ponds,  nowin  thetown  of  Whiting.  The  portage  was  only  about  a  mile  to 
reach  the  Machias  waters;  it  is  still  used  by  the  Indians.  The  National 
boundary  is  partly  deUneated  by  a  chain. 


' 


^ 


ERRATA  AND  ADDENDA. 

On  page  84, 17th  line,  for  rises  read  river. 

On  page  140, 10th  line,  for  Messbross  read  Messrs.  Cross. 

On  page  265,  last  line  but  two,  for  loaded  read  landed. 

On  page  225,  The  Marines,  dc,  should  follow  the  word  Ebpe,  et  seq.  on 
page  228. 

Monsieur  Beaubair  settled  on  the  Miramichi  in  1768.    He  was  a  trader 

with  the  Indians  and  a  man  of  note  among  them,  and  was  no  doubt  the 

Mons.  Bewheban  and  Beanebeau  mentioned  on  pages  96  and  100. 


MEMOIR  OF  COL.  JOHN  ALLAN. 


To  the  American  people  the  incidents  of  the  revolutionary  war 
are  of  peculiar  and  enduring  interest.  So  much  time  having 
elapsed  since  the  termination  of  that  conflict,  we  may  well  believe 
that  most  of  the  attainable  details  of  those  eventful  times  have 
already  been  communicated  to  the  public.  Though  the  military 
operations  of  the  revolution  may  seem  comparatively  insignificant 
when  compared  with  the  gigantic  war  for  the  Union  just  past,  we 
must  remember  that  in  the  events  of  the  former  period,  were  laid 
the  foundations  of  that  mighty  republic,  whose  enduring  perpetuity 
is  now  insured  in  the  interest  of  free  institutions  and  equal  rights. 
In  the  present  sketch,  the  object  of  the  writer  is  to  present  a  few 
incidents  in  the  life  of  one  of  those  worthy  men  who,  in  "  the  times 
which  tried  men's  souls,"  stood  nobly  forward  in  the  defense  of 
liberty,  and  for  this,  sacrificed  wealth,  family  connections  and 
public  honors.  While  his  name  is  not  found  prominently  inscribed 
upon  the  roll  of  the  famous  men  of  those  times,  or  identified  with 
any  of  the  memorable  battles  of  that  period,  it  can  be  said  of  him, 
that  in  his  difficult  and  often  dangerous  position,  he  acted  well 
his  part,  and  faithfully  and  energetically  performed  his  duty. 

John  Allan  was  the  eldest  son  of  William  Allan,  one  of  the 
earliest  settlers  of  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia,  and  was  born  in  Edinburgh 
Castle,  Scotland,  Jan.  3d,  1746,  0.  S.  His  father,  William  Allan, 
born  about  the  year  1720,  was  a  Scottish  gentleman  of  means,  and 
an  officer  in  the  British  army.  Tradition  says  his  rank  was  that  of 
a  major.  But  little  is  known  of  his  early  history  except  what  is 
learned  from  a  family  record  in  his  own  handwriting,  a  copy  of 
which  is  appended.  He  married  July  9th,  1744,  Isabella  Maxwell, 
daughter  of  Sir  Eustace  Maxwell,  a  gentleman  of  Scotland,  and  at  the 


1         ! 


6 


Memoir  of  Col.  John  Allan. 


time  of  the  birth  of  his  son.  in  January,  174G,  ho  was  temporarily 
residing  in  Edinburgh  Castle,  to  which  fortress  his  family,  with 
others,  had  repaired  for  refuge  during  the  troubles  of  the  rebellion. 

Peace  with  France  being  fully  restored  by  the  treaty  of  Aix  la 
Chapelie,  in  1748,  the  Jiritish  government  began  to  devise  ways 
and  moans  of  providing  for  the  largo  number  of  soldiers  and  sailors 
discharged  from  the  service ;  and  of  all  the  plans  proposed,  none 
seemed  more  promising  than  a  systematic  colonization  of  the  pro- 
vince of  Nova  Scotia,  till  then,  though  nominally  a  British  province, 
inhabited  only  by  neutral  French  and  Indians.  The  government 
made  liberal  provision  for  all  who  would  decide  to  settle  in  the  new 
colony,  and  in  1749  under  the  inducements  thus  oflFered,  William 
Allan  with  his  wife  and  little  son  John,  then  but  four  years  of  age, 
bade  adieu  to  his  native  hind,  and  in  company  with  more  than  2,000 
other  settlers,  sailed  for  America. 

A  brief  glance  at  the  history  of  Nova  Scotia  may  be  found  inte- 
resting. Although  the  claim  of  England  to  a  large  part  of  North 
America  depends  upon  the  discovery  of  the  country,  in  1497, 
still  the  colonial  history  rests  entirely  on  the  great  charter  of 
James  the  1st,  April  10,  1606,  by  which  sundry  of  his  subjects 
were  authorized  to  establish  colonies  between  the  thirty-fourth  and 
forty-fifth  degrees  of  north  latitude.  Subsequent  grants  to  the 
companies  of  Virginia  and  New  England  extended  this  title  as  far 
north  as  the  forty-eighth  degree  of  north  latitude,  and  over  this 
broad  belt  of  fourteen  degrees  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific 
ocean. 

Under  this  grant,  colonies  had  been  established  principally  by 
Englishmen  as  far  south  as  Florida,  and  at  the  time  of  which  we 
write  (1750),  the  English  flag  waved  from  that  point,  along  the 
coast  to  Cape  Breton.  The  country  called  Nova  Scotia  was  occu- 
pied by  the  French  in  1603,  and  a  settlement  made  at  Port  Royal, 
and  subsequently  at  Mount  Desert.  In  1613,  Capt.  Argal  was 
sent  to  dislodge  them,  which  he  eflFected.  In  1621,  the  territory 
was  granted  to  Sir  Wm.  Alexander,  secretary  of  state  for  Scot- 
land, who  gave  it  its  present  name.  The  name  of  Acadie,  which 
was  given  it  by  the  French  is  the  Indian  word  for  Pollock,  a  fish 
very  abundant  on  that  coast.     During  the  next  eighty  years  this 


Memoir  of  Col.  John  Allan. 


ilong  the 
was  occu- 
t  Royal, 
rgal  was 
territory 
for  Scot- 
e,  which 
k,  a  fish 
ears  this 


country  had  boon  taken  and  retaken  alternately  by  the  English  and 
French,  but  at  the  treaty  of  Utroclit  in  1713,  it  was  coded  by  the 
French  to  Great  Urituin. 

The  accession  of  George  I  soon  followed  the  treaty  of  Utrecht, 
and  while  great  progress  had  been  made  in  all  the  other  English 
colonies  in  America,  nothing  of  any  importance  had  been  done  in 
Nova  Scotia  towards  settling  that  country. 

The  governor  resided  at  Annnpolis  Royal,  a  small  settlement 
chiefly  composed  of  neutral  French  ;  the  facility  of  communication 
with  New  England  enabling  him  to  maintain  his  position  with  a  few 
companies  of  provincial  troops  usually  supplied  by  the  old  colonies. 

The  necessity  of  a  Uritish  station  and  military  post  on  the 
Atlantic  coast  of  the  Peninsula  had  long  been  felt;  but  latterly  the 
continued  breaches  of  neutrality  on  the  part  of  the  French  popula- 
tion, together  with  tlie  loss  of  houisbourg  under  the  treaty  of  Aix 
la  Chapelle  in  October,  1748,  rendered  such  an  establishment 
indispensably  necessary  to  support  the  dominion  of  the  British 
crown  in  the  province. 

A  plan  was  accordingly  submitted  to  government  in  the  autumn 
of  1748,  and  being  warmly  supported  by  Lord  Halifax,  advertise- 
ments appeared  in  the  London  Gazette,  in  March,  1749,  under  the 
sanction  of  his  Majesty's  authority,  "  holding  out  proper  encourage- 
ment to  ofiicers  and  private  men  lately  discharged  from  the  army 
and  navy  to  settle  in  Nova  Scotia.  Among  other  inducements,  was 
the  offer  to  convey  the  settlers  to  their  destination,  maintain  them 
for  twelve  months  at  the  public  expense,  and  to  supply  them  with 
arms  and  ammunition  for  defense,  and  with  materials  and  articles 
proper  for  clearing  the  land,  erecting  dwellings  and  prosecuting 
the  fishing,  and  also  ample  grants  of  land.  The  encouragements 
appeared  so  inviting,  that  in  a  short  time  1,176  settlers  with  their 
families,  in  all  2,376  persons,  were  found  to  volunteer,  and  the  sum 
of  £40,000  being  appropriated  by  parliament  for  the  service,  the 
expedition  was  placed  under  the  command  of  Colonel,  the  Honora- 
ble Edward  Cornwallis,  M.  P.,  as  captain  general  and  governor  of 
Nova  Scotia,  and  set  sail  for  Chebucto  Bay,  the  place  of  destination 
early  in  3Iay,  1749." — Akin's  History  of  Halifax,  p.  5. 

The  fleet  consisted  of  thirt<^fiu  transports  and  a  sloop  of  war,  and 
arrived  in  safety  in  the  bay  of  Chebucto  early  in  June,  1749.     Such 


8 


Mkmoir  of  Col.  John  Allan. 


was  tlifl  cnro  taken  for  tho  comfort  of  this  large  number  of  settlera, 
that  but  one  death  occurred  on  the  paHsage. 

Du'ing  tho  winter  months  tho  people  were  kept  actively  em- 
ployed in  cutting  pioketa  for  fences,  and  wood  for  fuel,  and  in 
erecting  now  dwcllingH.  Mills  were  established,  stores  opened, 
BuppiicH  of  cattle  and  horses  obtained  from  the  Acadian  French, 
and  when  tho  .spring  opened,  grain  of  various  sorts  was  sown.  Depu- 
tations from  the  Acadian  French,  and  also  from  the  various  Indian 
tiibes  were  received.,  and  arrangements  perfected  for  the  better 
management  of  public  mutters.  About  tbis  time  a  fearful  epidemic 
visited  the  colony,  and  nearly  one  thousand  persons  fell  victims 
during  the  autumn  and  following  winter. 

In  August,  1750,  about  850  new  settlers  arrived  in  the  ship 
Aldcrney.  Most  of  these  were  sent  across  the  river  and  commenced 
the  town  of  Dartmouth.  The  next  year  the  Indians  who  in  conse- 
quence of  the  intrigues  of  French  cmis.'iaries  had  become  troublesome, 
attacked  the  little  village  at  night,  killed  and  scalped  a  number  of 
the  settlers,  among  whom  was  John  Dyke,  father  of  the  late  John 
George  Pyke,  Esq.  (who  afterwards  married  Col.  Allan's  sister 
Elizabeth).  The  night  was  calm,  and  the  cries  of  the  settlers  and 
whoops  of  the  Indians  were  distinctly  heard  at  Halifax. 

It  is  presumed  that  when  William  Allan  emigrated,  he  was  still 
an  officer  in  the  British  luniy  and  was  on  half  pay.  He  did  not 
remain  more  than  three  years  at  Halifax  ;  for  we  find  him  in  the 
latter  part  of  1752,  at  Fort  Lawrence,  on  that  narrow  neck  which 
connects  Nova  Scotia  with  that  part  of  it  now  known  as  New  Uruns- 
wick.  What  his  position  was,  cannot  now  be  inferred;  possibly  he 
may  have  been  its  commander,  but  more  probably  he  was  a  subordi- 
nate officer.  It  is  certain  he  remained  there  till  1759.  It  was 
from  near  this  place  that  the  Acadiaus  were  taken  in  1755,  by  the 
New  England  forces  under  Gen.  John  Winslow,  their  villages 
destroyed,  and  the  inhabitants  removed  and  distributed  among  the 
colonics.  Only  a  small  part  of  them  escaped  to  the  woods,  and 
these  with  those  that  managed  to  return,  are  represented  by  their 
descendants  who  retain  the  name  ol  Acadiuns,  with  the  language 
and  many  of  the  characteristics  of  their  ancestors.  The  fall  of 
Quebec,  and  consequently  the  surrender  of  all  the  French  possessions 
on  this  continent,  soon  caused  a  great  change  in  the  affairs  of  Nova 


Memoir  op  Col.  John  Allan. 


9 


Scotia.  The  UritiHh  f^iivo  liberal  grants  of  that  part  of  tho  province 
from  which  tho  AcadiuiiH  had  been  romovod,  and  tho  officers  of  the 
army  secured  a  large  share  of  that  fertile  soil.  A  county  wag 
formed  and  probably  named  ('umborland,'  Irom  the  fort  before 
mentioned.  It  may  bo  stated  that  this  was  tho  same  which  Ool. 
Eddy  attempted  to  capture  in  1770.     See  Eddy's  letter,  page  07. 

It  may  be  supposed  that  Wm.  Allan  served  as  an  officer  through 
tho  French  war  from  1754  to  1703,  and  then  receiving  a  large 
grant  of  fertile  alluvial  land,  which  the  poor  Aoadians  had  with 
much  labor  banked  in,  to  protect  it  from  any  inroads  of  the  bay, 
and  commenced  life  as  a  farmer.  In  a  few  years  he  was  known  to 
be  wealthy  and  prosperous;  his  large  farm  was  cultivated  mainly  by 
the  labor  of  the  French  Acadians,  who  became  for  a  time  survanta 
to  tho  con(juerors  of  their  own  territory.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
colonial  legislature,  and  occupied  some  other  positions  of  trust  and 
honor. 

His  children,  nine  in  number,  received  educational  advantages, 
and  eventually  became  connected  with  tho  best  families  in  the  pro- 
vince. In  religion,  he  was  probably  an  Episcopalian,  and  was 
undoubtedly  a  man  of  intelligence  and  of  energy.  His  wife  died 
in  1707;  he  married  a  second  time,  and  died  some  years  subsequent 
to  the  close  of  the  revolution. 

Of  the  boyhood  of  his  son  John,  the  subject  of  this  memoir  but 
little  can  be  gleaned,  but  we  may  suppose  he  early  displayed  indi- 
cations of  that  vigor  and  self-reliance  which  was  so  characteristic 
of  him  in  his  manhood.  It  is  certain  that  he  received  for  uiat 
period  and  locality  a  very  respectable  education,  of  which  his  long 
and  able  letters  give  us  such  proofs,  and  from  bome  of  his  papers 
we  know  he  was  well  read  in  the  books  f-jmrnon  at  that  period, 
particularly  in  English  history.     He  wa-;  acquainted  with  the  French 


1  Cumberland  county  \s  nnqnestlonably  '..ne  most  productive  part  of  Nova  Scotia,  and 
not  inferior  to  any  portion  of  Americ;,  of  tho  same  extent.  Hero  stood  the  two  rival 
forts  of  Beau  Sejour  (Fort  Cumberland)  and  Lawrence,  separated  from  each  other  by  tho 
little  stream  of  Missiguash.  From  the  bastion  of  Beau  Sejour  Fort,  there  Ik  a  splendid 
View  embracing  the  great  Tantimar  and  Missiguash  meadows,  Barons  flcids,  Westmore- 
land and  the  country  at  the  foot  of  the  Shcpody  mountains ;  vast  stacks  of  hay  cover 
these  alluvial  lands,  as  far  as  the  eye  can  reach,  and  the  substantial  farm  houses  and  nu- 
merous herds,  bespeak  the  wealth  and  iudepeudeuce  of  the  yeomanry.— JfarM/t'»  UUlcjy 
qf  Nova  ScoUa,  p.  83.    London,  1888. 


10 


Memoir  of  Col.  John  Allan. 


language,  which  he  probably  learned  to  speak  in  his  boyhood  from 
the  Acadians,  and  had  some  knowledge  of  the  Indian  dialects;  of 
one  of  these  a  brief  vocabulary  still  remains  among  his  papers. 

It  has  been  supposed  that  John  Allan,  at  some  period  of  his 
early  life,  resided  in  Massachusetts  to  obtain  his  education  :  this  is 
very  probable.  Many  distinguished  men  were  at  or  in  the  vicinity 
of  Port  Cumberland  during  the  removal  of  the  Acadians,  and  for 
several  years  afterwards  there  was  quite  a  business  between  there 
and  Boston.  It  is  very  likely  that  his  father  may  have  desired  to  send 
him  there  for  an  education ;  and  he  would  be  likely  to  place  him  under 
the  care  of  some  gentleman  whose  acquaintance  he  had  made  while 
they  were  with  Gen    Winslow's  command  at  Cumberland. 

The  following  appears  to  be  a  copy  of  a  letter  written  by  him, 
dated  Cumberland,  Sept.  21,  1767.  It  has  no  address,  but  it  seems 
he  had  just  returned  home  after  a  long  absence,  and  there  aro 
indications  in  it  which  show  that  even  then  there  was  an  estrange- 
ment on  political  matters  between  father  and  son.  How  natural 
that  an  ardent  young  man  should  have  learned  a  lesson  in  political 
rights  in  Massachusetts  at  that  period,  that  may  have  influenced 
his  future  life.  This  view  of  the  case  will  account  lor  his  devotion 
to  our  cause,  though  at  the  expense  of  almost  everything  ho  held 
dear.  It  will  be  noted  that  in  the  letter  he  speaks  of  the  death  of 
his  mother,  which  had  occurred  during  his  absence.     He  says  : 

"  No  doubt  you  have  been  informed  of  that  Fatal  Stroke  which 
happened  in  my  Fathers  Family  by  the  Loss  of  so  kind  a  Parent  as 
my  mother.  Although  it  is  the  Divine  Will  which  I  ought  to 
submit  to,  yet  it  gives  me  many  sorrowful  hours ;  but  I  have  again 
the  Satisfaction  of  meeting  my  Father.  He  is,  at  present.  Indul- 
gent, but  we  have  never  spoken  upon  ai.y  of  our  late  proceedings. 
I  am  at  present  overlooking  his  Harvest,  which  deprives  me  of 
writing  to  you  in  such  a  manner  as  I  could  wish.  My  intention  of 
what  we  have  spoken  upon  so  often  is  still  the  same,  but  I  am  pre- 
vented of  proceeding  in  it  till  things  are  more  settled." 

About  this  time  he  made  the  acquaintance  of  Mary  Patton,  whom 
he  soon  afterwards  married.  It  is  related  that,  upon  one  occasion, 
she  came  into  his  father's  store  to  make  some  trifling  purchase  with 
a  skein  of  cotton  thread  wound  loosely  about  her  neck.  He  play- 
ful' r  tried  to  take  it  off,  when  she  resisted,  and  a  merry  struggle 


Memoir  op  Col.  John  Allan. 


11 


followed.     From  this  time  they  became  intimate,  and  were  married 
Oct.  10th,  1767. 

It  is  supposed  that  after  his  marriage,  his  father  gave  him  a  part 
of  his  large  domain,  and  he  commenced  life  in  agricultural  and 
mercantile  pursuits.  His  farm  known  as  "  Inverraary,"  was  one 
of  the  best  in  the  two  counties  of  Cumberland  and  Westmoreland, 
and  included  ?48  acres  of  land.  Its  location  was  seven  miles  from 
Fort  Cumberland  on  the  road  to  Bay  ""^""tc.  Upon  it,  besides  his 
own  dwellings,  were  six  or  seven  commc  -jountry  houses  occupied 
by  French  Acadian  families  as  tenants,  two  large  barns  and  four 
smaller  ones.  Col.  Allan  also  held  several  public  positions,  among 
which  wore  the  offices  of  justice  of  the  peace,  clerk  of  the  sessions, 
clerk  of  the  supreme  court,  &o.  In  the  spring  of  1770,  he  was 
elected  a  representative  to  the  provincial  assembly,  which  position  he 
held  till  his  seat  was  declared  vacant  for  nonattendance  June  28, 1776. 

The  following  extract  from  a  letter  written  April  5th,  1775,  is 
signed  "  I.  Winslow."  It  was  no  doubt  from  Doctor  Isaac  Winslow, 
who  it  seems  had  visited  Mr.  Allan,  but  it  certainly  shows  that 
Allan  had  once  been  a  resident  in  Massachusetts,  and  they  had 
been  acquainted  there.  Doctor  Winslow  graduated  at  Harvard 
College,  in  1762,  and  settled  in  his  native  town,  Marshfield,  as  a 
physician,  he  enjoyed  a  high  reputation  in  his  profession,  particu- 
larly in  his  treatment  of  the  small-pox-  He  died  in  1819,  aged  81. 
Like  most  c.  his  family  he  was  a  loyalist,  but  resided  on  his  estate 
through  the  war  without  molestation.  The  letter  indicates  his 
attachment  to  the  royal  cause,  and  however  friendly  they  may  have 
been,  Allan  could  not  have  sympathized  with  him  in  his  political 
sentiments. 

"  You  enjoy  in  your  present  retired  situation,  many  satisfactions 
which  I  do  assure  you,  are  far  from  general  in  this  Country,  whioh 
is  now  totally  the  reverse  from  that  Pleasant  &  happy  part  of  the 
world  which  you  once  knew  it,  in  the  days  of  your  youth.  Instead 
of  which.  Discord  &  Contention  seem  to  have  joined  their  Banners 
far  &  wide,  &  I  am  at  times  ready  to  fear  that  Desolation  is  at 
their  heels,  &  just  upon  the  eve  of  taking  place  among  us.  '  Grod 
only  knows  what  events  may  befall  this  Land  within  the  Course  of 
the  ensuing  Summer,  Lut  very  great  ones  we  have  Sufficient  reason 
to  apprehend." 


12 


Memoir  of  Col.  John  Allan. 


The  accounts  of  the  military  operations  on  the  19th  of  April, 
1775,  and  of  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill,  soon  reached  Western  Nova 
Scotia,  and  Mr.  Allan  saw,  during  the  ensuing  summer,  that  a 
decision  must  be  made.  Doubtless  for  some  time  the  purpose  had 
been  forming  in  his  mind  to  join  the  western  colonies  in  their 
resistance  to  British  tyranny,  and  the  strength  of  his  convictions 
was  such,  as  to  lead  him  to  express  his  sentiments  openly  and  fear- 
lessly, regardless  of  consequences.  It  soon  became  evident  that  he 
was  not  to  be  permitted  thus  to  give  utterance  to  his  feelings  and 
opinions,  for  the  provincial  government  began  to  concert  measures 
for  his  apprehension,  on  a  charge  of  treason  to  the  king.  His  life 
being  now  in  danger,  he  resolved  to  leave  the  province  for  the 
United  States ;  but  previous  to  his  departure  he  made  several  ex- 
cursions among  the  Indians  to  the  northward,  and  by  his  influence, 
secured  for  the  revolted  colonies  the  cooperation  of  a  large  number 
of  the  Mic-Mac  tribe. 

These  Indians,  allied  to  the  French  settlers  in  religion  as  well 
as  in  arms  in  the  French  wars  of  1758-1763,  and  looking  upon 
the  English  as  intruders  in  their  country,  had  never  regarded  them 
with  much  aflfection,  and  for  this  reason  could  be  readily  induced 
to  act  against  them.  Hence  their  letters  to  congress  with  offers  of 
assistance  and  cooperation.  A  fragment  of  a  journal  of  Mr.  Allan, 
still  in  existence,  gives  an  interesting  account  of  his  flight  to  New 
England.  He  immediately  began  his  preparations  for  the  journey, 
traveling  mostly  by  night,  when  compelled  to  be  from  home.  He 
took  his  final  departure  from  Cumberland  on  the  3d  of  August, 
1776,  with  a  few  companions  in  an  open  boat,  and  after  a  stormy 
passage  along  the  bay  of  Fundy,  arrived  at  Passamaquoddy  on  the 
11th.  On  the  18th,  they  entered  Machias  bay,  where  they  saw  a 
schooner,  which  proved  to  be  from  Machias. with  Col.  Eddy  and 
twenty-eight  men  on  board,  designing  to  capture  Fort  Cumberland. 
Knowing  the  insufficiency  of  this  force  to  capture  the  fort  or  to  hold 
it  if  captured,  Mr.  Allan  endeavored  to  induce  Col.  Eddy  to  abandon 
his  rash  design,  but  without  cfi"ect.  The  schooner  went  on  its  way, 
and  Mr.  Allan  proceeded  up  the  river  to  Machias.  Here  he  conversed 
with  Col.  Shaw  and  Messrs.  Preble  and  Smith,  on  the  movements 
of  Eddy,  and  finding  the  sentiment  of  the  people  strongly  against  send- 
ing the  expedition  to   Fort  Cumberland,  he  wrote  an  earnest  letter 


Memoir  op  Col.  John  Allan. 


13 


to  Col.  Eddy,  again  urging  him  to  desist,  which  letter  he  sent  by  a 
special  messenger,  Mr.  Longfellow,  who  returned  in  two  days  saying 
Eddy  was  still  determined  to  proceed.     Mr.  Allan  spent  the  re- 
mainder of  the  month,  Oct.,  1776.  in  Machias  and  Goldsborough, 
and  then  sailing  westward,  arrived  in  Piscataqua  river  on  the  3d  of 
November.     Thence  by  stage  to  Boston,  where  he  arrived  on  the 
7th.     Here  he  saw  many  prominent  men  in  relation  to  the  business, 
including  Messrs.  Adams,  Austin  and  the  members  of  the  council, 
but  little  promise  of  aid  in  furnishing  the  Indians  with  supplies 
could  be  given,  owing  to  the  great  need  and  scarcity  at  home,  and  he 
therefore  determined  to  visit  Congress  and  lay  the  matter  before  them. 
On  the  29th  of  November,  he  started  from  Boston  on  horseback, 
for  Philadelphia,    passing   through    the   states  of  Massachusetts, 
Rhode  Island,  Connecticut,  New   York  and  Pennsylvania.     His 
journal  of  this  trip  is  very  interesting,  and  gives  many  incidents  as 
they  occurred.     At  Providence  he  called  on  Governor  Cook,  and  at 
Norwich  met  Governor  Trumbull  of  Connecticut,  who  gave  him  a 
pass  through  the  country.     He  arrived  at  Hartford,  Dec.  6th,  and 
thence  went  to  Fishkill,  where  he  crossed  the  Hudson  river,  avoiding 
New  York  City,  then  in  possession  of  the  British.     After  a  variety 
of  adventures    and   hardships,   owing  to   the   roughness   of    the 
country,  he  fell  in  with  Gen.  Gates,  whom  he  accompanied  to  the 
head-quarters  of  Gen.  Washington,  to  whom  he  was  presented  and 
with  whom  he  dined  on  Sunday,  Dec.  22d.     On  the  25th,  he  left 
for  Philadelphia,  and  the  next  day   heard   that   Washington  had 
crossed  the  Delaware  with  2,500  men.     The  weather  being  bitter 
cold,  he  had  a  diflScult  journey  to  Baltimore,  where  he  finally  arrived 
on  the  30th.     He  was  received  by  congress  on  the  4th  of  January, 
and  gave  them  a  full  statement  of  matters  in  the  provinces.     lie 
was  soon  after  appointed  Superintendent  of  the  Eastern  Indians 
avi.  Colonel  of  Infantry,  and  having  received  his  instructions  from 
lion.  John  Hancock,  he  left   Baltimore  on   the   17th,  for  Boston. 
He  arrived  at  the  latter  place  on  the  3d  of  February,  having  re- 
ceived intelligence  on  the  way,  of  Col.  Eddy's  disastrous  repulse  at 
Fort  Cumberland. 

The  attack  on  Fort  Cumberland  caused  great  excitement  in  Nova 
Scotia,  and  the  government  was  greatly  exasperated.  The  follow- 
ing is  ^ptracted  from  the  records : 


It'!, 


'  T 


14 


Memoir  of  Col.  John  Allan, 


"  At  a  Council  holden  at  Halifax,  on  the  17th  Nov.,  1776,  Pre- 
sent, the  Honorable  the  Lieut.  Governor,  the  Hon.  Charles  Morris, 
Richard  Bulkly,  Henry  Morton,  Jonathan  Binney,  Arthur  Goold, 
John  Butler. 

"  On  certain  intelligence  having  been  received,  that  Jonathan 
Eddy,  William  Howe  &  Samuel  Rogers  have  been  to  the  utmost  of 
their  power  exciting  &  stirring  up  disaffection  &  rebellion  among  the 
people  of  the  county  of  Cumberland,  &  are  actually  before  the  fort 
at  Cumberland  with  a  considerable  number  of  rebels  from  New 
England,  together  with  some  Acadians  &  Indians.  It  was  therefore 
resolved  to  offer  £200,  Reward  for  apprehending  Jonathan  Eddy  & 
£100,  for  taking  each  of  the  others,  so  that  they  be  brought  to 
justice.  Also  £100,  for  apprehending  of  John  Allan,  who  has 
been  deeply  concerned  in  exciting  the  said  rebellion." 

Beamish  Murdock,  Esq.,  the  historian  of  the  province,  in  a 
letter  to  the  compiler  says :  "  If  the  traditions  I  have  heard  about 
John  Allan  j.re  correct,  he  could  not  have  been  much  over  twenty- 
one  years  old  in  1775.  As  he  had  no  New  England  ancestors,  his 
escapade  must  be  attributed  to  ambition,  romance  or  'pure,  zeal  for 
ivhat  he  thought  was  just  and  right.  For  the  feelings  against  the 
crown  in  Nova  Scotia,  in  1775,  wefre  confined  to  the  Acadian 
French  who  resented  their  conquest,  the  Indians  who  were  attached 
to  them  by  habit  and  creed,  and  the  settlers  who  were  emigrants 
from  New  England." 

The  conduct  of  the  soldiers  at  Cumberland  after  they  had  de- 
feated Eddy  was  very  savage ;  they  burnt  many  of  the  houses  of  the 
persons  who  had  fled  to  the  States,  and  Col.  Allan's  was  one  of  the 
first  destroyed  with  nearly  all  its  contents.  His  family  fled  with- 
out other  clothing  than  they  happened  to  have  on  at  the  moment, 
and  hid  themselves  three  days  in  the  woods  almost  without  food. 
Mrs.  Allan  crawled  up  to  the  smoking  ruins  of  her  late  happy 
home,  and  found  some  potatoes  which  had  been  baked,  or  rather 
burnt  by  the  fire.  On  these,  she  and  her  five  little  ones  subsisted  till 
she  was  found  almost  in  a  starving  condition  by  her  father,  Mark 
Patton,  who  took  her  home  and  made  her  comfortable.  His  house 
was  soon  surrounded  by  British  soldiers,  who  demanded  the  imme- 
diate surrender  of  the  rebel's  wife.  Resistance  was  useless,  and 
she  was  carried  to  Halifax  a  prisoner,  though  still  very  illf'leaviug 


Memoir  of  Col.  John  Allan. 


16 


her  three  little  boys  at  their  grandfather's.  She  was  taken  before 
the  governor  who  commandeJ  her  to  tell  where  her  husband  was, 
or  be  imprisoned.  She  remained  firm,  and  gave  them  no  informa- 
tion for  some  weeks.  She  then  told  her  persecutors  that  "  her 
husband  had  escaped  to  a  free  country." 

Mrs.  Allan  remained  in  prison  at  Halifax,  six  or  eight  months, 
separated  from  husband  and  children.  She  was  small  in  stature, 
delicate  in  constitution,  and  not  well  suited  to  this  kind  of  treat- 
ment. She  wasoften  insulted,  and  suffered  much  from  the  insolence 
and  brutality  of  her  overseers.  At  the  sacking  of  her  house  many 
valuable  articles  were  burned  and  destroyed ;  others  were  carried  off 
by  the  soldiery.  Among  the  latter  were  several  silk  dresses,  which 
were  given  to  the  soldiers'  wives  who  by  wearing  them  in  her  pre- 
sence, strove  to  annoy  and  wound  her  feelings  in  every  possible  way. 

After  Col.  Allan's  return  from  his  visit  to  Congress,  and  his 
interview  with  Washington,  he  remained  in  Boston  about  three 
months,  urging  upon  the  members  of  the  council  the  necessity  of 
protection  to  the  eastern  part  of  Maine,  as  well  as  the  great  ad- 
vantage to  the  country  of  the  taking  possession  of  the  western  part 
of  Nova  Scotia,  and  advocating  the  sending  of  an  armed  force  for 
that  purpose,  which  they  consented  to  do.  But  above  all  he  rjpre- 
seuted  the  condition  of  the  Indians  there,  and  the  absolute  need  of 
conciliating  and  assisting  them  by  estiiblishing  truck-houses  to 
furnish  them  with  the  articles  they  so  much  needed. 

After  his  return  from  the  expedition  to  the  St.  Johns  of  which 
his  journal  and  letters  give  a  full  account,  he  assumed  the  duties 
of  Supei'intendent  of  the  Indian  tribes.  As  they  had  assisted  and 
shown  much  bravery  in  the  defense  of  Machias,  many  of  them 
were  enlisted  and  did  duty  as  soldiers  for  a  month  or  two,  till  the 
danger  of  another  attack  had  passed,  when  most  of  them  were  fitted 
out  with  supplies  for  a  winter  hunt  upon  the  Schoodic  lakes  and  in 
that  vicinity,  and  returned  in  the  spring  to  repay  with  their  furs 
and  skins  the  advances  made  to  them.  This  was  the  course  of 
matters  for  several  years.  Thus  keeping  them  within  his  control, 
and  where  runners  could  in  a  few  days  reach  them  should  he  want 
their  assistance  j  but  in  the  spring  and  summer  they  came  near  the 
salt  water  where  they  could  furnish  themselves  with  fish,  and  for 
the  last  two  years  of  the  war,  he  seems  to  have  kept  them  much  of 


:|:! 


'I 


16 


Memoir  op  Col.  John  Allan. 


the  time  on  Passamaquoddy  bay,  where  he  says  they  could  find 
food  more  plenty,  and  also  hold  that  place  as  our  outpost.  He  kept 
a  truck-house  or  depot  of  supplies  at  Machias,  which  he  received 
from  the  government  at  Boston,  and  the  Indians  always  expected 
to  be  furnished  at  stated  periods.  He  kept  a  regular  set  of  books, 
and  an  account  with  the  head  of  each  Indian  family.  These  are  still 
extant  in  the  archives  of  Massachusetts.  But  from  the  poverty  of 
the  country,  and  the  great  difficulty  of  bringing  goods  coastwise,  the 
supply  was  generally  scanty  and  often  times  were  very  long  delayed. 
After  the  British  captured  and  held  the  Penobscot  and  "the  country 
adjacent,  it  was  almost  impossible  to  reach  Machias  from  Massa- 
chusetts. 

This  was  the  source  of  great  anxiety  and  trouble,  for  when  there 
was  plenty,  the  Indians  were  quiet  and  easily  controlled ;  but  in 
times  of  scarcity,  were  impatient  and  often  insolent  and  threatening 
to  take  vengeance  on  whoever  came  in  their  way,  and  as  Ool.  Allan 
had  to  promise  them  that  aid  would  soon  arrive,  and  when  they 
found  it  did  not  come,  he  alone  had  to  bear  the  blame,  and  his  life 
was  often  in  danger.  Hardly  any  situation  could  be  more  un- 
pleasant than  trying  to  appease  a  set  of  half  starved  Indians  and 
keep  them  loyal  to  our  side,  while  the  British  emissaries  were 
sending  messengers,  and  oflFering  them  everything  they  wished  if 
they  would  come  to  them  and  join  their  cause.  During  this  period 
Col.  Allan  was  constantly  pleading  for  the  much  needed  supplies ; 
his  letters  to  the  government  are  very  numerous  and  earnest.  In 
the  absence  of  the  Indians  on  their  long  winter  hunts,  they 
generally  left  their  families  near  Machias,  and  they  became  hostages 
for  their  faithful  return.  In  the  fall  of  17-80,  the  British  Indian 
agent,  as  will  be  seen  in  another  part  of  this  volume,  made  unusual 
efforts  to  induce  them  to  leave  our  cause  and  join  the  enemy.  For 
a  long  period  no  supplies  had  reached  Machias  and  a  famine  almost 
prevailed.  As  a  last  resort,  Col.  Allan  announced  his  intention  of 
going  to  Boston  to  obtain  the  so  much  needed  aid,  but  the  Indians 
believed  that  he  would  never  return,  and  they  should  be  left  to 
the  tender  mercies  of  their  enemies,  demanded  some  security  for 
the  fulfillment  of  his  promises.  It  was  finally  arranged  that  he 
should  leave  his  two  oldest  sons,  William  and  Mark,  in  the  hands 
of  the  Indians  as  hostages ;  and  they  remained  with  them  one  or 


Memoir  of  Col.  John  Allan. 


17 


two  years,  living  on  fish,  parched  corn  and  seals'  meat.  William 
was  thirteen  years  old  and  Mark  eleven  at  this  time.  They  suffered 
many  hardships  and  were  in  a  wretched  condition  when  finally 
restored  to  their  home  —  ragged,  dirty  and  covered  with  vermin,— 
as  the  ludians  were  then  living  nearly  in  a  savage  state. 

It  would  be  diflScult  to  furnish  a  more  trying  case  than  this,  or  one 
that  showed  a  stronger  devotion  to  the  cause,  and  of  fidelity  to  his 
adopted  country.  The  boys  were  great  favorites  with  the  Indians; 
they  learned  their  language  and  always  had  an  attachment  to  them, 
and  in  after  life  aided  them  in  various  ways.  The  writer  has  often 
heard  the  old  Indians  speak  of  their  living  with  the  tribe,  and 
particularly  about  John,  who  always  resided  not  far  from  their 
homes. 

He  often  spoke  of  the  circumstance,  and  when  he  was  more 
than  eighty  years  old  communicated  many  facts  in  relation  to  it. 
He  died  at  Whiting,  Washington  county,  Maine,  in  1863. 
Among  the  family  papers  is  a  letter  to  the  boys  from  their  father, 
containing  kind  advice,  such  as  only  a  good  father  would  impart  to 
his  children.     The  following  is  an  extract : 

It  is  dated  Fort  Gates,  Machias,  May  21, 1782.  Col.  Allan,  after 
some  directions  about  supplies,  gives  them  some  advice  as  follows  : 

"  Be  very  kind  to  the  Indians  &  take  particular  notice  of  Nicholas, 
Francis  Joseph  and  Old  Coucouguash.  I  send  you  your  books, 
papers,  pens  &  ink,  wafers,  &  some  other  little  things ;  shall  send 
more  in  two  or  three  days.  Let  me  entreat  you  my  dear  children 
to  be  careful  of  your  company  &  manners,  be  moral,  sober  and 
discreet.  *  *  *  Duly  observe  your  Duty  to  the 
Almighty,  morning  &  night.  Mind  strictly  the  Sabbath  Day,  not  to 
have  either  work  or  play  except  necessity  compels  you.  I  pray 
God  to  bless  you  my  dear  boys." 

The  British  were  very  bitter  against  Col.  Allan,  and  for  years  a 
price  was  set  upon  his  head,  and  the  soldiers  sought  every  oppor- 
tunity to  take  him  dead  or  alive.  They  also  incited  the  Indians  to 
take  his  life  repeatedly,  and  tried  to  bribe  them  to  do  so.  An 
attack  was  made  upon  him  at  Machias,  in  a  house  now  occupied  by 
Obadiah  Hill.  Col.  Allan  was  sitting  in  a  room  with  his  sons, 
William  and  John,  when  an  Indian  came  in ;  he  did  not  say  much, 
hut  they  noticed  him  go  behind  the  door.     Being  on  intimate  terms 

3 


18 


Memoir  of  Col.  John  Allan. 


L     i 


■ll 


•with  Col.  Allan,  little  attention  was  paid  to  the  circumstance.  Soon 
a  powerful  Indian  from  the  jeastward,  towards  Halifax,  strode  into 
the  room,  and  advancing  directly  to  Col.  Allan  as  he  sat  in  his 
chair,  brandished  &  huge  knife  over  his  head,  and  glared  at  him 
with  ferocity.  Col.  Allan  kept  his  seat,  and  looked  him  steadily 
in  the  eye.  Just  as  the  savage  was  about  to  strike,  the  friendly 
Indian  sprang  from  behind  the  door,  and  felled  the  assassin  to  the 
floor  in  an  instant.  He  was  disarmed,  and  Col.  Allan  sent  him  off 
home  in  a  birch  canoe. 

He  was  once  traveling  on  skates  among  the  Schoodic  lakes  when 
he  was  set  upon  by  a  party  of  Indians  in  the  service  of  the  British, 
also  mounted  on  skates.  They  gave  chase  and  closely  pressed  him 
for  a  mile  or  two,  when  coming  to  an  open  place  or  channel  of 
water,  he  gave  a  tremendous  jump  and  landed  safely  on  the  other 
side.  The  Indians  appalled  at  his  daring  feat,  stopped  at  the  brink 
of  the  water,  and  none  of  them  daring  to  follow,  Col.  Allan  was 
soon  safe  and  entirely  beyond  their  reach. 

His  enemies  attempted  frequently  to  entrap  him.  At  one  time 
some  friendly  Indians  heard  of  a  plan  the  British  had  formed  to 
take  him  when  he  was  suffering  with  the  gout.  They  wrapped 
him  in  blankets,  carried  him  off  to  the  woods  and  thus  baffled  the 
English.  At  another  time  the>  captain  of  an  English  merchant 
vessel  sent  a  polite  note  to  Col.  Allan  inviting  him  to  dinner.  Col. 
Allan  was  pleased  with  the  courtesy,  and  was  about  to  go,  when 
Capt.  Dyer,^  who  feared  treachery,  begged  Col.  Allan  to  remain 
and  let  him  go  instead.  Col.  Allan  refused,  but  finally  yielded, 
and  the  captain  went  in  his  stead.  He  proceeded  to  the  English 
ship,  and  was  no  sooner  on  deck  than  the  perfidious  captain  cried 

•  in  exultation,  "  Now,  thank  God,  I've  got  you,  you  d d  rebel ! " 

"  No,  you  haven't  got  him,  said  the  brave  Dyer,  you've  only  got 
me."  Capt.  Dyer  was  taken  to  Halifax  where  he  died,  some  time 
afterwards  a  prisoner  of  war. 

Col.  Allan  had  a  sixteen  oar  barge,  on  which  was  mounted  a  small 
swivel  gun.  On  one  occasion  he  was  sailing  on  Passamaquoddy  bay 
with  his  sons  William,  Mark  and  John,  and  seeing  an  English  raft  of 
lumber,  bore  down  upon  it  and  fired  a  shot.     The  men  in  charge, 


1  Capt.  Allan  refers  to  this  in  one  of  his  letters  in  tliis  volume. 


Memoir  of  Col.  John  Allan. 


19 


about  twenty  in  number,  took  fright  and  fled  to  their  boats.  Col. 
Allan  broke  up  the  raft  and  set  the  fragments  adrift.  No  one 
was  with  him  except  his  three  sons.  This  was  done  almost 
under  the  guns  of  an  English  ship  of  war,  from  which  three  barges, 
well  manned,  were  immediately  sent  in  pursuit.  An  exciting 
chase  ensued.  Col.  Allan's  barge  behaved  nobly,  and  kept  well 
ahead.  Rapidly  rounding  a  point  of  land  he  drew  a  plug  from  the 
bottom  of  the  boat,  which  caused  her  to  fill  with  water  and  she 
Boon  sank.  Jumping  into  the  water.  Col.  Allan  with  his  boys 
swam  to  the  shore,  and  secreted  themselves  in  the  woods.  The 
English  boats  came  sweeping  round  the  point  confident  of  catching 
him  in  the  little  bay,  but  to  their  consternation,  nothing  could  be 
seen  of  either  'man  or  boat.  They  returned  to  their  ship  fully 
pursuaded  that  Col.  Allan  was  in  league  with  the  devil.  The  boat 
was  soon  after  raised  and  did  good  service  in  many  a  subsequent 
cruise. —  Relation  of  Mr.  John  Allan  at  the  age  of  eighty -two. 


At  the  close  of  the  war  Col.  Allan  returned  to  Boston,  and  resigned 
the  position  he  had  filled  so  long  and  with  such  fidelity,  to  the  cause 
Le  had  espoused,  and  honorably  closed  his  accounts  with  govern- 
ment as  the  following  certificate  shows  : 


Boston,  Sept.  24,  1783. 
To  the  Honorable  Senate  and  Hon.  House  of  Representatives  : 

The  Committee  appointed  by  the  Honorable  Court  by  their, 
resolve  of  3d  July,  1783,  to  settle  the  Accounta  of  Col.  John  Allan, 
Supt.  of  Indian  affairs  in  the  Eastern  Department  &  Commander  of 
the  Post  at  3Iachias,  have  attended  that  Service.  They  have  care- 
fully collected  and  examined  all  the  charges  against  him  in  Cash 
and  Supplys  received  from  the  Late  Board  of  War  &  the  Commis- 
sary General,  &  they  have  also  particularly  examined  all  his  accounta 
&  returns  for  the  expenditure  of  the  same  with  his  Vouchers  to 
support  said  Charges,  &  we  find  he  has  been  particularly  attentive 
to  the  business  committed  to  his  charge.  Very  regular  &  correct 
in  keeping  his  Books  &  Accounts,  &  after  critically  examining  the 
same  &  every  Voucher,  We  find  his  accounts  right  cast  &  well 


20 


Memoir  op  Col.  John  Allan. 


vouched,  and  that  on  a  final  settlement  which  wo  have  made  with 
him,  there  remains  a  balance  due  to  him  of  sixteen  hundred  & 
fourteen  pounds,  nineteen  shillings.  Specie,  for  which  we  have  given 
him  a  Certificate. 

All  of  which  is  submitted, 
(Signed)  Tuomas  Walley, 

£1614 : 19 : 0  Peter  Boyer, 

John  Demino, 

Committee. 


In  1784,  he  removed  to  Maine  and  the  next  year  commenced  a 
mercantile  business  on  Dudley,  afterwards  called  "'Allan's  Island," 
near  Lubec.  In  this  he  does  not  seem  to  have  been  successful, 
for  his  generosity  of  heart  was  such  that  it  prevented  him  from 
taking  proper  measures  to  collect  debts  due  him.  The  result  was, 
that  in  two  years  he  closed  up  the  business  and  retired  to  Lubec 
Mills,  at  which  place  he  resided  until  his  death.  The  island, 
however,  remained  in  possession  of  his  family  for  several  years. 

In  1792,  about  22,000  acres  of  wild  land  were  granted  to  him 
and  his  associates  by  the  government  of  Massachusetts,  now  the 
town  of  Whiting,  but  owing  to  its  location  and  the  soil  being  hard 
and  barren,  it  did  not  prove  of  much  value  to  him  or  his  family. 

In  1801,  he  made  a  representation  to  Congress  of  his  great  losses 
consequent  on  his  joining  the  American  cause.  This  amounted  to 
more  than  ten  thousand  dollars.  An  appraisement  was  made  and 
testified  to  by  most  of  the  prominent  men  in  Cumberland  county, 
many  of  whom  had  been  his  old  neighbors.  After  much  eifort,  he 
received  a  grant  of  about  two  thousand  acres  of  land  in  Ohio,  upon 
a  part  of  which  the  city  of  Columbus  now  stands.  This  locality 
was  then  apparently  more  distant  than  Oregon  is  now,  and  but  little 
could  be  realized  from  it,  and  it  proved  of  but  small  advantage  to 
him  or  his  family.  He  took  considerable  interest  in  the  incorpora- 
tion of  Eastport,  and  in  surveying  and  locating  the  settlers  on  their 
lots. 

Like  a  large  part  of  the  offi.ers  of  the  revolution,  he  felt  the 
difficulties  and  trials  incident  to  poverty.  The  country  and  people 
were  passing  through  a  state  of  depression  and  exhaustion  of  which 


Memoir  of  Col.  John  Allan. 


21 


wo  can  hardly  conceive,  and  he  never  lived  to  see  the  prosperity 
which  finally  resulted  from  the  privations  and  toils  of  the  patriots 
who  achieved  our  liberties. 

It  is  evident  from  his  letters  that  he  took  a  great  interest  in  the 
adoption  of  the  constitution,  and  the  settlement  of  our  national 
government;  he  was  also  interested  in  the  adjustment  of  our 
boundary  ns  fixed  by  the  treaty  with  England,  always  contending 
that  the  Magaguadavic  was  the  true  St.  Croix,  and  was  much  dis- 
satisfied by  the  strange  decision  of  the  commissioners  which  gave 
the  island  of  Grand  Manan  to  the  British. 

But  the  exposures  and  privations  of  Col.  Allan  seem  to  have  un- 
dermined his  constitution,  and  from  a  private  journal  which  he 
kept,  he  was  in  the  autumn  of  1804  sufiering  severely  from  asthma. 
It  is  painful  to  follow  his  entries  as  he  almost  daily  records  his 
sleepless  and  sufiering  nights,  as  well  as  the  dark  and  dreary  days  of 
winter  and  the  gloom  that  was  around  him.  The  last  entry  is 
Sunday,  Deo.  9th.  It  was  evident  he  was  fully  aware  of  his  critical 
situation,  and  that  his  end  was  near.  He  appears  to  have  borne 
his  trials  with  fortitude,  but  continued  gradually  to  decline  till  the 
evening  of  February  7th,  1805,  when  he  expired  at  the  age  of  fifty- 
nine  years. 

He  was  buried  on  the  island  where  he  had  previously  lived,  and 
which  now  bears  his  name. 

Here  in  August,  1860,  his  descendants  from  many  distant  homes 
assembled  to  dedicate  an  elegant  monument  they  had  caused  to  be 
erected  to  his  memory.  During  that  pleasant  day  the  eldest  related 
to  the  young  the  story  of  the  life,  suffierings  and  services  of  their 
ancestor,  which  can  now  never  be  forgotten.  Two  years  later  when 
the  counlry  he  had  served  so  faithfully  was  in  the  midst  of  a  terrible 
struggle  for  the  preservation  of  those  principles,  and  to  protect  the 
same  territory  he  had  so  successfully  defended  eighty  years  before, 
a  battery  was  erected  on  this  island,  and  near  his  grave.  It  was 
indeed  fitting  that  his  last  resting  place  should  be  surrounded  by 
the  emblems  of  national  defense,  and  that  the  flag  of  his  adopted 
country  should  wave  ov6r  his  tomb. 

In  considering  the  character  of  Col.  Allan,  I  do  not  intend  to 
claim  that  he  was  better  than  many  of  his  associates,  or  free  from 
imperfections,  but  to  testify  so  far  as  I  have  found  verified  by  un- 


■Il 


22 


Memoir  of  Col.  Joun  Allan. 


questioned  doontnonts,  to  his  ardent  Ioto  and  fidelity  to  the  cause 
he  adopted,  a  cause  he  could  not  have  joined  in  its  darkest  days, 
and  at  great  pecuniary  sacrifice,  from  any  other  motives  than  a 
love  of  liberty  and  the  rights  of  man. 

Of  the  value  of  his  services  and  their  results,  it  would  seem  all 
who  carefully  peruse  this  volume  must  conclude  that  they  were 
very  great.  For,  looking  at  the  condition  of  the  territory  oast  of 
the  Penobscot,  and  the  sparse  and  feeble  settlements  '  ^^  its  sea- 
board, we  can  see  that  had  the  four  tribes  of  Indians  tvhat  the 
British  government  earnestly  wished,  and  would  have  aided  thorn 
to  do,  they  could  have  united  and  destroyed,  or  driven  away  every 
inhabitant  east  of  the  Penobscot.  This  Col.  Allan  foresaw,  and  to 
prevent  it,  made  a  long  journey  to  report  these  facts  to  Congress, 
and  Gen.  Washington.  They  saw  the  danger,  and  that  Col.  Allan 
was  the  man  to  wield  the  necessary  influence  with  the  Indians,  and 
so  control  them,  as  to  make  them  our  friends,  and  often  to  aid  in 
defending  our  people.  Without  this  aid  it  is  most  likely  that 
Machias,  our  eastern  outpost,  must  have  been  abandoned. 

Had  this  place  been  given  up,  it  would  have  been  an  abandonment 
of  the  whole  territory,  and  must  have  disastrously  afi"ected  the 
settlement  of  our  eastern  boundary.  This  Col.  Allan  s  s  to  have 
anticipated,  as  his  papers  show.     It  is  now  generally  led  tha*. 

our  present  boundary  was  fixed  mainly  on  the  ground  ot  oocupation, 
and  had  we  not  been  able  to  hold  it,  we  cannot  say  what  river  in 
Maine  would  now  divide  us  from  a  British  province. 

Judge  Jones,  who  resided  a  long  period  at  Machias,  and  who  well 
knew  the  history  of  Eastern  Maine,  stated  in  1820,  "  That  it  was  an 
immense  advantage  to  the  inhabitants  eastward  of  the  Penobscot 
that  the  great  majority  of  the  Passamaquoddy  &  St.  John  Indians 
joined  with  us  instead  of  adhering  to  the  enemy,  for  had  they  been 
against  us,  and  been  set  on  by  the  British  to  plunder  our  towns  and 
settlements,  the  whole  population  must  have  been  destroyed. 
Great  credit  is  due  the  Indians  for  their  rigid  adherence  to  our 
cause,  although  at  times  the  commissary's  department  was  destitute 
of  provisions  and  clothing  for  them." —  Williamson's  History  of 
Maine. 

Is  it  then  saying  too  much  for  Col.  Allan,  to  assert  that  mainly 
to  his  efforts  was  this  result  due,  and  should  we  not  at  this  late  day 


Memoir  op  Col.  John  Allan. 


28 


render  this  long  doforrod  tribute  to  his  memory,  and  rank  him 
.  among  the  revolutionary  worthies  who  dosorvo  the  gratitude  of  our 
country  ? 

According  to  the  testimony  ol'  those  who  remember  him,  Col. 
Allan  was  a  man  who  won  the  respect  of  almost  all  about  him.  He 
was  ardent,  but  energetic ;  rigid  and  exacting  as  un  officer,  but  hu- 
mane to  all  who  had  done  wrong.  Ho  was  hospitable  and  generous, 
and  although  very  exact  in  all  business  matters,  particularly  when 
entrusted  with  the  property  of  others,  he  was  too  lenient  with  hia 
debtors  to  succeed  in  business  affairs.  Though  not  connected  or 
sympathizing  with  any  particular  church,  he  had  strong'  religious 
feeling  as  many  of  his  letters  and  other  writings  show,  and  rather 
looked  to  the  practically  carrying  out  the  principles  of  the  Sermon 
on  the  Mount,  than  tv  have  rested  his  faith  on  any  sectarian  theory. 

In  perHonal  appearance  he  was  rather  tall  and  straight,  inclining 
in  his  last  years  to  be  corpulent,  with  dark  brown  hair  and  blue 
eyes ;  in  conversation  animated  and  generally  interesting. 

In  taking  leave  of  this  subject  the  writer  would  say,  that  he  has 
been  induced  to  pay  this  poor  tribute  to  his  memory  only  from  a 
feeling  that  the  value  of  his  services  had  been  overlooked,  and  it 
was  the  duty  of  some  one  to  make  an  enduring  record  of  what  ho 
had  done  lor  posterity  The  lesson  of  his  life  has  not  been  lost 
upon  his  descendants,  «  r  thirty  of  whom  responded  to  the  call  of 
their  country  in  the  late  -  for  the  Union  ;  and  in  their  various 
positions  have  done  what  they  could  to  perpetuate  the  blessings  of 
liberty.  The  gratitude  of  a  nation  is  due,  not  only  to  those  who 
founded  it,  but  also  to  those  who  have  aided  in  its  preservation. 


GENEALOGY  OF  THE  ALLAN  FAMILY. 


COHFILBI)  BY  OEORQIE  H.   ALLAN,  OF  NBW  TOBK. 


Copy  of  an  Original  Record  of  the  Family  of  William  Allan^ 
bom  in  Scotland  about  1720,  came  tt  Halifax^  N,  S.  in  1749. 
IXed  about  1790. 

1744.  July  the  9ti',  (0.  S.)-  William  Allan  &  Isabell  Maxwell; 
married. 

1746.  Jan.  3''.  John  Allan  born  about  half  after  one  o'clock 
Friday  afternoon  in  Edinburgh  Castle  j  Baptas'd  by  Mr.  Glasgow 
the  5' I'. 

1747.  Aug«  16.  Mary  Allan  born  about  11  at  night,  Sunday,  in 
Perth  and  Died  the  22'',  Same  month. 

1750.  Dec.  25'!'.  Elizabeth  Allan  born  about  3  o'clock  in  Hali- 
fax; babtized  by  Mr.  Tully,  in  the  church  of  England  ;  Mr.  Forbes 
Baker,  Mr.  Sennacherib  Martyn  &  Mrs.  Coupland,  Godfathers  & 
Godmother.  Marry'd  Thursday,  August  27''',  1772,  to  John  George 
Pyke. 

1752.  Octob""  27.  William  Allan  Born  about  4  in  the  morning, 
at  Chignecto,  Fort  Lawrence.  Friday;  Capt.  John  Halo^,  Lieut. 
Rob'  Pateshell  &  Mrs.  Bishop,  Godfathers  &  Godmother.  Babtised 
by  Mr.  Wood. 

1754.  Sept.  30.  George  Allan  Born  about  4  o'clock  Monday 
Morning,  Chignecto,  Fort  Lawrence;  Mr.  Sennacherib  Martyn, 
Godfather,  Babtized  by  Mr.  Wood.  Dyed  the  19th  May,  1804,  a 
little  before  five  O'clock  on  Saturday  Afternoon. 

1756.  x\ug.  25«i'.  James  Allan  Born  Tuesday,  about  Fort  Cum- 
berland; Babtized  by  Mr.  W.  Wood;  Died  November  1st,  1757. 

1759.  April,  lO'i'.  Jean  Allan,  Born  Tuesday  half  after  10  at 
night.   Fort   Cumberland;  Babtized  by  the   reverd   Mr.    Thomas 


« 


26 


Genealogy  of  the  Allan  Family. 


Wilkinson.  1775.  February  7th,  Tuesday,  marry'd  to  Thomas 
Cochran  by  the  reverend  Docf  Breynton. 

1760.  Nov.  21st.  Winckworth  Allan  Born;  Cristned  by  Joshua 
TifiFs. 

1762.  July  23.  Isabella  Allan  Born. 

1767.  Isabel  Allan  (wife  of  William  Allan  Senior),  Departed 
this  life  about  the  Turn  of  the  Night  between  the  30th  &  31st  of 
August,  5  minutes  before  12  O'clock. 

Note.  It  will  be  seen  by  the  above  record,  that  seven  of  the 
nine  children  of  William  Allan,  were  born  in  America.  Two  of 
them,  Mary  and  James,  died  in  infancy,  and  as  near  as  I  can  ascer- 
tain, George  and  Winckworth  were  never  married.  The  latter 
went  to  England  and  became  a  wealthy  merchant  in  London  where 
he  died.  The  three  daughters,  Elizabeth,  Jean  and  Isabella, 
became  connected  by  marriage  with  the  Pyke,  Cochran  and  Hill 
families  of  Halifax.  Their  descendants  are  numerous,  influential 
and  wealthy.  Many  of  them  have  occupied  prominent  positions  in 
provincial  society  j  several  of  them  have  occupied  high  rank  in 
the  British  army,  and  have  been  knighted  by  the  queen  for  bravery 
in  India  and  the  Crimea.  William  Allan,  Jr.,-  removed  from  Hali- 
fax to  Fort  Cumberland,  and  in  1787,  married  Sarah  Dixson.  He 
died  Oct.  4,  1806,  leaving  a  widow  and  fouv  sons.  Of  these,  two 
are  still  living,  Thomas  Cochran  Allan,  born  1790,  cashier  of  the 
Miramichi  Bank,  still  an  active  and  energetic  business  man  at  the 
age  of  77 ;  and  his  brother,  William  Maxwell  Allan,  a  prominent 
merchant  of  Halifax.  The  latter  has  3  sons  and  2  daughters.  A 
list  of  the  descendants  of  John  Allan,  the  eldest  son,  is  appended. 
Col.  John  Allan  was  the  eldest  son  of  William  Allan,  one  of  the 
original  settlers  of  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia,  and  was  born  in  Edin- 
burgh Castle,  Scotland,  Jan.  3d,  1746,  Old  Style.  He  came  to 
Halifax,  N.  S.,  with  his  parents  in  1749,  and  Oct.  10th,  1767,  mar- 
ried Mary  Patton  b.  Feb.  3,  1746;  d.  June  8,  1819.  He  vas  a 
representative  in  the  provincial  parliament  of  Nova  Scotia  from  1770 
to  1776,  when  he  was  obliged  to  flee  for  refuge  to  the  United  States, 
his  idcaL  of  freedom  having  made  him  obnoxious  to  the  British 
government,  who  ofi'ered  rewi'rds  for  his  apprehension.  He  came  to 
the  States  in  the  autumn  of  1776.  Proceeding  to  Philadelphia,  he 
had  several  interviews  with  General  Washington  and  also  waited  upon 


Genealogy  of  the  Allan  Family. 


27 


congress.  He  was  soon  after  appointed  colonel  of  infantry  and 
Superintendent  of  Eastern  Indians,  and  was  stationed  throughout 
the  war  at  Machias,  Maine.  He  remained  at  his  post  till  1783, 
when  he  commenced  a  mercantile  business,  which  not  succeeding 
well,  he  turned  hi.s  attention  to  agriculture,  in  which  he  continued 
till  his  death,  which  occurred  Feb.  7th,  1805.  He  had  9  children 
as  follows  : 

2.  William  Allan  b.  in  Halifax,  N.  S.,  July  23,  1768;  m.  Alice 
Crane,  b.  1770 ;  died  1841.     He  died  March  6,  1814.     Had  11 

children. 

3.  Mark  Allan  b.  in  Cumberland,  N.  S.  March  81,  1770 ;  m. 
Susan  Wilder,  b.  1774;  died  1852.  He  died  Sept.  22,  1818. 
Had  13  children. 

4.  John  Allan  b.  in  Cumberland,  N.  S.  Dec.  23,  1771 ;  m.  Me- 
hitabel  Crane,  b.  1779 ;  died  1846.  He  died  Oct.  3,  1863.  Had 
13  children. 

5.  Isabel  3Iaxwell  Allan  b.  in  Cumberland,  N,  S.  Oct.  23,  1773 ; 
not  married  ;  d.  July  12,  1829. 

6.  George  Washington  Allan  b.  in  Cumberland,  N.  S.  March  13, 
1776  ;  m.  Mary  Cutts  Hart,  b.  1779  ;  died  1864.  He  was  drowned 
at  sea,  Aug.  24,  1806.     Had  3  children. 

7.  Horatio  Gates  Allan  b.  in  Machias,  Me.,  June  13,  1779 ;  m. 
Charlotte  Crane,  b.  at  West  Point,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  25,  1782;  died  Dec. 
19th,  1840.     He  was  drowned  Oct.  20,  1837.     Had  5  children. 

8.  Anna  Allan  b.  in  Machias,  Me.,  April  16,  1781 ;  d.  in  Boston, 
Aug.  21,  1783. 

9.  Elizabeth  Allan  b.  in  Machias,  Me.,  April  16,  1781 ;  d.  un- 
married, in  Whiting,  Me.,  June  22,  1863. 

10.  Winckworth  Sargent  Allan  b.  Lubcc,  Me.,  May  31,  1788; 
he  was  drowned  unmarried  Oct.  2,  1811. 

William  Allan  (2),  b.  1768;  d.  1814,  had  11  children,  viz: 

11.  Alice  Allan  (1),  b.  Apr.  8,  1790  ;  m.  Jonathan  Greaves. 
He  died.  She  is  still  living  (Feb.  67).  Had  9  children,  as 
follows:  Elizabeth,'  William,'^  Mary,''  Alice,^  John,'  George," 
(Ist  Mass.  Vols.),  Jonathan,'  Harriett,^  and  Jane."  Most  of  them 
died  young.  Elizabeth  m.  Mr.  Woodell,  had  1  child ;  George, 
m.  Edna  Campbell  and  has  1  son. 

12.  John  Allan  (2),  b.  Oct.  19,  1791 ;  d.  Oct.  26,  1793. 


28 


Genealogy  of  the  Allan  Family 


13.  Mary  Allan  (3),  b.  Feb.  14, 1794  ;  m.  Abijah  Gregory.  She 
died  Feb.  19,  1827.  Had  4  sons,  Uriah  Warren  i  b.  May  13, 
1819  ;  d.  Apr.  29,  1841.  William  Allan  2  b.  Dec.  13,  1820  ;  m. 
Alice  Crane;  George  Albert 3  b.  May  20,  1822  j  d.  Feb.  19,  1853. 
Abijah''  (m.  Anna  Fessenden)  b.  Feb.  16,  1824;  d.  Deo.  31,  1851, 
The  two  last  died  in  California. 

14.  Mehitabel  Allan  (4),  b.  June  2,  1796;  i  Rev.  George 
Brown.  Both  living.  Had  2  children,  Georgiaua  i  b.  Apr.  19, 
1832;  drowned  May,  1859.  Lucius  2  born  1835 ;  m.  Harriet  J. 
Crane.     Has  1  child. 

15.  Isabel  Maxwell  Allan  (5),  b.  Oct.  2,1797;  m.  (1)  John 
Everett  1794-1826  and  (2)  Isaac  Parrit,  1782-1842.  By  her  first 
husband  she  had  4  children.  (1)  Alice  Allan  Everett  b.  1818;  m. 
Geo.  H.  Stevens.  She  died  1852.  Had  4  children  all  living,  viz: 
Sarah,  Isabel,  Everett  and  Ella.  (2),  Charles  Henry  Everett  b. 
1821 ;  m.  Adelia  Kejchum.  Had  2  children,  Mary  b.  1848 ;  and 
John  Forrest  b.  1850.  (3),  Emeline  Everett  b.  1823 ;  m.  (1),  L. 
M.  Jordan,  and  (2),  C.  M.  Tinker.  Has  2  children,  Octavia  b. 
1849;  and  John  Henry  b.  1854.  (4),  Mary  Gregory  Everett  b. 
1827  ;  m.  JoL^  W.  Hill.  Has  3  children,  Charles,  b.  1852 ;  d.  1859, 
Georgiana  b.  1860,  and  Lewis  b.  1863. 

16.  Eliza  Ann  Allan  b.  June  14,  1799.     Resides  in  Maohias,  Me. 

17.  William  Allan  b.  March  24,  1801;  died  Dec.  26,  1824. 

18.  George  Washington  Allan  b.  Sept.  25,  1802;  m.  1831, 
Mary  Ann  Rotch  b.  1810.  Resides  in  Boston.  Had  3  children, 
George  Hayward  i  b.  June  16,  1832 ;  Frances  Maria  2  b.  Oct.  16, 
1834 ;  m.  W.  H.  Thomes  b.  May  5,  1824.  Has  1  dau.  Mary  A.  b. 
Jan.  3,  1858  ;  and  Edward  Jerome  "^  b.  Sept.  7,  1838 ;  d.  May  27, 
1853. 

19.  Charlotte  Crane  Allan  b.  June  24, 1804.  Resides  in  Machias, 
Me. 

20.  Susan  Patton  Allan  b.  Oct.  15,  1806 ;  m.  James  Crane  b. 
1807.  Had  5  children.  Jared,i  (6th  Maine  Vols.),  b.  Oct.  23, 
1836;  m.  Hannah  Longfellow.  Has  1  child  Helen  May.  Helen  2 
b.  1839 ;  d.  an  infant.  Harriet  Jacobs  •'  b.  Nov.  29, 1840 ;  m.  Lucius 
Brown.  Has  1  child.  James  Eustace,^  (6th  Maine  Vols.),  b.  Sept., 
1842;  m.  Jennie  Whelpley.  Susan  E.'"'  b.  Feb.,  1846;  m.  Frank 
H.  Beale. 


Genealogy  op  the  Allan  Family. 


29 


21.  Harriet  Cochran  Allan  b.  Dec.  29,  1809;  m.  Asa  Jacobs; 


d.  July  29,  lb40. 
Aug.,  1840. 


Had  1  son,  Wm.  Wirt  Jacobs  b.  June,  1840 ;  d. 


Mark  Allan  (3),  1770-1818,  had  13  children,  viz : 

22.  Susan  Allan  (1),  b.  Jan.  8,  1793  j  m.  Samuel  Wheeler.  She 
died  1851.  Had  5  children,  Susan,i  Samuel,^  Mark,^  Catharine,'* 
William.  5 

23.  Anna  Allan  (2),  b.  Feb.,  1794;  died  in  infancy. 

24.  Mary  Patton  Allan  (3),  b.  Apr.,  1795  ;  m.  Andrew  Sprague. 
Had  11  children,  Andrew,^  Mary  A.,-  Benjamin,'*  Susan,*  Samuel,^ 
Eliza,"  Sarah, 7  George,**  Elijah,^  Martha,io  and  Caroline, ii,  most  of 
whom  are  married  and  have  families  of  children. 

25.  Lydia  C.  Allan  (4),  b.  Aug.  9,  1797 ;  m.  True  Bradbury. 
Had  5  children  Wyer,  Samuel,  Stephen,  Sarah  and  Mary,  all  of 
whom  are  married  and  have  families.  Several  members  of  this 
family  enlisted  in  the  army  and  navy  during  the  late  war. 

26.  Elizabeth  Allan  (5),  b.  Feb.,  1799 ;  m.  Eben  Chickering. 
Had  1  son,  John  Newton  Chickering. 

27.  Jane  Cochran  Allan  (6),  b.  Dec,  1800 ;  m.  Eben  Wilder. 
Had  8  children,  Eben,i  Mariner,'^  Jane,''  Mark, '  (28th  Maine  Vols.,) 
Heman,^  Abigail,"  Harriet,''  and  William, ^  some  of  whom  married 
and  had  families  of  children. 

28.  John  Allan  (7),  b.  Sept.  3,  1802;  m.  (1),  Lydia  Kilby,  (2), 
Emma  Wiswell.  Had  2  sons,  John  i  b.  1840  ;  and  William  2  b. 
1846 ;  d.  1846. 

29.  Theophilus  W.  Allan  (8),  b.  Apr.  28,  1804;  m.  Martha  R. 
Sargent.  She  died  1865.  Had  8  children.  Nelson  S.i  b.  Feb.  22, 
1830;  m.  Abby  G.  Hobart.  Has  2  children.  Martha  Ann  2  b. 
March  27,  1832 ;  m.  A.  L.  Todd.  Has  2  children.  Theophilus  3 
b.  Nov.  21,  1834;  d.  Feb.  9,  1859.  Harriet  L.4  b.  Dec.  27,  1836; 
m.  Rev.  A.  J.  Rich.  Has  3  children.  John  Davis  ^  b.  March  11, 
1839;  m.  Margaret  Hersey.  Susanna"  b.  July  13,  1842.  Eliza- 
beth "  b.  April  10,  1845,  and  William  R.8  b.  May  24,  1847. 

30.  Sally  Allan  (9),  b.  July,  1806.     Resides  in  Dennysville,  Me. 

31.  William  Allan  (10),  b.  March  13,  1808 ;  m.  Jane  Potter  b. 
1814.  Had  3  children,  Mary  Eliza  1  b.  1842.  Susan -' b.  1848 ; 
d.  1852.     Wm.  F.3  born  1850;  d.  1854.     Resides  Dennysville,  Me. 


80 


Genealogy  of  the  Allan  Family. 


I'  '4! 


82.  Patton  Allan  (11),  b.  1810 ;  d.  1812. 

33.  Abigail  Allan  (12),  b  June  11,  1813.  Resides  in  Dennya- 
ville,  Me. 

34.  Ebenezer  W.  (13),  b.  1818  ;  d.  1825. 
John  Allan  (4),  1771-1863,  had  13  children. 

35.  Charlotte  Allan  (I),  b.  Sept.  29, 1798;  m.  James  Nutter.  She 
died  1842.  Had  16  children,  viz  :  Matthias »  b.  1817  ',  d.  1838. 
Mehitabel  2  b.  1818.  Mary  »  b.  1820.  James  ^  b.  1821 ;  d.  1841. 
Susan  s  b.  1822 ;  d.  1845.  Martha  «  b.  1825.  Jackson  7  b.  1826. 
Abijahs  b.  1827;  d.  1829.  Valeria"  b.  1829 ;  d.  1834.  Jose- 
phine '0  b.  1831.  Ellen  11  b.  1832.  Ursula  i'^  b.  1835.  George  i3 
b.  1836  ;  d.  1861.  Daniel  ^*  b.  1838.  Emma  i^  b.  1840.  Joanna  i^ 
b.  1842  ;  d.  1846.     Several  of  these  have  families. 

36.  John  Crane  Allan  (2),  b.  Jan.  31,  1800;  m.  1825  Achsah 
Sawyer.  Had  5  children.  Anna^  b.  1826;  m.  James  Carey. 
Has  2  children.  George  Washington  2  b.  1829;  m.  Mary  Moore. 
Has  2  children.  Nathaniel,'*  6th  Maine  Vols.,  b.  1832;  died 
Libby  Prison,  llichmond,  1864.  Amelia''  b.  1834;  m.  Israel  P. 
Smith.  Has  3  children.  Albert  =  15th  Maine  Vols.,  born  1838; 
d.  1862. 

37.  Horatio  Gates  Allan"  (3),  b.  Dec.  6, 1801;  m.  1828,  Margaret 
Leighton  b.  1806;  d.  1843.  Had  5  children.  Mary  L  1  b.  1830. 
Edward  H.2  b.  1832.  Keziaha  b.  1835.  Melissa  <b.  1839;  d. 
1842,  and  William  s  b.  1845.     The  first  three  have  families. 

38.  Elizabeth  Allan  (4),  b.  Sept.  14,  1803;  m.  1827,  Major 
Joseph  Allan.  Had  6  children,  Louisa,i  William,'-  Elbridge,'' 
IsaWV  Albion,'' and  George,"  6th  Maine  Vols.  Four  of  these  are 
married  and  have  families. 

39.  Winckworth  Allan  (5),  b.  Aug.  25, 1805 ;  m.  1828,  Hannah 
Robinson.  Had  9  children.*  Sophronia^  b.  1829.  Benjamin -b. 
1831;  d.  1852.  Joseph  3  b.  1834.  Fernando  »  b.  1838;  d.  1843. 
Sophilas  b.  1840.  John"  b.  1842;  d.  1843.  William "  b.  1845. 
Emma  ^  b.  1847.     Mary  "  b.  1850.     Several  of  these  have  families. 

40.  George  Washington  Allan  (6),  born  June  27, 1807  ;  d.  unm. 
Oct.  10, 1832. 

41.  Mehitabel  Crane  Allan  (7),  b.  Aug.  29,  1809;  m.  Wm. 
Goodwin.  She  died  1850  in  Northern  Michigan.  Had  3  children, 
Alissa,'  Laura  -  and  Frank.3 


Genealogy  of  the  Allan  Family. 


81 


42.  Henry  Dearborn  Allan  (8),  b.  Oct.  30,  1811 ;  m.  Catharine 
Morang  b.  1812.  He  was  killed  by  the  bursting  of  a  cannon,  July 
4,1866.  Had  5  children.  Alvrah  W.i  b.  1843.  Susan  "^  b.  1845. 
Elizabeth 3  b.  1850.     Isabella^  b.  1852,  and  Sarah s  b.  1854. 

43.  Isabella  Allan  (9),  b.  March  25, 1814 ;  m.  Hiram  Huckina. 
She  d.  1848.  Had  6  children,  John,'  Valeria,'^  Alice,'*  James,'* 
Henry  ^  and  Emerson."     Two  of  these  are  married. 

44.  Mary  Ann  Allan  (10),  b.  Aug.  22,  1816;  m.  Edward  Good- 
win. Had  9  children.  Joanna  b.  1837.  James  b.  1838.  Eliza- 
beth b.  1839.  Aurelia  b.  1841.  George,  28th  Maine  Vols.,  b.  1843. 
Franklin  b.  1845.  Sarah  b.  1853.  Joseph  b.  1855 ;  d.  1858,  and 
Adda  b.  1861 ;  d.  1862.    Two  or  three  of  these  are  married. 

45.  Evelina  Allan  (11),  b.  Feb.  6,  1819;  m.  Benj.  P.  Bridges. 
Had  4  children.  Henry,  28th  Maine  Vols.,  b.  1840.  Mehitabel  b. 
1844.  Eliza  Ann  b.  1846;  d.  1862,  and  Zachary  Taylor  b.  1849. 
Henry  died  in  the  army  in  1863,  at  Plaquemine,  La.  Mary  m.  o. 
B.  Leighton. 

46.  Alice  Allan  (12),  b.  May  20,  1821 ;  d.  next  day. 

47.  Abijah  Gregory  Allan  (13),  June  5, 1823  ;  m.  Sarah  Jewett. 
Had  3  children.  John  b.  1848.  Harriet  b.  1855,  and  Ella  b. 
1856.  He  enlisted  in  13th  Maine  Regt.,  and  died  in  N.  Orleans, 
July  27,  1862. 

George  Washington  Allan  (6),  b.  1776;  d.  1806.     Had  3  children. 

48.  Theodore  Cutts  Allan  (1),  b.  Dec.  26,  1803  ;  m.  Nancy  Hall. 
He  died  1865.  Had  2  children.  Theodore  b.  Feb.,  1844,  and 
Mary  born  April;  1847.     She  is  married  and  lives  in  Orland,  Me. 

49.  John  George  Allan  (2),  born  Apr.  5,  1805  ;  d.  April,  1824. 
Mary  Elizabeth  Allan  (3),  b.  March  15,  1807;  m.  George 


50. 


Comstock  b.  Apr.  19,  1799.  Had  seven  children.  Hiram  b.  Feb., 
1828 ;  m.  Mary  E.  Brown.  Has  1  child.  Mary  Ardelia  b.  Dec. 
20,  1829;  d.  Aug.  8,  1849.  Ann  Maria  b.  May  21,  1832;  m. 
John  A.  Davis.  Has  2  children.  Theodore  Allan  (Navy)  b.  May 
3,  1834;  acting  Master  U.  S.  Steamer  "  Onward."  Eurilla  Eliza- 
beth b.  Jan.  8,  1838  ;  m.  Alfred  Small.  Lucia  Emily  b.  May  8, 
1843.     Sarah  Jeannett  b.  June  11,  1845. 

Horatio  Gates  Allan  (7),  b.  1779;  d.  1837.     Had  5  children. 

51.  Charles  Hill  Allan  (1),  b,  Nov.  15,  1809;  m.  Clarissa  Var- 
ney.     He  died  1864. 


82 


Genealogy  op  the  Allan  Family. 


52.  Winckworth  Sargent  Allan  (2),  b.  March  11, 1812  j  m.  (1)  to 
Hannah  Libby,  and  had  by  her,  2  children.  Prentiss,  (12th  Regt. 
Me.,)  b.  1841,  and  Emma  b.  1842;  m.  (2)  to  Catharine  B.  Libby, 
and  had  by  her  three  children.  Edgar  b.  1848.  Catharine  b.  1856, 
and  an  infant  daughter ;  d.  1847;  m.  (3)  to  Susan  Knox.  Had  by 
her  1  child,  Lena  b.  1861. 

53.  William  George  Allan  (3),  b.  Aug.  9,  1814;  m.  Anna  Lan- 
der. Has  3  children.  Mary  Isabella  b.  Sept.  18,  1843  ;  m.  J.  H. 
Winchell.  Georgiana  Brown  b.  Sept.  1,  1845.  Alice  Kate  b.  Feb. 
13, 1851.     Resides,  Haverhill,  Mass. 

54.  Alice  Crane  Allan  (4),  b.  Oct.  7,  1818 ;  m.  Asaph  Sawyer. 
Has  3  children.  Charlotte  b.  Aug.  11,  1846.  Alice  b.  March  27, 
1848.     Nathaniel  Gates  b.  Apr.  24,  1850. 

55.  Mary  Isabel  Allan  b.  Nov.  15,  1821 ;  died  unmarried  Sept. 
23,  1841. 


INTRODUCTORY  CHAPTER. 


The  Early  History  of  the  Eastern  Part  of  Maine  and  its 
Condition  Previous  to  the  Pevoluiionary  War. 

The  district  of  country  lying  east  of  the  Penobscot  river, 
and  now  forming  the  northeastern  frontier  of  the  United 
States,  seems  to  have  attracted  but  little  attention  from 
the  historian  or  naturalist,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  yet 
comparatively  unknown  except  to  the  hunter  and  the  lum- 
berman. And  although  it  was  explored  and  a  temporary 
settlement  made  there  earlier  than  at  any  other  place  in 
New  England,^  still  it  was  the  last  to  have  a  permanent 
population.  And  so  little  progress  had  been  made  for  the 
century  and  a  half  that  had  elapsed  since  the  great  charter 
of  James  the  first  in  1606,  by  which  it  became  a  part  of  his 
domain,  that  at  the  capture  of  Quebec  in  1759,  it  is 
believed  not  an  individual  speaking  the  English  tongue 
was  residing  in  any  part  of  this  territory. 

The  Plymouth  council  in  England  made  a  grant  for  a 
trade  with  the  Indians  along  this  coast,  probably  under 
the  charter  before  named,  or  under  that  of  1620  to  the  well 
known  active  merchants  Isaac  Allerton  and  Richard  Vines, 
and  under  this  right  they  traded  in  the  harbors,  and 
established  a  small  trading  house  at  Machias  in  1633,  which 
first  brings  that  name  into  history.     This  trade  had  for 


'See  an  account  of  DeMont's  discoveries  and  settlement  at  the  St, 
Croix,  wliere  he  passed  the  winter  of  1004,  in  Williamson's  Hist&ry  of 
Maine,  vol.  1,  p.  190. 

5 


-     84 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


II  \ 


( 


k  ! 


somo  time  been  enjoyecl  by  the  French,  and  La  Tour,  who 
was  acthijof  governor  of  Acadia,  prosecuted  it  with  energy, 
which  soon  brought  Vines  and  his  parties  into  collision. 
This  resulted  in  the  destruction  of  the  trading  house,  and 
the  death  of  two  of  Vines's  men.  A  demand  was  made 
on  La  Tour  for  reparation,  and  a  long  contest  of  words  and 
documents  succeeded,  the  Frenchmen  claiming  that  the 
English  had  no  rights  east  of  Pemaquid ;  and  although  ten 
years  afterwai'ds  he  was  obliged  to  promise  Vines  full  and 
complete  restitution  for  his  pecuniary  losses,  the  promise 
was  never  fulfilled,  and  the  national  rights  remained  unde- 
cided, while  the  French  probably  held  uninterrupted  pos- 
session. 

In  1688,  Governor  Andros  caused  an  account  of  the 
inhabitants  on  this  territory  to  be  taken ;  they  numbered 
but  forty-five  persons,  all  Frenchmen. 

In  1704,  the  celebrated  Capt.  Church  visited  this  coast 
in  pursuit  of  the  Indians,  and  believing  that  these  people 
aided  and  encouraged  them  in  their  wars  with  the  colonists, 
he  destroyed  their  habitations  and  brought  them  all  away 
as  prisoners,  thus  maintaining  the  claim  to  the  country  for 
the  English. 

At  length  the  government  of  Massachusetts  seems  to 
have  become  aware  of  the  value  of  this  territory,  and  in 
1748  employed  Richard  Ilazen  to  make  surveys  and  form 
a  chart  of  the  coast  west  of  the  Passamaquoddy  bay.  In 
1753,  the  governor  recommended  the  adoption  of  some 
practical  measures  for  settling  the  countr) .  This  brought 
forward  various  plans  for  the  grant  of  land  and  the  intro- 
duction of  settlers ;  but  the  territory  was  too  remote,  and 
the  fear  of  the  French,  and  more  particularly  the  vicinity 
of  the  Indian  tribes  rendered  these  projects  futile,  the 
great  decision  of  what  race  should  inhabit  and  control  the 
largest  and  best  part  of  North  America,  had  not  yet  been 
made. 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


85 


The  fall  of  Quebec  in  1759,  nn<l  the  conquest  of 
Canada  that  soon  succeeded,  gave  all  of  Acadia  and  New 
Franco  to  England,  and  changed  the  condition  of  the 
Indians  so  completely,  that  from  wielding  a  power  that 
kept  our  frontiers  in  fear,  they  soon  became  suppliants  for 
our  fiavoi'.  The  effect  of  this  change  on  the  value  of 
remote  lands  can  hardly  be  described.  A  perfect  fever  for 
emigration  from  the  older  towns  commenced,  and  a  very 
few  years  sufficed  to  carry  civilization  over  the  largest  part 
of  Vermont,  New  Hampshire  and  much  of  Maine,  along 
and  west  of  the  Penobscot. 

In  the  spring  of  1763,  a  colony  of  sixteen  persons  from 
the  ancient  town  of  Scarborough  landed  at  Machias ;  they 
were  men  of  energy  and  perseverance,  and  none  better 
fitted  for  the  trials  and  privations  that  always  await  the 
pioneers  of  a  new  territory  could  have  been  found :  their 
principal  object  was  to  build  mills  and  convert  the  then 
unlimited  pine  forests  into  lumber;  and  for  this  purpose 
no  site  of  equal  value  could  have  been  selected,  as  is  proved 
by  the  quantity  that  has  for  a  century  been  manufactured 
there,  and  is  still  increasing  to  the  present  year.  In  three 
years  the  colony  had  been  supplied  with  houses  and 
mills,  some  land  had  been  cleared,  and  farming  on  an 
humble  scale  had  commenced ;  the  extensive  marshes 
furnished  them  with  hay  to  supply  the  cattle  so  necessary 
in  furnishing  their  mills  with  logs,  and  comfort  and  pros- 
perity soon  rewai'ded  their  industry.  It  would  seem  that 
this  territory  was  debatable  ground,  no  colonial  govern- 
ment laid  claim  to  it ;  the  Machias  settlers  were  anxious 
to  obtain  a  grant  for  a  township  which  would  give  them  a 
title  to  the  lands  they  had  settled  on,  but  so  little  was 
known  as  to  which  colony  it  belonged,  that  they  twice 
made  a  formal  application  to  the  government  of  Nova 
Scotia  for  a  grant  which  should  include  their  settlements. 
Not  succeeding,  they  then  applied  to  Massachusetts,  and 


86 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Maine. 


in  1770,  rocoived  tho  witthed  for  instrument,  signed  by 
Governor  Ilutcliinaon. 

Tho  dozen  years  which  brings  us  down  to  tho  revo- 
lution were  active  ones  for  this  new  colony ;  its  buBiness 
and  trade  liad  increased  every  year,  and  it  was  as  promi- 
nent as  any  place  east  of  Falmouth.  During  this  time* 
explorations  had  been  made  along  tho  coast  and  up  the 
river,  settlements  had  followed,  and  every  river  west  of 
the  Pa^isamaquoddy  had  its  village  containing  saw-mills 
and  facilities  for  building  small  vessels  needed  for  the 
lumber  trade:  some  inhabitants  had  also  located  on  the 
larger  islands;  while  on  the  main  land  Narraguagus, 
Pleasant  river,  Naskeag,  Union  river.  Frenchman's  bay, 
Gouldsboro,  and  various  other  points  were  v;ell  known,  as 
each  contained  the  germ  of  a  town,  whose  inhabitants 
were  soon  to  go  out  in  defense  of  their  homes  and  country, 
as  well  as  to  undergo  privations  and  trials  far  beyond  what 
the  inhabitants  of  the  longer  settled  portions  of  Maine 
could  experience,  as  they  were  almost  entirely  dependent 
on  the  older  settled  country  for  bread-stuff  and  most  of  the 
necessaries  of  life. 


'  For  one  of  these,  see  Journal  of  J.  Holt,  probably  a  surveyor,  which 
gives  the  date  of  the  survey  of  some  of  tho  townships  and  the  naming  of 
Union  river. —  See  iV.  E.  Iliaioriealand  Genealogical  Iiegister,\o\.  10  for  1)356. 
The  date  is  1763. 


COMMENCEMENT  OF  THE  REVOLUTION, 


THE  MILITARY  OPERATIONS  AT  MACIIIAS  IN  1775. 


Although  the  situation  of  Machias  and  the  neighhoring 
settlements  were  almost  completely  isolated  from  the  prin- 
cipal towns,  and  no  mails  or  reguhir  conveyances  reached 
them,  still  the  news  of  the  operations  of  the  British  at 
Concord  and  Lexington,  on  the  19th  of  April,  1775,  soon 
arrived  there,  and  they  were  well  informed  of  the  prepara- 
tions of  the  patriots  to  resist  these  usurpations  at  whatever 
cost,  and  no  doubt  discussions  had  taken  place,  and  resolu- 
tions had  been  made  to  stand  by  their  friends  at  Boston  and 
elsewhere  to  the  last,  and  the  opportunity  to  show  their 
bravery  was  soon  to  arrive. 

Capt.  Ichabod  Jones,  who  had  for  several  years  been 
interested  in  the  trade  of  Machias,  was  at  Boston  with  his 
two  sloops,  and  was  desirous  of  returning  there  with  his 
family  and  household  furniture,  and  also  his  customary 
supplies  to  trade  for  a  return  cargo.  Admiral  Graves, 
then  in  command  of  the  British  fleet,  was  in  want  of 
lumber  for  the  use  of  their  troops,  and  Jones  was  sup- 
posed to  be  well  inclined  towards  that  party,  an  arrange- 
ment was  soon  made  that  Jones  should  have  the  neces- 
sary permit,  provided  he  would  return  with  cargoes  of 
lumber,  for  which  he  should  receive  a  fair  remuneration. 
In  order  to  protect  Jones,  and  insure  his  return  with  the 


iM 


88 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


lumber,  the  admiral  decided  to  send  with  him  the  armed 
schooner  Margaretta,  of  about  100  tons,  carrying  about 
forty  men,  commanded  by  Midshipman  Moore,  who  was  a 
relative  of  the  admiral. 

The  two  sloops,  the  Unity  commanded  by  Jones,  and  the 
Polly  commanded  by  Capt.  Horton,  as  also  the  cutter, 
arrived  at  Machias  on  the  second  of  June.  As  the  people 
had  agi'eed  to  the  non-intercourse  pledge  against  trading 
with  persons  acting  by  or  with  the  enemy,  some  difficulty 
occurred  in  obtaining  liberty  for  Jones  to  sell  his  cargo  and 
purchase  the  lumber  to  load  his  sloops ;  but  at  a  meeting 
held  for  the  purpose,  the  matter  was  discussed  and  finally 
a  vote  was  passed  that  he  could  sell  and  purchase  as  he  had 
formerly  done,  the  probability  being  that  the  supplies  were 
very  much  needed  and  they  could  not  refuse  them. 

But  while  this  business  was  going  on,  some  of  the  most 
ardent  of  the  "Wliigs  were  dissatisfied  with  the  arrange- 
ment, and  agreed  that  Jones  ought  not  to  be  permitted  to 
carry  the  cargoes  of  lumber  to  aid  the  British  army  then 
occupying  Boston. 

If  they  had  looked  at  the  matter  from  a  selfish  stand- 
point, no  people  ever  had  more  to  fear  from  commencing 
hostilities  with  the  British  than  themselves,  and  no  com- 
munity could  be  more  exposed  to  retaliation  and  less 
hopeful  of  aid  in  theii'  day  of  peril.  Their  only  method 
of  communication  with  their  friends  for  help  in  men  and 
supplies,  was  by  sea,  and  these  could  effectively  be  cut  off" 
by  the  enemy,  and  so  isolate  them  from  the  world.  To 
most  men  any  opposition  to  such  a  power  would  seem  fool- 
hardy in  the  extreme ;  but  so  did  not  reason  the  brave  men 
of  Machia?.  Among  the  bold  and  daring  men  who  were 
ready  to  take  the  first  step  in  this  almost  desperate  enter- 
prise was  Benjamin  Foster :  he  was  an  energetic  man,  had 
served  as  a  soldier  in  the  old  French  war,  was  at  the  taking 
of  Louisburg,.  and   was  familiar  with   danger;   he   had 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


89 


the  armed 
ying  about 
who  was  a 

les,  and  the 
the  cutter, 
the  people 
ast  trading 
e  difficulty 
i  cargo  and 
;  a  meeting 
and  finally 
e  as  he  had 
pplies  were 
3m. 

>f  the  most 
e  arrange- 
irraitted  to 
army  then 

ish  stand- 
mraencing 
no  com- 
and  less 
method 
men  and 
3e  cut  off 
orld.     To 
leem  fool- 
rave  men 
who  were 
ite  enter- 
man,  had 
le  taking 
he  had 


i:  w 


arranged  with  a  few  trusty  friends  to  make  a  sudden  attack 
on  the  Margaretta  and  capture  her,  and  then  secure  the 
two  sloops. 

On  Sunday,  the  eleventh  day  of  June,  they  prepared  to 
put  their  plot  into  execution ;  as  the  officers  were  at  church, 
it  was  intended  to  take  them  prisoners,  and  then  it  was 
thought  the  schooner  could  be  Captured  without  any  loss  of 
life.  But  while  Foster  and  his  men  were  attempting  to 
surround  the  church,  an  alarm  was  given,  the  officers 
escaped  out  of  the  windows,  and  succeeding  in  getting  on 
board  their  vessel,  they  soon  got  her  under  weigh  and 
dropped  below  the  Narrows,  sending  word  that  if  the  people 
molested  the  sloops,  they  would  return  and  burn  the  town. 
It  was  decided  to  take  possession  of  the  sloops  at  once, 
which  was  done.  It  was  then  proposed  that  Jeremiah 
O'Brien  should  assume  the  command  of  one  of  them,  and 
obtain  a  crew  of  forty  men,  while  Foster  should  proceed  to 
the  East  village  and  get  ready  a  schooner,  and,  with  a  com- 
plement of  men  meet  O'Brien  in  the  sloop  at  the  Rim,  the 
next  morniiq:,.and  then  pursue  the  Margaretta.  The  man 
were  soon  on  board,  but  on  an  examination  of  the  armament 
it  was  found  to  be  twenty  muskets  with  a  few  charges  of 
powder,  mostly  on  board  O'Brien's  sloop,  and  on  both 
vessels  thirteien  pitchforks  and  twelve  axes.  The  vessels 
were  soon  in  pursuit ;  but  before  reaching  the  Margaretta, 
Foster's  vessel  got  aground ;  yet  O'Brien,  nothing  daunted, 
pushed  on.  The  plan  was  to  put  the  sloop  alongside,  and 
carry  the  British  cutter  by  boarding.  On  approaching  the 
enemy,  Captain  Moore  hailed  the  sloop  to  know  their  de- 
mands, adding,  if  they  approached  nearer,  he  ^'Mild  tire. 
O'Brien  called  on  him  to  tire,  but  Moore  seemed  desirous 
of  avoiding  a  collision,  and  he  crowded  all  sail  to  get 
away ;  in"  jibing  the  Margaretta  carried  a\N^y  her  main 
boom  and  stood  into  a  small  bay  where  she  obtained  a  spar 
and  a  pilot  from  a  vessel  lying  there.     Standing  out  to  sta 


I  ( 


M 


t    '! 


40 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Maine. 


she  endeavored  to  escape  from  the  sloop  which  was  following 
her ;  but  the  sloop  proved  the  fastest  sailer,  and  as  soon  as 
she  got  within  range,  Moore  opened  fire  on  her ;  O'Brien 
replied  to  him  with  their  muskets  with  good  efl'ect  and  the 
vessels  were  soon  alongside.  Captain  Moore  threw  hand 
grenades  in  person,  but  was  soon  mortally  wounded,  and 
just  at  that  time  she  was  boarded  from  the  sloop.  A  young 
midshipman,  who  had  succeeded  to  the  command,  lost  his 
presence  of  mind  and  fled  to  the  cabin,  and  O'Brien  and  his 
men  took  possession  without  further  resistance.  Of  our 
adventurous  band  one  man  was  killed,  one  mortally  and 
three  badly  wounded.  On  board  the  Margaretta,  four 
persons  were  killed,  and  Captain  Moore  mortally  wounded. 
The  Margaretta  was  soon  taken  up  to  the  village,  the 
killed  were  buried,  and  the  wounded  placed  under  suit- 
able care.  Captain  Moore  received  every  attention,  but 
died  the  next  day.  The  crew  of  the  cutter  were  held  as 
prisoners  of  war.    • 

Hostilities  having  thus  commenced,  Jones's  sloop,  which 
■\^as  now  called  the  Liberty,  was  fitted  up  with  bulwarks, 
and  armed  with  swivels.  Being  prepared  for  sea,  and  au- 
thorized by  the  committee  of  safety,  she  proceeded  on  a 
cruise  in  the  bay  of  Fundy,  but  returned  in  a  few  weeks 
unsuccessful.  Soon  after  they  heard  of  a  British  schooner 
and  her  tender  being  in  Buck's  harbor ;  Captain  O'Brien 
in  the  Liberty,  and  Captain  Foster  in  a  coaster,  surprised 
and  captured  them  both.  The  crews  were  transported  to 
Falmouth,  and  O'Brien  and  Fostor  proceeded  to  head- 
quarters at  Cambridge  with  the  news,  and  congress  voted 
them  their  thanks  for  courage  and  good  conduct. 


THE  DOCUMENTARY  HISTORY,  1775-76. 


["We  now  introduce  to  the  reader,  the  revohitionary 
documents.  They  are  printed  as  copied  mainly  from  the 
archives  of  Massachusetts,  where  they  have  been  found 
scattered  through  many  volumes.  They  do  notfollow  in  any 
regular  sequence,  as  no  doubt  much  of  the  correspondence 
has  been  lost.  The  compiler  has  endeavored  to  arrange 
them  in  a  chronological  order,  and  keep  the  same  subjects 
as  near  together  as  possible.] 


"Watertown,  July  1st,  1775. 

In  Provincial  Congress. 
May  it  please  your  Honors ! 

The  distressed  situation  of  the  Eastern  parts  of  this 
Province,  calling  for  the  serious  attention  of  the  humane, 
this  Congress  beg  leave  to  address  you  in  their  behalf. 

By  reason  of  a  number  of  our  friends  removing  from 
the  Seaports  into  the  interiour  town  and  a  large  army  before 
Boston,  to  support  the  rights  of  the  Colonies,  this  Colony 
is  unable  to  spare  the  iiecessary  supplies  of  grain  &  provi- 
sions to  our  friends  in  the  province  of  Maine. 

By  which  means  &  an  Embargo  laid  upon  grain  &  pro- 
visions in  your  Colony,  they  are  reduced  to  the  alternative 
of  Starving,  or  supplying  the  ministerial  troops  with 
Lumber,  either  of  which  they  deprecate. 

We  would  therefore  suggest  to  your  Honors  the  expe- 
diency of  taking  otf  the  embargo,  so  far  as  to  permit  the 
Inhabitants  of  the  Eastern  parts  of  this  province  to  pur- 
chase grain  &  provisions  for  themselves.     They  producino- 

6 


f    i  ; 


li  ; 


I 

1 

; 

[ 

;  i 
'■'¥ 

! 

i 
! 

t 

I 

i 

i 

1 

1 

f 

1 

jll 

42 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


a  Certificate  from  any  of  the  Committies  mentioned  in  the 
enclosed  list  &  giving  bonds  to  your  officers  that  they  will 
deliver  it  to  such  Committee. 

We  are  with  the  greatest  sincerity, 

Your  Honors  most  obedient  Humble  Serv^. 

To  the  Hon*'*  the  Governor  &  Company  of  the  Colony  of 
Connecticut. 

Accepted  &  ordered  to  be  authenticated  &  sent  forward 
as  soon  as  may  be. 
Machias — 

James  Lyon,  Chairman,  Pownalboro  — 


George  Stillman,  Clerh, 
Jeremiah  Obrien, 
Benj"  Foster, 
Sam'  Scott, 
Manwaring  Beal, 
Nath'  Sinclair. 
Number  Four  — 
John  Stevens, 
Phineas  Whitten. 

GOLDSBOROUOH  — 

Benj"  Glasher, 
William  Shaw. 
Narraguagus — 
Joseph  Wallis, 
Alexr  Campbell. 


BOOTHBAY — 

David  Reed, 
—  Emmerson. 


Tim"  Langdon,  Chairman, 
Ebenzr  Whittier,  Clerh, 
John  Getchel, 
John  Huse, 
Tim"  Parsons. 
Brunswick  — 

Aaron  Hinckley,  Esq"", 
Benj™  Stone, 
Sami  Stanwood. 


Falmouth,  Casco  Bay  — 

Hon.  Jedidiah  Preble,  Esq., 
Hon.  Enoch  Freeman, 


Esq., 


Mr.  Richard  Codman, 
Capt.  John  Waite, 
Mr.  John  Butler, 
Mr.  Sam'  Freeman, 
Mr.  Benj.  Winslow 


Gk^-oetown  — 

Uummer  Sewell, 
John  Wood. 


Berwick,  in  the  County  of  York- 
Hon.  Benj.  Chadborn, 
Mr.  John  Hill, 
Mr.  Robert  Turners. 


To  the  Council  &c.,  at  Watertown,  July  19,  1775. 


• 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


48 


Petition  fo'*' authority  to  liaise  a  Company  at  Machias. 

The  Petition  of  the  subscribers  in  Behalf  of  the  Inhabi- 
tants of  Machias  in  the  County  of  Lincohi  and  Province 
of  Massachusetts  Bay 

Humbly  Sheweth,  that  your  Petitioners  in  the  Present 
unhappy  Times  have  been  -at  great  Expence  in  guarding 
the  Coast  at  Machias,  by  which  means  the  inhabitants  have 
done  but  very  little  else  for  two  months  past)  which  leaves 
us  in  a  very  distressed  situation :  unable  to  defend  our 
selves  or  the  Common  Cause  for  Which  our  Country  in 
general  is  Contending.  However,  We  beg  leave  to  hold 
our  Selves  Ready  and  Willing  to  Exert  our  selves  still  fur- 
ther, by  Virtue  of  such  incouragement,  as  your  P^onours 
shall  think  proper,  we  therefore  pray  your  Honours  would 
please  to  allow  us  the  priviledge  of  Raising  a  Company  of 
men  amongst  our  selves  on  the  Expence  of  the  Province  by 
which  means  we  humbly  conceive  we  should  be  enabled  to 
gunrd  our  own  Fort  by  continuing  the  young  men  in  the 
place,  which  at  Present  are  wholly  out  of  employ,  and  so 
contribute  in  some  measure  to  the  Necessities  of  the  poor 
Inhabitants,  the  Company  so  raised  to  be  under  such 
Restriction  &  Regulations  as  your  Honours  shall  think  fit. 
We  would  also  beg  Leave  to  Represent  to  your  Honours 
that  we  have  not  a  sufficiency  of  Powder  &  Ball  to  make 
any  considerable  Defence  in  Case  of  an  invasion,  we  there- 
fore humbly  Pray  your  honours  would  supply  us  with  two 
Hundred  weight  of  Powders  &  Balls  in  Proportion. 

Your  Honours  are  Doubtless  Sensible  of  the  great  Cost 
&  Charge  your  Petitioners  must  necessarily  be  at,  in  the 
Conveyance  of  a  number  of  Prisoners  from  Machias  to 
Watertown  Near  three  Hundred  &  Fifty  miles  Distant,  the 
Particular  accomts  of  which  we  Beg  Leave  to  Lay  before 
your  Honorable  Committee,  we  therefore  Pray  your 
Honours  would  Please  to  Grant  such  a  sum  of  money  to  be 


44 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


Paid  unto  your  Petitiouers  as  will  enablo  us  to  Defray  all 
such  charges  as  shall  be  found  Right  &  Just  and  your 
Petitioners  as  in  Duty  bound  shall  ever  Pray 

Jeremiah  Obrian 
:     Benj**  Foster 


i' 


State  of  the  Country. 

To  the  lion""  Gen'  Assembly  of  the  Province 
of  the  Mass.  Bay,  at  Watertown. 

The  Petition  of  the  Committees  for  the  Townships  of 
Gouldsborough  N"umber  Four,  Narraguagus  &  Pleasant 
River  laying  in  the  Eastern  parts  of  said  Province  Humbly 
sheweth,  that  whereas  the  present  alarming  situation  of 
this  Country  &  the  Province  in  general,  particularly  the 
several  Towns  to  which  we  belong,  being  at  present  Desti- 
tute of  all  legal  and  Constitutional  Government,  beg  leave 
to  Inform  your  Honours  that  we  have  taken  such  steps  as 
we  Thought  proper  to  govern  ourselves  in  our  Difterent 
Departments  agreeable  to  the  once  happy  Constitution  of 
this  Province,  according  to  our  Judgment,  the  Copy  of 
which  proceedings  We  beg  leave  to  transmit  by  the  bearer 
Capt.  Alex'  Campbell.  However,  being  suspicious  of  our 
Abilitys  in  matters  of  that  Nature,  We  beg  to  come 
under  the  Direction  &  Protection  of  your  Hon**'*  Body  &  to 
have  such  Laws  and  Rules  prescribed  for  us,  as  you  in 
your  Wisdom  may  think  most  suitable  &  we  for  ourselves 
&  Constituents  do  heartily  engage  to  Conform  to  ihe  same 
from  Time  to  Time  as  your  Honours  shall  Direct. 

It  may  be  Needless  for  us  to  Represent  to  your  Honors 
the  very  Distress'd  Situation  of  this  Country  with  respect 
to  Provisions  and  almost  every  Necessary  of  Life.  We 
Humbly  pray  that  your  Honor's  would  take  this  matter 


Maine  and  Kova  Scotia. 


46 


into  your  wise  Consideration  and  Toint  out  some  Method, 
that  the  Distress'd  Inhabitants  may  be  ReUev'd,  in  that 
way  your  Honors  may  Think  best.  We  beg  leave  to  Eefer 
you  to  Cap'  Alexander  Campbell  for  any  further  particu- 
lars Relative  to  this  Country,  and  your  Petitioners  as  in 

duty  bound  will  ever  pray. 

"William  Nickels,  \ 

Jonathan  Tracy,   J 

'  Committee  for  Gouldsborough. 

Alex«  Campbell,  "I 

John  Ruall,  / 

Committee  for  Narraguagus. 

Henry  Dyer,  1 

PniNEAS  Whitter,  / 

Committee  for  Number  Four. 

Chair  Man,  Daniel  Meritz, 

John  Hall, 

Committee  for  Pleasant  River. 

Goldsborough,  22d  July,  1776. 


} 


f 


Resolution  authorizing  a  Comjxiny  to  be  raised. 

The  Committee  appointed  to  take  into  Consideration  a 
petition  from  the  Committeys  of  Gouldsborough  Narra- 
guagus  NumV  Four  &  Pleasant  River  having  Confei-red 
with  Cap'  Alexander  Campbell  as  Referred  to  in  said  peti- 
tion. 

House  of  Representatives,  Aug.  17, 1775. 

Resolved  that  one  Company  of  fifty  men  including  offi- 
cers be  raised  &  stationed  in  the  above  mentioned  towns  to 
be  on  the  same  establishment  as  those  already  raised  in 
the  County  of  Lincoln  to  the  Eastwai-l  of  S'  Georges  and 
that  they  be  supplied  with  one  hundred  pounds  of  powder 
five  hundred    flints  and  Ball  equivalent  and    that  the 


LMm 


46 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


powder  Ball  and  flints  be  transported  to  Falmouth  in  the 
County  of  Cumberland  at  the  expence  of  this  Colony  & 
that  the  above  mentioned  articles  l)e  delivered  to  Cap' 
Alexander  Campbell  for  the  use  of  said  Company  when 
raised,  Cap'  Campbell  together  with  the  petitioners  to  be 
accountable  to  this  Court  for  the  same  all  which  is  humbly 
submitted.       ''  -     .'.^  > .     '  ♦ 

Aug.  18,  1775. 


Beport  on  Petition  of  James  Lyon. 

The  Com"'  on  the  petition  of  James  Lyon  ^  Chairman  of 
the  Com'"  of  Safety  at  Machias  beg  leave  to  report  the 
following  resolve  viz'. 

In  tlie  House  of  Represent.,  November  11,  i775. 

Resolved  That  it  be  recommended  to  the  several  Towns 
in  this  Colony  to  supply  the  people  at  Machias  with  such 
a  part  of  their  Town  stock  of  powder  as  they  can  Spare  to 
relieve  them  in  their  time  of  great  danger  and  the  said 
Towns  are  desired  to  deliver  the  same  to  the  said  Lyon 
or  such  person  or  persons  as  the  Lihabitants  of  Machias 
shall  appoint,  so  as  the  whole  do  not  amount  to  more  than 
three  barrells,  they  to  be  accountable  to  this  Court  for  the 
same  and  this  Court  will  replace  such  powder  as  shall  be 
so  supplyed  them  by  such  Town  or  Towns,  as  soon  as  may 
be,  or  pay  them  for  the  same  not  less  than  five  shillings  a 
pound  for  such  powder. 

Passed.     Sent  up  for  Concurrance. 

J.  "Warren,  Spk'. 


'  Rev.  James  Lyon  was  the  first  minister  of  Machias,  settled  in  1771,  died 
in  1795.  He  was  an  ardent  whig,  and  did  much  to  aid  that  cause  of  his 
country. 


^ 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


47 


H^;, 


Petition  of  Benj^  Foster  and  others  for  3IacMas. 

Petition  of  Benj»  Foster  k  Jeremiah  O'brien  in  behalf  of 

the  Inhabitants  of  Machias Whereas  your  Petitioners 

have  been  at  pjreat  expence  in  fitting  out  a  Privateer  for 
the  Defence  of  the  Place,  and  its  situation  is  such  that  it 
may  be  easily  blocked  up  by  a  small  vessel  and  stop  all 
Communication,  we  Intreat  with  Submission  that  there 
may  be  Commissions  for  the  officers  and  some  men  sta- 
tioned on  board  of  her  to  be  Ready  in  any  emergency  to 
take  the  Troops  on  Board  that  are  stationed  there  when 
thought  Proper  by  our  Committee,  otherwise  we  humbly 
conceive  iliat  if  said  Privateer  should  engage  an  armed 
vessel  and  be  taken  (which  we  are  Determined  by  Divine 
assistance  never  to  be)  we  shall  be  Deemed  &  Treated  as 
Pirates.  We  would  also  inform  your  Honours  that  there 
is  an  estate  belonging  to  Ichabod  Jones,  formerly  of  Boston, 
in  the  hands  of  Stephen  Jones  of  Machias,  your  Petition- 
ers humbly  beg  that  your  Honours  would  take  it  into  Con- 
sideration and  order  said  estate  to  be  taken  Care  of  by  the 
Committee  of  Safety  at  Machias  or  some  proper  person 
that  your  Honours  shall  point  out  and  that  the  income  of 
said  estate  may  defray  some  of  the  charges  that  have  arisen 
by  reason  of  s*  Jones'  being  an  enemy  to  his  Country. 
We  would  inform  your  Honours  that  in  taking  the  first 
Tender,  one  of  the  men  that  was  killed  has  left  a  poor 
helpless  Widow  &  six  small  children  entirely  destitute  of 
the  Necessaries  of  life ;  and  a  number  of  wounded  men 
who  have  lost  their  whole  summer  by  being  wounded  who 
will  stand  in  great  need  of  some  relief  if  your  Honours 
after  Consideration  would  be  Pleased  to  give  Directions 
so  that  the  Profits  of  said  Jones'  estate  may  be  applied 
for  the  benefit  of  those  that  have  met  with  these  mis- 


48 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


fortunes  and  your  Petitioners  as  in  Duty  bound  shall  ever 
Pray 

Benj^  Foster 
Jeremiah  Obrien 
In  Council  Aug.  18,  1775. 

Read  &  sent  down.  ' 


Petition  of  Jeremiah  0' Brian. 

Humbly  Sheweth  That  your  Petitioner  has  been  in  the 
Colony  service  since  the  Twenty-first  Day  of  August  last 
as  Comm''  in  Charge  of  the  Sloop  Machias  Liberty  *  & 
Schooner  Diligence  which  two  vessels  are  in  Newbury 
Corapleatly  equipt  for  Sea,  with  about  fifty  Men  on  board 
them  Ready  for  any.  Service  the  Honorable  Court  shall 
think  fit  to  employ  them  in,  one  vessel  has  four  Carriage 
Guns  Ten  Swivels  the  other  lias  five  Carriage  Guns  & 
Twenty  Swivels  has  I  ts  for  Eight  Carriages,  has  accom- 
modations for  sixty-five  men  each.  We  are  all  waiting  the 
Determination  of  the  Hon'  Court  whether  we  are  to  be 
Discharged  or  to  be  further  employed  in  the  Colony  service. 
Your  Petitioner  can  Recommend  to  y'  Hon**  Court  the 
under  Officers  &  Guncrs  to  be  men  well  skil'd  in  the  Busi- 
ness. 

As  in  duty  bound  shall  ever  Pray 

Jeremiah  O'Brien. 
In  Committee  Feb.  2,  1776. 
Read  &  sent  down. 


1  The  following  is  printed  as  a  curiosity.  Many  of  the  men  who  were 
engaged  in  privateering  Avere  of  the  reckless  kind,  and  committed  many  ex- 
cesses on  both  friends  and  foes,  for  it  was  then  tlillicult  to  distinguish  on 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


49 


Hesolve  to  Man  Two   Vessels  at  Machias. 

Whereas  the  Inhabitants  of  Machias  have  been  at  Con- 
siderable Expcnce  in  fixing  Two  armed  vessels  for  the 
Defence  of  the  Sea  Coasts  and  are  in  continual  Danger  of 
having  their  Harbour  Blocked  up  by  the  Tenders  &  Armed 
vessels  of  our  Enemies,  Therefore 

Resolved  that  proper  officers  be  commissioned  to  take  the 
Command  of  s*  vessels  and  that  the  Commanding  officer 
who  shall  be  appointed  bo  authorized  to  Inlist  a  proper 


which  side  tliey  really  did  belong.    This  bill  will  certainly  equal  anything 

that  can  be  found  at  the  present  day, 

£.  s.  d. 

Diging  of  the  Grave  and  Tolling  the  Bell  for  one    3  10  0 
1770           man  belonging  to  Privateer  Mechias  Liberty 

Capt.  Jer'>  Obrien 

Mr.  Parson's  Bell 0  15  0 

forSporters 9  00  0 

for  Nesorices  Charges 1  03  6 

for  1  Gallon  of  Wine 2  05  0 

for  3  Qunrts  of  westinge  Rum 0  18  0 

for  pipes  and  Tobaco 0  04  0 

for  2  Gallons  of  Snake  Root 3  12  0 

for3jGallonsofCherry  Rum 4  10  0 

fori  Sheet 5  12  6 

To  the  hire  of  2  Women 1  10  0 

To  3  pound  of  Sugar  and  5  Gallons  of  Beer 1  11  6 

To  3  pound  of  Cheese 1  12  0 

ToBisket 0  10  0 

To  H  yard  of  Gauze 1  10  0 

To  my  Trouble 4  10  0 

To  1  Squair  of  Glass 0  07  6 

To  making  of  the  Coffin 4  10  0 

46  00  0 

To  the  Barber  Shaving 10 

40  10  0 
r  ""ived  of  Jeremiah  Obrien  in  full  of  the  above  accompts 

By  Elizabeth  Weavert 


i 


60 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


Number  of  Bcamcn  not  Exceeding  Tliirty  to  navigate  each 
of  said  vessels.  And  that  said  officers  and  seamen  shall 
be  under  such  pay  of  this  Colony  as  shall  be  here  after 
allowed.  And  that  the  Commanding  officers  of  s**  vessels 
from  time  to  time  be  directed  to  apply  to  the  Committee  of 
Safety  of  said  Machias  for  men  to  Mann  s''  vessels  upon  any 
Emergency  from  the  Company  which  is  to  be  stationed  at 
said  Machias  under  the  Command  of  Cap.  Stephen  Smith. 


Resolve  to  raise  ffty  Men  at  Machias — with  a  Petition. 

In  the  House  of  Ropresentativcs,  Watertown,  August  10, 1775. 

Resolved  that  there  bo  raised  at  Machias  a  Company  of 
fifty  men,  officers  included,  on  the  same  Pay  and  for  the 
same  time  as  the  forces  that  are  already  raised  for  the 
defence  of  the  sea  Coasts,  and  that  they  be  allowed  by  this 
Collony  six  shillings  pe'  week,  p'  man  billeting  dureing 
their  service  and  the  Colony  to  supply  said  Company  with 
fifty  Weight  of  Powder  and  ball  equivalent.  Said  Com- 
pany, when  raised,  to  be  under  the  direction  of  their  Capt" 
as  to  their  station. 

Also  Resolved  that  M'  Jeremiah  Obrien  be  Paid  out  of 

the   Treasury  of  this  Colony  the   Sum  of  one  hundred 

pounds  on  his  Ace'  exhibited  with  this  Petition,  he  giveing 

security  for  the   same   with  one   surety   (to  this  Colony 

treasurer)  until  he  brings  proper  vouchers  to  support  said 

account. 

Sent  up  for  Concurrence 

Saml.  Freeman  Speak^ 

Concurred.  P'  Temp. 


s, 
■ 

r 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


61 


Letter  to  the  Eastern  Indians. 

In  Provincial  Congress  Wiitertown  May  15, 1775. 
Friends  &  good  Brothers 

We  the  Delegates  of  tlio  Colony  of  the  Massachusetts 
Bay,  being  come  together  in  Congress  to  consider  what 
may  be  best  for  you  &  ourselves  to  do,  to  get  rid  of  the 
slavery  designed  to  bo  brought  upon  us  have  thought  it 
our  duty  to  write  you  the  following  Letter. 

Brothers,  the  great  wickedness  of  such  as  should  bo  our 
friends  but  are  our  enemies,  we  mean  the  ministry  of  Great 
Britain,  have  laid  deep  plots  to  take  away  our  liberty  & 
your  liberty,  they  want  to  get  all  our  money,  make  us  pay 
it  to  them  when  they  never  earnt  it,  to  make  you  &  ua 
their  servants  &  let  us  have  nothing  to  eat,  drink  or  wear 
but  what  they  say  we  shall  and  prevent  us  from  having 
guns  &  powder  to  use  and  kill  our  Deer  and  wolves  &  other 
game,  or  to  send  to  you  for  you  to  kill  your  game  with 
and  to  get  skins  &  fur  to  trade  with  us  for  what  you  want. 
But  we  hope  soon  to  be  able  to  supply  you  with  both  guns 
&  Powder  of  our  own  making. 

We  have  petitioned  to  England  for  you  &  us  &  told 
them,  plainly,  wo  want  nothing  but  our  own  &  dont  want 
to  hurt  them,  but  they  wont  hoar  us  and  have  sent  over 
great  ships  &  their  men  with  guns  to  make  us  give  up  and 
kill  us,  and  have  killed  some  of  our  men,  but  we  have 
drove  them  back  &  beat  them  &  killed  a  great  many  of 
their  men.  The  Englishmen  of  all  the  Colonies  from 
Novascotia  to  Georgia  have  firmly  resolved  to  stand  to- 
gether and  oppose  them,  our  liberty  &  your  liberty  is  the 
same,  wo  are  Brothers  and  what  is  for  our  good  is  for  your 
good.  And  we  by  standing  together  shall  make  them 
wicked  men  afraid  &  overcome  them  and  all  be  free  men. 
Capt.  Goldthwait  has  given  up  Fort  Pownall  into  the 
hands  of  our  enemies.     We  are  angry  at  it  &  we  hear  you 


52 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


are  angry  with  liini  &  we  dont  wonder  at  it.  "We  want  to 
know  that  you  our  good  Brothers  want  from  us  of  Clothing 
or  -(varlike  stores,  &  we  will  supply  you  as  fast  as  we  can. 
We  will  do  all  for  you  we  can  &  light  to  save  you  any  time 
&  hope  none  of  your  men  or  the  Indians  in  Canada  will 
join  with  our  enemies.  You  may  have  a  great  deal  of 
good  influence  on  them.  Our  good  Brothers,  the  Indians 
at  Stock oridge,  all  join  with  us  &  some  of  their  men  have 
listed  as  soldiers  &  we  have  given  them  that  listed  each 
one  a  Blanket  k  a  Ribhon  &  they  will  he  paid  when  they 
are  from  home  in  the  service  and  if  any  of  you  are  willing 
to  list  us  we  will  do  the  same  for  you. 

"We  have  sent  Captain  John  Lane  to  you  for  that  pur- 
pose and  he  will  send  you  his  orders  for  raising  one 
Company  of  your  men  to  join  with  us  in  the  war,  with  your 
and  our  enemies. 

Brothers  we  humbly  beseech  that  God  Avho  lives  above, 
and  that  does  what  is  right  here  below  to  be  your  friend  & 
bless  you,  to  prevent  the  designs  of  those  wicked  men 
from  hurting  you  or  us. 

Brothers,  if  you  will  let  M"^  John  Preble  know  what 
things  you  want  he  will  take  care  to  inform  us  and  we 
will  do  the  best  for  you  that  we  can. 

Passed.     Or**  to  be  authenticated  &  sent  forward. 


F 


►     ; 


In  Provincial  C  angress,  June  Slat,  1775. 

The  Committee  appointed  to  consider  the  request  of  the 
Indians  now  in  Watertown  reported. 

The  report  was  accepted  &  as  follows,  viz'. 

"We  the  Delegates  of  the  People  of  this  Province  assem- 
bled in  Congress  being  appointed  to  transact  the  public 
business  have  no  doubts  that  any  engagements  we  shall 
make  fjr,  and  in  behalf  of  our  Constituents  will  on  their 
part  be  hiithfuiiy  ratified  &  adhered  to.  We  do  not  doubt 
of  the  integrity  &  honest  intentions  of  our  brethren  of  the 


I 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


68 


want  to 
Clothing 

we  can. 
my  time 
ada  will 

deal  of 

Indians 
len  have 
3ted  each 
hen  they 
e  willing 

that  pur- 
sing one 
vith  your 

es  above, 
•  friend  & 
ked  men 

ow  what 
and  we 


[^*,  1775. 
1st  of  the 


le  assem- 
|e  public 
shall 
)n  their 
)t  doubt 
of  the 


Penobscot  tribe,  and  hope  on  their  parts  that  they  enter- 
tain no  jealousies  of  the  uprightness  and  fidelity  of  us  their 
brethren.  The  inhabitants  of  this  Colony  disdain  to  make 
use  of  unjustifiable  force  or  artifice  to  rob  their  unsuspecting 
brethren  of  their  rights,  and  are  heartily  disposed  to  pre- 
vent any  injuries  and  encroachments  upon  their  neighbors, 
and  to  restrain  and  chastise  such  invaders  as  have  evi- 
denced any  such  unjustifiable  dispositions,  &  we  hereby 
strictly  forbid  any  person  or  persons  whatsoever  from 
trespassing  or  making  waste  upon  any  of  the  lands  and 
territories  or  possessions  beginning  at  the  head  of  the  tide 
on  Penobscot  river,  extending  six  miles  on  each  side  of 
said  river  now  claimed  by  our  brethren  the  Indians  of  the 
Penobscot  tribe,  as  they  would  avoid  the  highest  displea- 
sure of  this  Congress.  We  thank  our  brethren  of  the 
Penobscot  tribe  for  their  generous  ofters  of  friendship  and 
assistance  in  our  present  war  with  onr  brethren  in  Great 
Britain  who  are  endeavoring  by  murder  and  violence  to 
rob  us  of  our  lands  &  property  and  hereby  engage  to  their 
just  claims  against  every  invader.  As  soon  as  we  can 
take  breath  from  our  present  fight,  we  will  take  care  that 
our  brethren  the  Penobscot  tribe  shall  be  furnished  with 
a  proper  Commissary,  who  shall  be  directed  to  furnish 
them  with  provisions,  ammunition  and  goods  at  a  reasona- 
ble rate,  and  proper  and  effectual  measures  shall  tlien  be 
taken  to  prevent  any  dishonest  persons  from  carrying  on 
a  fraudulent  trafiick  witli  them. 

We  accept  of  Cap'  Lane  as  an  Agent  appointed  by  our 
brethren  of  the  Penobscot  tribe,  who  is  herel)y  authorized 
and  impowered  to  take  cognizance  and  make  report  to 
this  Congress  or  any  future  assembly  of  this  Colony  of 
any  molestation  or  depredation  which  the  Indians  of  the 
Penobscot  tribe  nuiy  hereafter  sustain  from  any  person 
whatsoever,  so  that  seasonable  &  eftectual  measures  may 
be  taken  to  atibrd  those  our  brethren  such  redress  as  their 


m 


•Mil 


m 


m 


•  "'ir 


54 


Eevolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


i   !  : 


circumstances  may  require.     To  the  fountain  of  all  justice 

we  dare  appeal  that  our  intentions  are  equitable  towards 

all  our  neighbors,  and  on  that  almighty  Being  we  rely 

that  while  wo  are  struggling  against  rapine  &  tyranny,  we 

chall  be  supported  in  the  conflict,  and  our  just  endeavors 

be  finally  crowned  with  success. 

True  copy  of  Provincial  Congress  Record^ 

Attest 

John  Avery  jun.  Sec^ 

To  the  Hono"''  The  Council  &c. 

Ambroice  &  Peire   Toma  two  of  the  Heads  of  the  S' 

Johns  Tribe  of  Indians  came  in  here  this  day  and  desired 

me  to  write  you  the  following  Letter  from  their  own  mouths 

and  forward  it  to  you   by  the  first  opportunity  and  to 

request  an  Answer  from  you. 

I  am 

Gentlemen 

with  the  Greatest  Respect 

Your  Most  Obedient 

Humble  Servant 

JON^  LOWDER. 

Penobscot  Falls,  Sept.  12*^  1775. 

At  the  Truckhouse,  Penobscot  Falls,  Sept.  12th,  1775. 

Capt  Thomas  Fletcher  &  Lieut  Andrew  Gillman  Inter- 
preters Present 

"We  Ambroice  &  Peire  Toma  the  Heads  of  y«  S'  Johns 
Tribe  and  in  behalf  of  said  Tribe  and  the  Micamac  Tribe. 

We  salute  the  Chiefs  of  the  Colony  of  y«  Massachusetts 
and  wish  you  health,  and  that  God  would  prosper  you  in 
your  I  _esent  war  with  Great  Britain. 

We  have  talked  with  the  Penobscot  Tribe  and  by  them 
we  hear  you  are  engaged  in  a  war  with  Great  Britain,  & 
that  they  are  engaged  to  join  with  you  in  opposing  you 
and  our  Enemies. 


m 


IN 

all  justice 
le  towards 
g  we  rely 
I'anny,  we 
endeavors 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


66 


111.  Sec^. 

of  the  S' 
lid  desired 
vn  mouths 
ty  and  to 


)ect 
Int 
'vant 

iOWDBR. 


Wo  heartily  join  with  our  brethren  the  Penobscot 
India?) '^  in  every  thing  that  they  have  or  shall  agree  with 
our  Brethren  of  the  Colony  of  the  Massachusetts  and  are 
resolved  to  stand  together  &  oppose  the  People  of  Old 
England  that  are  endeavouring  to  take  yours  and  our  Lauds 
&  Libertys  from  ue. 

We  are  brothers  of  one  father  &  one  God  made  us  all,  & 
we  will  stand  by  you  as  long  as  the  Almighty  will  give  us 
strength,  &  we  hope  you  will  do  the  same  for  us. 

We  have  nowhere  to  look  too  for  assistance  but  to  you 
&  we  desire  that  you  would  help  us  to  a  Priest  that  he  may 
pray  with  us  to  God  Almight}^ 

Wo  iiave  no  place  to  go  to  but  to  Penobscot  for  support 
&  we  desire  you  would  provide  Amunition  Provisions  & 
Goods  for  us  there,  and  we  will  come  in  there,  &  give  you 
our  fur,  &  skins,  &  take  our  support  from  you  in  return 
and  will  be  thankful  to  ,  ou  for  the  Kindness. 

Brothers  We  pray  God  to  Bless  you  &  Prosper  you  & 
strengthen  &  Lengthen  this  Now  Chain  with  us. 

Presented  to  the  Council  Octo.  O"*,  3  775. 


2th,  1775. 

an  Inter- 
s' Johns 
Tribe. 

achusetts 
r  you  in 

by  them 
ritain,  & 
;ing  you 


Tlie  Petition  of  a  Number  of  the  Inhabitants  of  the  Eastern 
Part  of  the  County  of  Lincoln. 

Humbly  sheweth,  That  the  Indians  of  the  S'  Johns  and 
Passamaquada  tribes  are  in  great  distress  for  want  of 
cloathing  and  Ammunition,  which  prevents  their  getting 
sufficient  quantitys  of  provisions  to  support  their  family's  — 
That  the  Government  of  Nova-Scotia  have  otfjred  to  sup- 
ply them  wnth  all  such  necessary's  provided  they  will  join 
the  enemies  of  the  United  Colonies— That  the  said  tribes 


I 

>>!iii{ph 


', 


66 


Revolutionary  Operationp  in  Eastern 


have  informed  us  of  said  application  from  Nova  Scotia, 
and  liave  declared  their  desire  to  join  their  Brethren  of  the 
United  Colonies,  provided  they  could  be  supplied  with 
such  things  as  they  wanted,  and  take  their  furs  in  return 
for  the  same:  for  which  end  the  said  Tribes  have  sent 
three  of  their  principle  Men  to  wait  on  you^  honors ;  & 
that  they  appear  to  be  very  uneasy  that  something  is  not 
yet  done  for  them.  Your  Petitioners  apprehending  if  said 
Indians  are  not  supplied  by  your  honors,  they  will  be 
necessitated  to  join  our  enemies ;  humbly  pray  your  honors 
would  appoint  a  Truck-Master  atMachias  for  th:.t  purpose; 
and  your  petitioners  as  in  duty  bound  will  ever  pray  &c. 

Benj.  Foster, 
Stephen  Smith, 
JaxMes  Noble  Shannon, 
Alex.  Campbell, 
James  Loud, 
Philip  Hodgkins, 
Fra.  Shaw. 
Watertown,  Feh.  5,  1776. 

Committed  to  M"^  Story  &  Coll"  Smith. 

Committee  directed  to  confer  with  the  Indians  on  the 

subject. 

Wm.  Story,  • 

Coll  Smith. 
Watertown,  Feby  y«  8'^  1776. 

The  Committee  of  both  houses  appointed  on  the  petition 
of  a  number  of  the  Inhabitants  of  the  County  of  Lincoln  — 
setting  forth  the  necessity  of  granting  supplies  for  the  S' 
Johns  &  Passamaquoda  Tribes  of  Indians,  have  attended 
that  service  &  report  as  followeth :  vi/A  that  said  Indians 
place  of  abode  is  about  eighty  miles  from  Machias  and  con- 
sist of  about  sixty  Families,  they  are  in  want  of  Clothing, 
Provisions,  ammunition,  &  their  fire  arms  Rcpair'd.     Your 


1!^ 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


57 


Scotia, 
n  of  the 
ed  with 
Q  return 
ive  sent 
nors ;  & 
g  is  not 
ig  if  said 

will  be 
r  honors 
purpose ; 
ay  &c. 


.NNON, 


Committee  were  informed  by  Cap*.  House  that  he  had 
traded  with  those  Tribes  &  that  the  trade  was  to  y«  amount 
of  IGOOjE.  L  M"  Annuall}-,  and  s**  Indians  appear  to  be  De- 
sirous of  giving  the  Trade  to  our  Colony  provided  we  will 
supply  them  by  putting  a  Quantity  of  goods  into  the  hands 
of  a  proper  person  to  Trade  with  them  at  Machias.  Your 
Committee  also  find  that  one  John  Steel,  with  two  sons, 
will  remove  to  Machias  &  as  an  armorer  for  soldiers  wages, 
provided  he  is  allowed  for  the  use  of  his  tools  &  that  he 
has  twelve  or  fourteen  pounds  in  store  that  he  will  take 
down  with  him  for  y°  Colonys  use.  All  which  is  sub- 
mitted. 

1776  W.  Spooner  by  order. 

In  Council  Feb.  9,  1775. 
Read  &  sent  down. 


n 
f 


IS  on  the 

CORY,    . 
IMITH. 


[petition 
icoln  — 
Ir  the  S' 
Ittcnded 
llndians 
Ind  con- 
[othing, 
Your 


Indians  decline  to  go  to  War. 

Friends  Brothers  &  Countrymen 

^In  the  spring  of  the  Year  we  received  with  Joy  and 
Gladness,  a  very  kind  Letter  from  our  Friend  &  Brother 
His  Ex'y  George  Washington. 

What  he  said  therein  gave  us  great  satisfaction  and 
Determined  we  were  to  Continue  in  that  Friendship,  with 
the  same  faith  as  he  professed  towards  us  and  to  Keep  the 
chain  bright  for  Ever. 

A  few  days  ago  an  alai'ra  was  spread  among  as  that 
another  paper  was  come,  to  require  us  to  take  up  the  hatchet. 

We  met  thereupon^  and  found  that  some  of  our  Young 


^lu  the  spring  of  17T0  a  treaty  was  made  with  tlie  St.  John  Indiaus,  aud 
ratilied  by  Col.  Francis  Sliaw. 

8 


p=^ 


58 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


men  had  been  with  you  in  the  Character  of  Chiefs  and  made 
a  Treaty  to  go  to  war,  Contrary  to  our  Desire,  and  as  we 
understand  from  them  was  not  rightly  understood. 

Our  situation  and  Circumstances  being  such  at  present, 
Our  natural  inclination  being  Peace,  only  accustomed  to 
hunt  for  the  subsistence  of  our  family,  "We  could  not  Com- 
ply with  the  Terms — Our  numbers  being  not  suflicient 
among  other  objections.  And  as  it  was  not  done  by  our 
authority  &  Consent  of  the  Diff'  Tribes  we  are  necessitated 
to  return  it.  » 

Still  depending  upon  the  promise  of  our  Brother  Wash- 
ington, and  relying  upon  the  friendship  of  all  our  Brothers 
&  friends  your  way  we  hope  &  trust  no  offence  in  sending 
it  back. 

And  Protesting  at  the  same  time  that  the  Chain  of 
Friendship  is  still  subsisting  between  us  on  our  side&  that 
we  hope  for  Ever — A  further  Account  of  our  situation  will 
in  our  !Name  be  Deliverd  our  brothers  &  Countrymen  by 
John  Allan  Esq  Bearer  of  this  —  Our  Love  and  friendship 
be  with  you  all 

We  are 

Your  Friends  &  Brothers 

Joseph  Sapsaroucii  Chief  of  Miramichi 
Jean  Baptist  Alymph  Chief  of  Rechibouctou 
AuQUSTiN  Michel  of  Eechibouctou 
Thomas  Athanage  Chief  of  Chediac  and  Cocaga 
Jerome  Athanage  of  Chediac 
Baptist  Arguimon  Chief  of  Chiguenictou 
Jean  ISTeol  Arguimon  of  Chiguenictbu 
Charles  Aleria  of  Cape  Sable. 
At  Coquen,  ^eptem!>^  Idth,  1776. 

Each  of  the  above  Chiefs  made  their  marks,  not  being 
able  to  write. 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


59 


I  made 
as  we 

resent, 
mccl  to 
t  Com- 
fficient 
by  our 
Bsitated 

■  Wash- 
Irothera 
seiidiug 

!hain  of 
[b  &  that 
tion  will 
mieu  by 
endsbip 


Brothers  of  the  St  Johns  Tribe 

It  gave  me  groat  Pleasure  to  hear  by  Major  Shaw,  that 
yon  Kept  th(j  chain  of  Friendship,  which  I  sent  you  in 
February  last  from  Cambridge  bright  &  unbroken. 

I  am  glad  to  hear  that  you  have  made  a  Treaty  of  peace 
with  your  Brothers  and  neighbors  of  the  Massachusetts 
Bay,  who  iiavc  agreeable  to  your  desire  established  a  Truck 
House  at  St  Johns  out  of  which  they  will  furnish  you  with 
everything  you  want  and  take  your  Furs  in  Return  — 

My  good  Friend  &  Brother  Gov' Pierre  Tominarandthe 
Warriors  that  came  with  him,  shall  be  taken  good  care  of, 
and  when  they  want  to  return  home,  they  and  our  Brothers 
of  Penobscot  shall  be  furnished  with  every  thing  necessary 
for  their  iournev — 

Brothers,  I  have  one  thing  more  to  say  to  you,  our  enemy, 
the  King  of  Great  Britain,  endeavored  to  stir  up  all  the 
Indians  from  Canada  to  South  Carolina  against  us  But  our 
Brethren  of  the  Six  Nations  and  their  Allies  the  Shawnese 
and  Delawares  would  not  listen  to  their  advice,  but  Kept  fast 
hold  of  our  ancient  Covenant  Chain.  The  Cherokees  and 
the  Southei-n  Tribes  were  foolish  enough  tc  hearken  to 
them  and  to  take  up  the  hatchet  against  us,  upon  which 
our  Warriors  went  into  tlieir  Country  burnt  their  Houses 
destroyed  their  corn  and  obliged  them  to  sue  for  peace  and 
to  give  Hostages  for  their  future  good  behavour — 

Never  let  the  Kings  wicked  Counsellers  turn  your  hearts 
against  me  and  your  Brethren  of  this  Country,  but  bear  in 
mind  what  I  told  you  last  February  ''  what  I  tell  you  now  — 

In  token  of  my  Friendship  for  you  I  send  you  this  irom 
my  Army  on  the  Banks  of  the  Great  liiver  Delaware  this 
24"*  day  of  December  1776. 

'G.  Washington. 


'A  similar  letter  was  sent  to  the  Passaasaquoddy  tribe,  and  was  in  their 
l)os8essiou  in  1832. 


60  Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 

Letter  from  Stephen  Smith,  Machias,  June  22,  1776. 

To  the  Council,  &c.    Hon^'^  Gentlemen : 

AVhen  your  Honors  was  pleas'd  to  appoint  me  Truck 
Master  for  the  Indians  I  was  not  apprized  of  the  Task  I 
had  to  perform,  the  lumbers  of  them  far  Exceed  my  Ex- 
pectations, and  the  Offers  they  have  from  the  Factors  of 
Nova  Scotia  causes  them  to  be  very  Troublesome. 

The  sum  of  400^6  L  My  granted  by  your  Honors  to 
supply  at  least  One  Thousand  Men  Exclusive  of  their 
Familys,  is  but  small,  your  Honors  cant  Expect  I  can 
satisfy  them  &  keep  Friends  with  that  sum,  as  I  was 
obliged  to  Credit  near  £200  for  their  spring  hunt  which 
they  have  not  yet  paid,  the  News  of  the  Defeat  at  Quebec 
has  reached  them,  that  with  the  advice  of  Gen'  Washing- 
ton  obliges  Me   to  put  up  with  many  Insults. 

I  have  given  the  Bearer  Major  Francis  Shaw  jun'  a 
power  of  Attorney  to  Receive  any  further  sum  your 
Honors  may  be  pleased  to  grant,  with  Directions  to  pur- 
chase such  articles  as  are  most  wanted,  as  soon  as  they 
come  in  with  their  spring  hunts  I  shall  send  the  Fur  up ; 
in  the  Mean  Time  I  am  in  much  want  of  many  articles 
for  them. 

With  Major  Shaw  comes  up  Ten  Chiefs  of  the  Different 
Tribes,  knowing  the  Trouble  &  Expeuce  they  would  be 
at.  We  Endeavour'd  with  all  our  art  to  Detain  them,  with- 
out Effect,  as  they  had  Letters  from  your  Honors  &  His 
Excell^  Gen'  Washington  they  were  determined  either  to 
proceed  or  Rely  on  the  Assistance  of  Nova  Scotia ;  of  the 
two  evils  I  have  Endeavour'd  to  choose  the  least,  and  have 
accordingly  prevailed  on  Major  Shaw  to  take  the  Charge 
of  them,  which  I  hope  will  Meet  your  Honour's  appro- 
bation. 

The  Indians  that  were  at  Court  last  Winter  have  Re- 
ceiv'd  a  supply  and  one  has  since  refused  to  pay,  as  he 


l:M^i 


II  i  I 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


61 


says  His  Excoll'  Gon'  Washington  told  tliom  they  should 
be  paid  for  coming  up  as  well  as  carrying  Letters  to  the 
Mickmac  Tribe. 

I  am  likewise  much  troubled  with  the  Inhabitants  sup- 
plying thorn  witli  Rum  &  as  it  uiakes  them  very  Trouble- 
some &  Quarrelsome,  I  should  lie  glad  your  Honors  Avould 
give  some  order  that  they  may  not  have  Liberty  to  sell  or 
give,  as  they  take  their  furs  for  much  less  than  their  value 
&  Detain  them  longer  than  is  Needful. 

I  have  hitherto  given  Ss""  for  Beaver  to  hinder  their 
Trading  with  Nova  Scotia  and  shall  do  it  until  I  heai'  from 
your  Honors,  this  I  do,  as  I  am  sensil)le  from  the  best 
accounts  from  Nova  Scotia  that  they  take  every  Measure 
to  Defeat  your  Honors  Plans,  and  to  bring  them  against 
the  New  Settlements  in  this  Country. 

As  Miijor  Shaw  has  been  here,  and  Witness  to  their 
proceedings  I  refer  your  Honors  to  him  for  any  further 
Intelligence  and  Remain  with  much  Respect, 

Your  Honors  much  oblig'd  Hum"  Serv', 

Stephen  Smith. 
"  Read  in  Council  July  10, 1776.     Read  in  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives &  committed." 


fiiFerent 
)uld  be 
.,  with- 

Is  &  His 

Ither  to 
of  the 
have 
Charge 
appro- 

Lve  Re- 
I,  as  he 


Notes  on  that  jxirt  of  Nova  Scotia,  now  New  Brunswick. 
The  earliest  English  settlement  made  on  the  St.  John 


river  was  at  Maugerville  in 


1766.     A  considerable   grant 


of  land  had  been  procured  from  government  on  condition, 
and  quite  a  number  of  families  from  Massachusetts  and 
Connecticut  commenced  a  settlement  which  at  the  com- 
mencement of  the  revolution  may  have  contained  nearly  a 
hundred  families.  Nearly  all  of  these  sympathized  with 
the  colonies. 


mmm 


rin»«»<,-«a,.»«. 


? 


62 


Revolutionary  Opbuations  in  Eastern 


The  docnmentfl  which  follow  show  the  feeling  of  the 
people,  and,  considering  their  iuHulated  locality  and  the 
vicinity  to  the  old  and  well  fortified  towns  in  possession  of 
an  l^^nglish  army  and  navy,  they  are  rcniarkal)ly  l)old.  It 
also  gives  the  number  of  men  settled  on  tlie  river,  viz :  125 
who  signed  the  resolves;  about  12  who  did  not.  These  last 
we  may  conclude  were  in  favor  of  the  British,  most  of  whom 
resided  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  —  two  of  the  persons  who 
had  houses  there  were  Simonds  and  White.  Mr.  "William 
Hazen  was  also  residing  there  or  up  the  river :  they  were 
all  originally  from  Massachusetts ;  but  their  interests  were 
much  dependent  on  British  ascendancy,  and  they  eventually 
did  all  in  their  power  to  uphold  that  flag.  This  was  the 
condition  of  things  on  the  river  previous  to  the  first  and  most 
disastrous  expedition  to  Nova  Scotia  under  Col.  Eddy  in 
the  fall  of  1776,  and  it  was  among  this  people  that  he  and 
his  people  found  rest  and  aid  after  his  unsuccessful  attack 
on  Fort  Cumberland. 

So  universal  was  the  sympathy  for  the  Americans  in  the 
county  of  Cumberland,  that  in  the  townships  Truro, 
Onslow  and  Londonderry  only  five  persons  would  take 
the  oath  of  allegiance  to  the  British  government,  and  there- 
fore their  meml)ers  were  excluded  from  the  house  of  as- 
sembly. In  Kings  county,  N.  S.,  a  large  liberty  pole  was 
cut  and  made  ready  to  be  hoisted,  when  the  arrival  of  a 
detachment  of  rangers  put  a  stop  to  the  movement. 


Action  of  the  People  on  the  St.  John  River. 

Whereas  the  inhabitants  on  the  River  S*  Johns  in  the 
County  of  Sunbury  and  province  of  N'ova  Scotia  being 
regularly  assembled  at  Maugervile  in  s*  County  on  the  14th 
Day  of  May  1776  did  then  and  there  make  Choice  of  us, 


f 


mini: 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


63 


Jacol)  Barker,  TMi'm'  Nevers,  Israel  rerloy,  Baiuol  Palmer, 
M0809  Piekanl,  Edward  Coyc,  Tho".  ITartt,  Inrael  Kinney, 
Asa  Kimball,  Asa  Perley  and  TTiigli  Quinton  a  Committee 
in  behalf  of  the  Inhabitants  of  s*  County,  to  make  Imme- 
diate application  to  the  Cont^resn  or  Oen"  Assembly  of  the 
Massachusetts  Bay  for  Koli  .  uiidev  their  present  Distressed 
Circumstances. 

Now  Know  yo  that  we  the  Committee  above  named 
liave  by  these  presents  Constituted  and  ajipointed  two  of 
8*  Committee  (viz)  Messrs.  Asa  Perley  and  Asa  Kimball 
to  act  as  agents  for  the  body  of  s"*  Committee  to  go  per- 
sonally to  the  8*  Congress  or  Gen"  Assembly  and  there 
present  our  Petition,  also  to  act  and  transact,  Determine 
accomplis  i  and  finish  all  Matters  touching  the  premises 
as  effectually  as  the  body  of  s**  Committee  might  do,  and 
we  in  behalf  of  tho  inhabitants  of  s**  county  ratify  and 
confirm  whatsoever  our  s**  agents  shall  cause  to  be  done  in 
this  matter. 

Names  signed,  May  20,  1776. 

All  officers,  civil  or  military,  in  the  united  provinces 
and  all  others  are  desired  not  to  molest  or  hinder  the 
within  Asa  Perley  and  Asa  Kimljall  in  their  progress,  on 
the  Contrary  to  Encourage  and  Assist  them,  as  they  would 
merit  the  Esteem  of  all  Lovers  of  their  Country's  Liberty 
and  the  thanks  of  this  Committee. —  Vol.  144,  p.  153. 

The  Inhabitants  of  the  County  of  Sunbury  in  the 
province  of  Nova  Scotia  being  regularly  assembled  at  the 
Meeting  house  in  Maugervile  in  s'' County  on  Tuesday 
the  14  day  of  May  1776  to  Consult  on  some  measures 
necessary  to  be  taken  for  the  safety  of  the  Inhabitantfe. 

I'y  Chose  Jacob  Barker  Esq'  Chairman. 

2'y  Chose  Jacob  Barker,  Israel  Perley,  Phin'  Nevers, 
Esq"  and  ]\Iessrs  Daniel  Palmer,  Moses  Pickard,  Edward 
Coye,  Tho'.  Ilartt,  Israel  Kenney,  Asa  Kimball,  Asa 
Perley,  Oliver  Perley,  and  Hugh  Quinton  a  ( 'ommittee  to 


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u 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


prepare  a  Draught  proper  for  the  Proceedings  of  the  As- 
sembly. The  meeting  then  adjourned  till  three  of  the 
clock  in  the  afternoon. 

'  Being  again  met  the  Committee  Reported  the  following 
Resolves  which  were  read  and  after  a  second  Reading  the 
Resolves  were  passed  in  the  affirmative,  unanimously. 

1''  Hesolved.  That  we  can  see  no  shadow  of  Justice  in 
that  Extensive  Claim  of  the  British  Parliament  (viz)  the 
Right  of  Enacting  Laws  binding  on  the  Colonies  in  all 
Cases  whatsoever.  This  Sj^stem  if  once  Established  (we 
Conceive)  hath  a  Direct  tendency  to  Sap  the  foundation, 
not  only  of  Liberty  that  Dearest  of  names,  but  of  property 
that  best  of  subjects. 

2°*'y  Besolve^ .  That  as  tyrany  ought  to  be  Resisted  in 
its  first  appearance  we  are  Convinced  that  the  united 
Provinces  are  just  in  their  proceeding  in  this  Regard. 

3'^'''  Mesolv'^ .  that  it  is  our  Minds  and  Desire  to  submit 
ourselves  to  the  government  of  the  Massachusetts  Bay  and 
that  we  are  Ready  with  our  Lives  and  fortunes  to  Share 
with  them  the  Event  of  the  present  Struggle  for  Libei-ty, 
however  God  in  his  Providence  may  order  it. 

4'y  B.esolv'^ .  That  a  Committee  be  Chosen  to  Consist  of 
twelve  Men  who  shall  Immediately  make  application  to 
the  Massachusetts  Congress  or  general  assembly  for  Relief, 
and  that  s**  Committee  or  the  Major  part  of  them  shall 
Conduct  all  Matter  Civill  or  Military  in  this  County  till 
further  Regulations  be  made. 

6'^  Hesolved.  That  we  and  Each  of  us  will  most  strictly 
adhere  to  all  such  measures  as  our  s*  Committee  or  the 
Major  Part  of  them  shall  from  time  to  time  prescribe  for 
our  Conduct  and  that  we  will  support  and  Defend  them  in 
this  Matter  at  the  Expence  of  our  Lives  and  fortunes  if 
Called  thereto. 

6"'  Resolv'^ .  That  we  will  Immediately  put  ourselves  in 
the  best  posture  of  Defence  in  our  power,  that  to  this  End 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


65 


we  ^v^ll  prevent  all  unnecessary  nse  of  gun  Powder  or 
other  ammunition  in  our  Custody. 

7'y  Resolved.  That  if  any  of  us  shall  hereafter,  Know  of 
any  person  or  persons  that  shall  hy  any  ways  or  means 
Endeavour  to  prevent  or  Counteract  this  our  Design,  we 
will  Immediately  give  notice  thereof  to  the  Committee  that 
proper  Measures  may  he  taken  for  our  Safety. 

8'y  Besolv'^,  that  we  and  Each  of  us  will  Pay  our  pro- 
portion of  all  such  sums  of  Money  as  may  he  Necessary 
for  Carrying  these  matters  into  Execution,  and  finally,  that 
we  will  share  in  and  suhmit  to  the  Event  of  this  under- 
taking however  it  may  terminate,  to  the  true  performance 
of  all  which  we  bind  and  obligate  ourselves  firmly  each  to 
other  on  penalty  of  being  Esteemed  Enemies  and  traitors 
to  our  Country  and  Submitting  ourselves  to  pojiular 
Resentment. 

The  whole  assembly  subscribed  to  the  foregoing  Resolves. 

The  Body  then  Voted. 

1'^  that  the  a])ove  named  Committee  shall  be  a  standing 
Committee  to  make  application  to  the  Massachusetts  Con- 
greps. 

Also  to  Conduct  nW  Matters  Civil  or  Military  in  the 
County  till  further  Regulations  be  made. 

Voted  that  we  will  have  no  Dealings  or  Connections 

with  any  Person  or  Persons  for  the  future  that  shall  Refuse 

to  Enter  into  the  foregoing  or  similar  Resolutions. 

A  true  Copy  from  the  Minutes. 

Israel  Perley  Clerk 
Dated  at  Maugerville  on  the  River 

S'  Johns  May  the  21,  1776. 

Memorandum  —  by  Desire  of  the  Committee. 

Represent  the  Conduct  of  the  Indians  that  Gen"  Wash- 
ington's Letter  set  them  on  fire  and  they  are  Plundei'ing 
all  People  they  think  are  torys  and  perhaps  when  that  is 
Done,  the  others  may  share  the  same  fate.     We  think  it 

9 


6Q 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


necessary  that  some  person  of  Consequence  be  sent  among 
them. 

K  it  be  asked  what  Lands  are  granted  on  the  River,  it 
may  ))e  answered  —  there  is  four  towns  and  a  half  granted 
to  be  gentlemen  mostly  officers  in  the  armys  the  towns  are 
a  hundred  thousand  acres  each. 

There  is  several  other  Large  tracts  of  Land  granted  to 
particular  gentlemen. 

These  townships  and  other  Lands  have  but  few  settlers 
on  them. 

If  it  be  asked  what  proportion  of  the  People  signed  the  Re- 
solu'ions  itmay  be  answered,  There  is  125  signed  and  about 
12  or  13  that  have  not,  9  of  whom  are  at  the  Rivers  Mouth. 

In  General  Court. 
The  Committee  of  both  Houses  to  whom  was  referred 
the  Petition  of  Jacob  Barker,  &c.  from  the  County  of  Sun- 
bury  in  the  Province  of  ^ova  Scotia  beg  leave  to  report  by 
way  of  Resolve  That  the  Commissary  General  be  and 
hereby  is  directed  to  deliver  one  Barrell  of  Gun  Powder, 
Three  hundred  &  Fifty  Flints  &  Two  hundred  &  fifty 
weight  of  Lead  from  the  Colony  Stores  to  Asa  Perley  and 
Asa  Kimball  or  their  Order  agents  of  the  Committee 
appointed  by  the  Inhabitants  of  the  County  of  Sunbury, 
for  the  use  of  their  Constituents,  and  that  they  the  said 
Perley  &  Ivimball  be  accountable  to  this  Court  for  the  same, 
and  that  the  said  agents  have  liberty  to  purchase  from  such 
of  the  Inhabitants  of  this  Colony  as  shall  be  Willing  to 
part  with  the  same.  Forty  stand  of  small  arms  for  the  use 
of  their  Constituents,  and  that  the  Committees  of  Corre- 
spondence &  in  any  of  the  Sea  Ports  within  the  Colony,  are 
directed  to  grant  permits  to  the  said  agents  to  Transport 
the  same  or  any  other  Goods  or  merchandize  that  may 
legally  be  Transported  from  Port  to  Port  within  this  Colony. 
Jer :  Powell  p'  Order,  consented  to,  June  26,  1776. — Vol. 
144,  P.  158. 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


67 


Col  Eddy's  letter  of  J  any.  5,  1777. 

To  the  Hon.  Council  &  House  of  Representatives  of  the 
State  of  Massachusetts  Bay : 

I  have  Endeavored  to  inform  your  Honors  in  some  part 
of  my  Proceedings  since  my  Departure  from  Boston. 

I  left  the  long  Wharf  in  Boston  together  with  M'  Row 
&  M'  How  and  arrived  at  Newbury  the  second  Day,  where 
we  Chartered  a  small  Vessell  to  carry  us  to  Machias  at 
which  Place  we  arrived  (after  Many  Unfortunate  Acci- 
dents) in  about  three  weeks  from  the  Time  of  our  setting 
out. 

During  my  Stay  at  Machias  I  met  with  Col.  Shaw,  by 
whose  Eavor  I  obtained  Cap'.  West  &  several  other  good 
Men,  to  the  amount  of  about  Twenty,  to  join  me  in  the 
Expedition  against  Fort  Cumberland.  Then  Proceeded  to 
Passamaquoddy  where  I  was  joined  by  a  few  more ;  from 
thence  to  the  River  St  John's  &  went  up  the  same  about 
sixty  Miles  to  the  Inhabitants  whom  I  found  almost  uni- 
versally to  be  hearty  in  the  Cause, —  and  joined  us  with  1 
Cap'.  1  Lieut.  &  Twenty  five  Men,  as  also  16  Indians;  so 
that  our  whole  Force  now,  amounted  to  Seventy  two  Men, 
and  with  this  Party  I  set  off  for  Cumberland  in  Whale 
Boats  and  Canoes,  and  standing  up  the  Bay  arrived  in  a 
few  Days,  at  Shepody  in  the  s^  County. 

At  Shepody  we  found  and  took  Cap'  Walker  and  a 
Party  of  thirteen  Men  who  had  been  stationed  there  by 
Col  Gorham  Commander  of  the  Garrison  at  Cumberland, 
for  the  Purpose  of  getting  Intelligence  &c. —  Thence  we 
Proceeded  to  Memrancook,  and  there  had  a  Conference 
with  the  French,  who  Readily  joined  us,  although  they 
saw  the  Weakness  of  our  Party.  We  then  marched  12 
Miles  through  the  woods  to  Sackville  &  there  were  met 
by  the  Committee  who  Express^  their  Uneasiness  at  seeing 
so  few  of  us,  and  those  unprovided  with  Artillery,  Never- 


68 


REVOT,UTIONARr   OPERATIONS   IN  EASTERN 


theless  hoping  that  Col  Shaw  would  soon  come  to  our  As- 
sistance with  a  Reinforcement  they  unanimously  joined  us. 
The   same   Night  I  sent  oiF   a  small  Detachment  who 
marched    about    12  Miles    through  very  bad  Roads   to 
Westcock   &  there  took  a   Schooner  in  Aulack    River, 
loaded  with    Apples   Cyder,   English  Goods   &c.   to   the 
Amount  of  about  £300,  but  finding  afterwards  that  she 
was  the  Property  of  M""  Hall  of  Annapolis,  who  is  a  good 
Friend  to  the  Cause  of  Liberty,  I  discharged  her.     I  after- 
wards sent  another  Boat  Load  of  Men,  as  a  Reinforcement 
to  the  first  Party,  making  together  about  30  Men,  in  Order 
to  take  a   Sloop  which  lay  on  the  Flats  below  the  Fort, 
loaden  with  Provisions  and  other  Necessaries  for  the  Gar- 
rison :     After  a  Difficult  March,  they  arrived  opposite  the 
Sloop ;  on  board  of  which  was  a  Guard  of  1  Serg'.  &  12 
men,  who  had  they  fir'd  at  our  People,  must  have  alarmed 
the  Garrison  in  such  a  Manner  as  to  have  brought  them 
on   their  Backs.     However,  our  men   rushed   Resolutely 
towards  the  Sloop  up  to  their  Knees  in  Mud,  which  made 
such  a  Noiie  as  to  alarm  the  Gentry,  who  hailed  them  & 
immediately  called  the  Serg'  of  the   Guard  :     The  Serg'. 
on  comming  up.  Ordered  his  Men  to  fire,  but  was  immedi- 
ately told  by  M"  Row  that  if  they  fired  one   Gun,  Every 
Man  of  them  should  be  put  to  Death ;  which  so  frightened 
the  poor  Devils  that  they  surrendered   without  firing  a 
Shot,  although  our  People  Could  not  board  her  without 
the  Assistance  of  the  Conr^  ered,  who  let  down  Ropes  to 
our  Men  to  get  up  by.     By  this  Time  the  Day  broke  and 
the  Rest  of  our  Party  made  to  their  Assistance   in  the 
Schooner  aforementioned   &  some  Boats.     Li  the   mean 
Time   Came   down  Several   Parties  of  Soldiers  from   the 
Fort  not  Knowing  the  Sloop  was  taken  (who)  as  fast  as 
they  Came,  were  made  Prisoners  by  our  Men  &  order'd  on 
board:     Among  the  Rest,  Capt  Barron,  Engineer  of  the 
Garrison,  and  M' Eagleson,  who  maybe  truly  Called  the 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


69 


Pest  of  Society ;  and  by  his  unseasonable  Drunkenness  the 
Evening  before,  prevented  his  own  Escape  and  occasioned 
his  being  taken  in  Arms. 

The  Sloop  now  beginning  to  float  &  the  Fog  breaking 
away,  we  were  discovered  by  the  Garrison,  who  observing 
our  Sails  loose  thought  at  first,  it  was  done  only  with  an 
Intent  to  dry  them,  but  soon  Perceiving  that  we  were 
under  "VVay,  fired  several  Cannon  shot  at  us  &  marched 
down  a  Party  of  60  Men  to  attack  us,  but  we  were  at  such 
distance,  that  all  their  Shot  was  of  no  Consequence. 

We  then  sailed  to  Fort  Lawrence,  another  Part  ex  the 
Township,  and  there  landed  Part  of  the  Stores  on  board 
the  Sloop  to  Enable  us  to  attack  the  Garrison. 

Having  left  a  small  Guard  on  board  the  Sloop  to  secure 
the  Prisoners,  I  marched  the  Remainder  to  Cumberland 
side  of  the  River  and  Encanip'd  within  about  one  mile  cf 
the  Foi't,  and  was  there  joined  by  a  Number  of  the  In- 
habitants so  that  our  w^hole  Force  was  now  about  180 
Men,  but  having  several  outposts  to  guard,  &  many  Prison- 
ers to  take  Care  of,  the  Number  that  Remained  in  the 
Camp,  did  not  Exceed  80  men ; —  I  now  thought  Proper  to 
invest  the  Fort  &  for  this  Purpose  sent  a  Summons  to  the 
Commanding  Officer,  to  surrender,  (a  Copy  of  which 
together  with  his  Answer  I  have  Enclosed)  — 

Upon  Col.  Gorhams  Refusal  to  surrender  we  attempted 
to  storm  the  Fort  in  the  Night  of  the  12"'  Nov'  wi+h  our 
scaUng  Ladders  &  other  Accoutrements,  but  finding  the 
Fort  to  be  stronger  than  we  imagined  (occasioned  by  late 
Repairs)  "We  thought  fit  to  Relinquish  our  Design  after  a 
heavy  firing  from  their  Great  Guns  and  small  Arms  with 
Intermission  for  2  Hours,  which  we  Sustained  without 
any  Loss  (Except  one  Indian  being  wounded)  who  behaved 
very  gallantly,  and  Retreated  in  good  Order  to  our  Camp. 

Our  whole  Force  in  this  Attack,  Consisted  of  about  80 
Men,  while  the  Enemy  were  100  strong  in  the  Fort,  as  I 


70 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


learned  since  from  some  Deserters  who  came  over  to  us  ; 
a  greater  number  than  we  imagined.  I  must  needs  ac- 
quaint your  Honors  that  Never  Men  behaved  better  than 
ours,  during  the  engagement  never  flinching,  in  the  midst 
of  a  furious  Cannonade  from  the  Enoniy. 

In  this  Posture  we  Continued  a  Number  of  Days  and 
totally  cut  oft'  their  Communications  with  the  Country, 
Keeping  them  ciosely  block'd  up  within  the  Fort,  which 
we  Expected  to  take  in  a  little  Time  by  the  Assistance  of 
a  Reinforcement  from  Westward. 

In  the  mean  Time  on  the  27*  Nov'  arrived  in  the  Bay 
a  Man  of  War,  from  Halifax,  with  a  Reinforcement  for 
the  Garrison  consisting  of  near  400  Men  &  landed  on  that 
and  the  day  following. 

Nov.  oO*  The  Enemy  to  the  Number  of  200,  Came  out 
in  the  Night  by  a  round  about  March ;  got  partly  within 
our  Guards,  notwithstanding  we  had  Scouts  out  all  Eight, 
and  about  Sunrise  furiously  Rushed  upon  the  Barracks 
where  our  Men  were  quartered,  who  had  but  just  Time 
Enough  to  Escape  out  of  the  Houses  and  run  into  the 
Bushes  where,  (notwithstanding  the  Surprise  in  which  we 
were)  our  Men  Killed  &  wounded  15  of  the  Enemy  while 
we  lost  only  one  man  who  was  Killed  in  the  Camp. 

In  the  midst  of  such  a  Tumult  the^''  at  length  proceeded 
about  6  Miles  into  the  Country  to  the  Place  where  they 
imagined  our  stores  &c.  to  be  &  in  the  Course  of  their 
March  burnt  12  Houses  &  12  Barns  in  some  of  which  the 
greater  Part  of  our  Stores  were  deposited.  In  this  Dilem- 
ma My  Party  being  greatly  weakened  by  sending  oft" 
many  for  Guards  with  the  Prisoners  &c.  &  our  Stores 
being  Consumed,  it  was  thought  Proper  by  the  Committee 
that  we  should  Retreat  to  St.  Johns  River  &  there  make  a 
stand,  till  we  could  have  some  certain  Intelligence  from 
the  Westward,  which  we  hope  we  shall  have  in  a  short 
time  by  the  Favor  of  the  Committee,  who  are  gone  for- 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


71 


wards  —  And  as  it  appears  to  be  the  opinion  of  the  Com- 
mittee of  Cumberland  and  St  Johns  River  that  I  should 
Kemain  here,  I  am  determined  to  make  a  Stand,  at  this 
Place,  till  I  am  drove  oif,  which  I  believe  will  not  be 
Easily  done,  unless  the  Enemy  should  send  a  Force  from 
Halifax  by  Water  on  Purpose  to  subdue  this  Settlement,  as 
I  am  continually  Reinforced  by  People  from  Cumberland 
&  the  ^Neighboring  Counties,  so  that  I  believe  we  shall  be 
able  to  Repulse  any  ]*arty  that  may  be  sent  from  the 
Garrison  at  Cumberland,  though  I  imagine  we  shall  not 
be  troubled  b}'  any  Irruption  from  them  this  W  inter  as 
the  Reinforcement  is  chiefly  gone,  having  left  only  about 
200  Men  in  the  Fort,  and  those  in  a  bad  Condition  for  the 
want  of  Clothing;  and  if  200  men  could  be  sent  us  by 
Land  this  winter  we  could  Reduce  the  Garrison  by  cutting 
off  their  Supplies  of  wood  which  thej'  are  obliged  to  go  8 
or  9  Miles  for  through  a  Country  full  of  small  Spruce,  Fir 
&  such  like  Wood,  Consequently  very  Convenient  for  us 
to  lay  an  Ambush,  as  we  are  perfectly  acquainted  &  the 
Enemy  Strangei-s  thereto ;  And  this  your  Honors  may 
Easily  Conceive,  as  we  Destroyed  a  Number  of  Houses  the 
Property  of  Friends  to  each  Side,  which  lay  adjacent  to 
the  Fort  &  the  Commanding  i  iHcer  having  given  orders 
to  pull  them  down  &  carry  the  Timber  into  the  Fort  for 
Firing,  the  Committee  ordered  me  to  Prevent  it  by  firing 
them  which  I  did  accordingly ;  and  left  them  destitute  of 

anything  to  burn  within  some  Miles On  this  River 

are  a  considerable  Number  of  Indians,  who  are  universally 
hearty  in  the  Cause,  16  of  whom  together  with  the  Governor 
Ambrose  accompanied  me  in  the  Expedition  and  behaved 
most  gallantly,  but  are  a  little  uneasy  that  no  Goods  are 
yet  arrived  for  them  from  Boston,  agreeable  to  the  late 
Treaty  with  them,  which  was  Ratified  by  Coll  Shaw  in 
Behalf  of  the  States,  &  I  should  be  very  glad  if  your 
Honors  would  Satisfy  them  in  this  Point  as  soon  as  pos- 


mss 


I    I 


3 '  i ' 


72 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


sible,  as  they  have  ])eou  Extremely  faithful  during  this 
Contest;  and  if  this  is  done  I  am  confident  I  can  have 
near  200  of  them  to  join  me  in  any  Expedition  against  the 
Enemy. 

All  my  Transactions  in  this  Affair  have  been  done  hy 
the  Authority  of  a  Committee  of  Safety  for  the  County  of 
Cumberland  &  many  Difficulties  having  arisen  for  want  of 
Commissions  I  hope  your  Honors  will  send  some  blank 
ones  for  the  raising  of  a  Regiment  in  this  Province  if  the 
Hon.  Continental  Congress  should  think  fit  to  Carry  on 
the  War  further  in  this  Quarter,  so  that  Proper  Regula- 
tions may  be  make  &  many  disorderly  actions  prevented. 

I  am  &c 

Jonathan  Eddy 

Maugerville  on  the  R.  St  John,  Jcaiy  &>>■  1777. 


To  Josej)h  Gorham  Esq.  Lieii^  Colonel  Command'  of  the  Boyal 
Fencibles  Americans  Commanding  Fort  Cumberland. 

The  already  too  plentifull  Effusion  of  Human  Blood  in 
the  Unhappy  Contest  between  Great  Britain  and  the 
Colonies  calls  on  every  one  Engag'd  on  either  side,  to  use 
their  utmost  Efforts  to  prevent  the  Unnatural  Carnage,  but 
the  Importance  of  the  Cause  on  the  side  of  America  has 
made  War  necessary,  and  its  Consequences,  though  in  some 
Cases  shocking  are  yet  unavoidable.  But  to  Evidence  that 
the  Virtues  of  humanity  arc  carefully  attended  to,  to  tem- 
per the  Fortitude  of  a  Soldier ;  I  have  to  summon  you  in 
the  Name  of  the  United  Colonies  to  surrender  the  Fort 
now  under  your  Command,  to  the  Army  sent  under  me 
by  the  States  of  America.    I  do  promise  that  if  you  Sur- 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


78 


render  Yourselves  ns  Prisoiiers  of  War  you  may  depend 
upon  being  treated  with  the  utmost  Civility  k  Kind  Treat- 
ment ;  if  you  refuse  I  am  determined  to  storme  the  Fort, 
and  you  must  abide  the  consequences  — 

Your  answer  is  expected  in  four  Hours  after  you  receive 
this  and  the  Flag  to  l^cturn  sate. 

I  am  Sir 

Your  most  obed'  Ilbl"  Serv' 
JoNA  Eddy 
Commanding  Officer  of  the  United  Forces. 

Nov.  10,  1776. 


Ft  Cumberland'  10"'  Nov''  1776. 
Sir  — 

I  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  a  Letter  (under  coular  of  a 
Flagg  of  Truce  Signed  by  one  Jona"  Eddy  Commanding 
officer  expressing  a  concern  at  the  unhappy  Contest  at 
present  Subsisting  between  great  Britain  and  the  Colonys 
and  recommending  those  engaged  on  either  side  to  iise 
their  Endeavors  to  prevent  the  too  Plentifull  effusion  of 
human  Blood  and  further  Summoning  the  Commanding 
officer  to  surrender  this  Garrison  — 

From  the  Commencement  of  these  Contest  I  have  felt 
for  my  deluded  Brother  Subjects  and  Countrymen  of 
America   and  for  the  many   Innocent  people  they  have 


'Fort  Cumberland.  "In  1750,  M.  La  Come,  the  French  Commandant 
in  this  quarter,  Iniilt  Fort  Beau  Sejour,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Missiquash. 
The  English  immediately  erected  anotlicr  fort  on  the  opposite  side  of  the 
river,  called  Fort  Lawrence,  in  honor  of  Major  Lawrence.  Bean  Sejour 
■was  taken  and  named  Fort  Cumberland.  It  has  long  since  been 
abandoned  as  a  miliary  station,  and  the  walls  of  its  antagonist  have  fallen 
downward  to  the  earth.  The  intrenclnneut  is,  however,  still  to  be  seen." — 
Oesner'8  Nova  Scotia,  p.  35. 

Col.  Gorham  is  described  as  "  acting  the  part  of  a  humane,  good  man," 
in  his  treatment  of  the  disaifected,  p.  50. 

10 


74 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


wantonly  Involved  in  the  Horrors  of  an  Unnatural  Rebel- 
lion, and  entertain  every  humane  principle  as  well  as  an 
utter  aversion  to  the  Unnecessary  effusion  of  Christian 
Blood.  Therefore  command  you  in  hif  (ajestys  name  to 
disarm  yourself  and  party  Lnmcdiately  and  Surrender  to 
the  Kings  mercy,  and  further  desire  you  would  com- 
municate the  Inclosed  Manifests  to  as  many  of  the  Inhsi- 
bitauts  you  can  and  as  Speedily  as  possible  to  prevent  their 
being  involved  in  the  Same  dangerous  and  Unhappy 
dilema — 

Be  assured  Sir  I  shall  never  dishonour  the  Character  of 
a  Soldier  by  Surrendering  my  command  to  any  Power 
except  to  that  of  my  Sovereign  from  whence  it  originated. 
I  am  Sir 

Your  most  hble  serv' 

Jos.  GoRHAM  L'  Col.  Com*' 
R.  F.  A.  Commanding  Officer 
•  at  Fort  Cumberland — 


v'l 


Note  to  Col  Eddys  Letter  of  Jany  5,  1777. 

This  letter  is  very  important  as  it  is  most  likely  the  only 
true  account  of  the  expedition  to  capture  Fort  Cumberland 
extant.  By  reference  to  "Williamson's  History  of  Mainej 
vol.  2,  p.  451,  it  will  be  seen  that  he  gives  a  detailed  nar- 
rative of  this  expedition,  taken,  as  he  says,  from  a"  son  of 
Col.  Eddy,  who  was  with  him  at  that  time.  It  is  strange 
that  his  story  is  so  completely  erroneous.  He  states  that 
the  plan  originated  and  was  organized  in  Camberland 
county,  Nova  Scotia,  was  competed  of  residents  there,  who 
were  induced  by  persuasion,  promises  and  threats  to  join  him. 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


75 


lie  doea  not  mention  tlio  demand  made  for  the  surrender 
of  the  fort  or  the  reply.  lie  says  several  of  the  assaihints 
wore  killed  and  wounded,  and  that  their  houses  were  l)urnt 
by  the  enemy.  lie  gives  Sept.  27th  as  the  date  of  the 
attack ;  it  will  bo  seen  the  true  date  was  Nov.  10th.  It 
is  strange  tliat  Williamson  should  have  fallen  into  these 
errors,  as  many  of  Col.  lOddy's  associates  settled  at  pjdding- 
ton  in  the  vicinity  of  his  (Williamson's)  abode,  and  were 
living  at  the  time  he  wrote.  Col.  Jonathan  Eddy  was  a 
native  of  Norton,  Massachusetts,  and  was  one  of  the  emi- 
grants to  Cumberland  county,  who  were  induced  to  take 
the  grant  of  lands  there  about  1763.  This  place  wan  for- 
merly occupied  by  the  Acadians,  who  were  transported  to 
New  England  in  1755.  A  large  part  of  the  settlers  there 
were  from  Massachusetts,  and  sympathized  with  the  revolu- 
tionary movement.  After  this  repulse  they  were  driven 
from  their  homes  and  suffered  greatly.  Col.  Eddy  made  a 
second  expedition  to  Nova  Scotia  under  orders  from  the 
government  of  Mnrfsachusetts,  as  was  the  first  one,  but  he 
again  returned  unsuccessful.  See  Allan's  Journal.  At 
the  close  of  the  war  he  obtained  for  himself  and  his  com- 
rades a  grant  of  a  township  of  land  above  Bangor,  called 
after  their  old  commander  Eddington.  "  He  was  active, 
brave  and  patriotic,"  and  I  will  add  was  rash  and  lacked 
the  necessary  judgment  to  succeed  in  military  enterprises. 
He  died  at  Eddington  in  1804,  aged  78.  His  descendants 
still  reside  there  and  in  that  vicinity. 


^" 


n 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


Petition  to  the  Gen''   Court. 

"Whereas  Capt  Eddy  with  a  small  party  has  invaded  Cum- 
berland &  taken  a  guard  of  12  men  also  a  provision  Vessel' 
with  her  guard  and  a  vessel  from  Annopolis  with  produce 
for  this  place  and  has  attempted  to  storm  the  Garrison  but 
finds  it  impossible  with  all  the  assistance  he  can  raise  here 
&  as  intelligence  has  already  gone  to  Halifax,  we  are  in  the 
utmost  distress,  &  therefore  \icg  for  the  presei-vation  of  our 
lives  &  the  lives  of  our  families  for  the  immediate  aid  of 
600  or  a  regiment  of  men  if  it  may  be  with  2  Mortars 
Amunition  &  provisions  &  we  your  humble  petetioners  will 

Ever  pray 

Signed  by  the  Committee  of  Safety 

for  the  County  of  Cumberland. 

Cumberland  Nov.  Wh  1776. 


A  List  of  the  Inhabitants  of  Cumberland  Countie  in  Nova 
Scotia  Who  Left  that  Place  on  account  of  the  Enemy  and 
Arrived  at  Saint  Johns  Piver  and  afterwards  at  Machias. 


'ill 


:'?il'«l 


Elijah  Ayer 

Capt.  Obadiah  Ayer 

0) 

Capt.  Nathanel  Reynolds 

%  Ambros  Cole 

Ebenezer  Garnor 

>  S  Daniel  Thornton 

Wiliam  Maxwell 

5  Christopher  Paine 

Semion  Chester 

Nicholas  Thomas 

Robert  Foster 

Edward  Humpson 

Capt.  Jonathan  Eddy 

Lewis  Lesdernper 

Capt.  Amasa  Killan 

John  Day 

Capt.  Sam'  Rogers 

John  Eackly. 

.  -     John  Fulton 

Elijah  Ayer  Juner 

-:  1  ■ 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


77 


John  Megown 

Jonathan  Eddy  Ju'. 

James  Crayfoid 

Wiliam  Eddy 

Joseph  Sharp 

Atwood  Failes 

Mathar  Sharp 

Sam'  Failes 

Josiah  Throop 

John  Sibly 

Zebuhin  Row 

Robert  Sharp 

Anthony  Burk 

John  Stewart 

Isbroek  Eddy 

Wiliam  How 

Daniel  Eairl 

Samf  Oi-eth 

Mr.  Bradford 

Eaghtean  men 

James  Deckay 

David  Jenks 

Capt  Budrow  with  abought 

John  William 

13  Frensh. 

George  Rogers 

Zebulon  Row  Juner 

18 

Edward  Cole 

18 

28 

Arived  at  Boston  28  men 

Total  59  Men 

Besides  a  Considerable  I^umber  in  the  woods  that  would 
not  Surrender  them  selves  as  prisoners  of  war  But  are 
"VVaighting  for  Relefe  from  the  Staits.  [Most  of  these  are 
supposed  to  have  settled  in  Maine.] 


78 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Maine. 


A  Return  of  the  Indians  loho  were  present  at  the  Attack  on  Fort 
'   -      Cumberland. 


St.  John  Indians 
Govener  Ambrose  Pier 
Jolin  Coleans 
Att  Juennis 
Tomo  Squatpan 
Pier  Pruynay 
Newelis  Newel 
John  Baptist 
Pierre  Tomo 
Michael  Baptist 
Joseph  Tomo 
Jos  Tomo  jr 
Pierre  Colean 
Abaham  , 

Subabbit  La  Port 
Pazil 


of  the  Micmac  tribe 
Capt  Charles 
Andrew         • 
Pierre  Paul 
Nicholas 


Note. —  Lieut.  Chaloner  brought  to  Boston  (Dec.  20, 1776),  twenty-five 
prisoners  taken  at  Fort  Cumberland  who  were  confined  in  Boston  Jail  — 
the  officers,  Capt.  Barron,  Wm.  Collam  and  N.  Eggleston  were  kept  in  the 
jailor's  house.    These  prisoners  were  taken  by  Col.  Eddy. 

Henry  Bromfield,  of  Boston,  who  visited  the  St.  John;  was  often 
employed  in  public  business ;  in  Nov.  1776,  he  was  appointed  on  the  board 
of  war,  which  he  declined. 


m 


ALLAN'S   JOURNAL 


X. 


This  journal  is  contained  in  a  small  bound  memo- 
randum book,  in  size  adapted  to  the  pocket,  and,  although 
but  a  fractional  part  of  it  is  in  the  handwriting  of  Col. 
Allan,*  it  properly  bears  his  name,  as  it  is  the  ofiicial  daily 
record  as  briefly  as  possible  of  the  doings  while  on  the  expe- 
pedition  to  the  St.  John  river,  the  experiences  there,  and  on 
the  return,  as  well  as  the  operations  at  Machias  for  several 
months  afterwards,  embracing  a  period  of  about  eight 
months.  The  book  itself  bears  internal  evidence  of  hard 
experiences  in  its  discolored  and  faded  appearance,  and  the 
writing  shows  that  it  may  have  often  been  done  in  storms 
by  day  and  over  a  straggling  fire  light  in  the  encampment 
at  night.  It  contains  no  record  of  the  numbers  who  ac- 
companied them  through  the  great  wilderness,  but  several 
years  after  Col.  Allan  stated  they  numbered  in  all  about  five 
hundred.  Probably  most  of  them  were  Indians,  and  a  large 
majority  were  women  and  children.  Let  us  follow  this 
exodus  from  their  own  territory  to  where  they  would  be 
under  the  supervision  of  their  Moses,  and  free  from  the 
allurements  and  promises  of  the  British  agents,  who  were 
endeavoring  to  instigate  them  to  join  their  side  and  fall 
upon  the  feeble  settlements,  and  destroy  or  drive  off  their 
inhabitants. 

On  the  13th  of  July,  they  left  the  St.  John  just  below 


'  It  was  maiuly  written  by  Lieut.  Frederic  Delesdernier,  who  was  acting 
aid-de-camp.  He  was  a  native  of  Nova  Scotia,  probably  of  French 
j)arentage.  He  afterwards  resided  at  Eastport,  and  was  for  a  time  col- 
lector of  the  port. 


I 


1^^ 


80 


Kbvolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


old  fort  Meductic,  and  moved  across  the  portage  five 
miles,  to  a  bend  in  what  i»  now  known  as  Eel  river.  A  n 
Indian  informed  me  that  when  the  water  is  high  it  is  cus- 
tomary to  use  the  river,  particularly  when  bound  to  the 
St.  John  as  it  is  crooked  and  has  many  falls,  but  when 
the  party  is  bound  to  the  lakes  they  use  the  portage.  The 
next  day  they  followed  up  the  stream  to  a  pond  now  known 
as  the  first  Eel  lake,  and  having  crossed  it  they  passed 
the  Metagmuckschesli  carrying  place  and  pond  to  what 
is  now  called  I^orth  pond,  which  crossing  and  descending 
its  outlet,  soon  reach  the  north  end  of  the  upper  Che- 
putuecticook  lake.  On  the  south  side  of  this  lake  is  a 
short  port;'  ,^e  to  the  Metawamkeag  and  over  to  the 
Penobscot.  The  carrying,  place  between  Eel  and  I^orth 
lake  to  which  is  now  restored  its  long  original  name,  has 
been  the  great  Indian  road  for  centuries,  and  is  still  some- 
times used  by  them  and  hunters  who  pass  with  canoes 
from  the  lakes  to  the  St.  John.  It  bears  evident  marks  of 
long  use.  A  gentleman  of  veracity  who  lately  traveled  over 
it,  states  that  Avhere  the  narrow  file  of  Indians  passed 
over  the  flat  rocks  —  a  coarse  granite — it  has  been  worn 
down  by  their  moccasins  a  depth  of  two  or  three  inches, 
and  this  is  authenticated  from  other  sources.  It  has  un- 
doubtedly been  used  for  many  centuries,  and  may  be 
pronounced  the  most  ancient  evidence  of  mankind  in  New 
England.^  The  Indians  always  follow  in  the  same  narrow 
path,  and  no  matter  how  numerous  the  party  may  be  they 
never  widen  the  old  track  or  make  a  new  one.  A  curious 
feature  in  northern  and  eastern  ]\Iaine  is  the  facility  with 
which  the  unsettled  districts  can  be  passed  over  in  a  birch 
canoe,  with  those  occasional  links  of  carrying  over  the 
land  between  the  lakes  and  streams.     Of  the  trials  and 


*  The  writer  has  seen  rocks  worn  by  Indians'  feet  on  the  carrj-ing  jjlace 
between  tlie  Solioodic  lul<es,  but  not  so  dt2p  as  is  mentioned  here.  The 
rocli  though  Imrd  is  not  so  fiue  grained  as  that  in  Massachusetts. 


m 


Maine  and  Fova  Scotia. 


9X 


J 


privations  incident  to  removal  over  these  hard  roads  of  a 
large  number  of  women  and  children,  with  all  the  property 
of  the  tribe,  we  can  have  but  a  faint  idea.  It  must  have 
tried  the  patience  of  Col.  Allan  in  the  extreme,  as  it  will 
be  seen  by  the  journal  they  often  did  not  move  five  miles 
a  day,  which  distance  is  counted  a  day's  journey  for  Indians. 
It  must  have  been  tiresome  to  the  whites,  but  the  Indians 
are  seldom  in  any  haste  and  often  spend  a  month  on  a 
short  journey,  that  could  be  accomplished  in  three 
days.  It  will  be  seen  that  a  whole  week  was  spent  on  these 
two  beautiful  lakes  which  are  about  forty-five  miles  long, 
and  then  they  entered  the  eastern  branch  of  the  St.  Croix 
river,  which,  with  the  lakes  and  river,  now  form  our 
national  boundary.  This  river  having  numerous  rapids, 
they  found  it  very  dangerous  and  difficult  navigation  till 
they  reached  the  junction  or  west  branch,  properly  called 
the  Scoodic.  Then  they  had  to  struggle  against  the 
stream  till  they  arrived  at  what  is  now  known  as  Loueys 
island  where  they  entered  some  ponds,  which  having  passed 
they  reached  the  lower  Scoodic  lake,  the  Indian  name  of 
which  is  Gena-8or-ga-naw-gum  —  in  the  journal  it  is  called 
Passamaquoddy  lake.  Here,  on  a  slight  elevation,  they 
encamped.  This  is  now  the  site  of  an  Indian  village  and 
church.  Their  ancient  residence  was  a  point  about  two  miles 
west.  The  whole  township  now  belongs  to  the  Passama- 
quoddy tribe  by  treaty.  Here  they  reposed  for  two  days, 
when  crossing  the  lake  and  up  a  long  cove  they  landed,  and 
in  a  short  portage  reached  the  upper  part  of  the  Machias 
river,  and  so  with  much  difiiculty  in  a  few  days  arrived 
at  Machias.  The  reader  who  feels  an  interest  in  tracing 
this  long  and  weary  travel  is  referred  to  the  map  where 
their  trail  is  marked  by  a  dotted  line,  but  an  examination 
of  this  gives  but  a  faint  idea  of  the  labor,  weariness  and 
privations  experienced  in  this  long  march. 
The  journal  may  be  considered  as  one  of  the  most 
11 


m 


LI 


i'  >< 


ii  I 


82 


Revolutionary  Operattons  in  Eastern 


valuable  of  the  unpublished  documents  relating  to  the 
revolution.  The  expedition  to  the  St.  John  was  no  doubt 
planned  by  Col.  Allan,  but  the  government  of  Massa- 
chusetts entered  heartily  into  the  scheme,  as  will  be  seen 
by  the  documents  which  follow,  and  from  the  officers 
detailed  it  was  no  doubt  intended  to  send  a  strong  force ; 
but  the  calls  for  men  for  "Washington's  army  was  almost 
constant,  and  during  the  summer  of  1777,  the  invasion  of 
Burgoyne  required  larger  drafts  than  ever  before,  so  we 
may  suppose  that  but  a  small  part  of  the  intended  force 
was  forwarded  for  this  expedition.  That  part  of  the  pro- 
vince of  Nova  Scotia,  now  known  as  New  Brunswick  did 
not  then  contain  one  thousand  white  inhabitants,  but 
neai'ly  all  of  them  were  friendly  to  our  cause,  and  looking  at 
the  then  condition  of  that  country  we  may  infer  that  could 
Col.  Allan  have  been  furnished  with  only  five  hundred 
men  in  addition  to  what  he  had,  he  would  with  the  help 
of  the  three  tribes  of  Indians  have  held  that  extensive 
domain  for  our  cause,  a  new  state  would  have  arisen 
there,  and  the  wide  bay  of  Fundy  would  have  been  made 
the  eastern  boundaiy  of  the  great  republic.  Col.  Allan 
nowhere  gives  a  detail  or  aggregate  of  his  forces  on  tliis 
expedition ;  but  it  may  be  estimated  at  not  over  one 
hundred  whites  and  perhaps  fifty  to  a  hundred  Indian 
warriors,  o  force  entirely  insignificant  for  such  a  purpose, 
and  although  patriotism  and  bravery  did  all  it  could,  the 
expedition  proved  like  that  under  Col.  Eddy,  very  dis- 
astrous and  discouraging. 

I  append  a  description  of  the  Cheputnecticook  lakes 
and  river,  over  and  down  which  Col.  Allan  conducted  the 
large  party  on  the  retreat  from  the  St.  John  to  the  Scoodic 
lakes  and  Machias.  It  is  taken,  with  slight  additions, 
from  Gesner's  Topographical  and  Geological  Survey  of  Neio 
Brunswick,  published  at  London  in  1847.  The  compiler 
can  testify  to  its  correctness. 


I 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


88 


ue 

lis- 


^5 

ler 


"  The  Chepntnecticook  is  a  very  boisterous  river,  and 
broken  by  numerous  rapids  and  falls,  from  its  montli  to 
the  first  lake,  it  is,  following  the  stream,  about  seventy 
miles.  The  Cheputnectieook  lakes  are  about  forty-five 
miles  in  length,  their  breadth  is  very  irregular,  being  not 
more  than  a  quarter  of  a  mile  in  some  places  and  ten  miles 
in  others.  They  present  a  series  of  narrow  straits  and 
wide  bays  with  deep  inlets  and  creeks.  The  general  course 
of  the  chain  is  about  northwest,  and  on  its  northern  side 
there  are  a  great  number  of  deep  inlets  all  running  in  the 
direction  of  the  main  lake;  these  inlets,  numerous  islands 
and  narrow  passages,  render  the  navigation  of  this  beau- 
tiful inland  basin  very  intricate.  Notwithstanding  the 
water  is  very  deep  and  might  be  navigated  with  vessels  of 
any  burthen,  vast  white  granite  boulders  rise  tibove  the 
surface  and  are  also  seen  at  various  depths  below  itt?  trans- 
parent waters.  The  shores  are  lined  by  these  boulders, 
which  at  many  places  form  natural  wharves,  with  twenty 
and  often  forty  feet  of  water  near  their  perpendicular  sides. 
The  hills  slope  gradually  down  to  the  shores,  where  the 
blocks  of  white  granite  appear  like  solid  masonry,  and 
exhibit  a  degree  of  neatness  seldom  seen  on  the  margin  of 
lakes  in  the  wilderness.  The  numerous  islands  are  covered 
with  cedar,  spruce,  hemlock  and  birch.  The  mountains 
and  hills  of  the  shore  bear  lofty  groves  of  pine,  hemlock 
and  larch;  elm,  ash  and  cedar  being  the  production  on 
the  lower  grounds.  Universal  gloom  and  stillness  reign 
over  these  lakes  and  the  forests  around  them.  From  the 
highest  of  the  hills  no  appearance  of  clearings  or  any  sign 
of  cultivation  can  .be  seen  —  not  even  the  logging  road  can 
be  traced  far  from  the  water,  and  the  only  indications  of 
*human  industry  are  the  naked  poles  of  the  lumberman's 
deserted  camp  and  the  ancient  trails  of  the  Indians. 

Ornamented  with  islands  and  branched  with  placid  bays, 
the  Cheputnectieook  ^s  stretched  out  before  the  traveler, 


.'•1 


\ 

I. 


04 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


who  hero  views  the  country  as  it  was  before  the  foot  of 
the  European  had  pressed  the  soil,  or  the  native  occupant 
had  been  deprived  of  his  wild  inheritance.  At  present  these 
waters  are  the  summer  resort  of  the  wild  fowl  of  various 
species ;  their  shores  are  also  frequented  by  droves  of  moose, 
carabou,  deer,  bears,  wolves  and  other  animals,  and  the  water 
abounds  with  the  finest  speckled  and  salmon  trout,  perch 
and  a  species  of  salmon  called  by  the  Indians  togue,  which 
often  weighs  a  dozen  to  twenty  pounds. 

From  the  head  of  the  Grand  Cheputnecticook  lake 
there  is  a  narrow  passage  .ibout  a  mile  in  length  commu- 
nicating with  North  lake,  into  wliich  a  small  stream  enters 
from  the  northward  called  Monument  brook ;  at  its  source 
is  the  monument  fixed  by  the  commissioners  under  the 
treaty  of  1814  to  settle  the  boundary,  and  thus  far  the  line 
runs  from  near  Eastport  up  the  St.  Croix,  and  its  northern 
branch  the  Cheputnecticook  rises,  and  so  through  the  lakes 
we  have  described  to  this  point  by  water  about  one  hun- 
dred and  twenty-five  miles.  Between  North  lake  and 
Eel  river  lake  which  empties  into  the  St.  John,  is  the 
Metagmouchchesh  portage,  about  three  miles  long.  This 
was  a  currying  place  for  the  Indians  long  before  the 
country  was  discovered  by  Europeans.  Along  this  route 
they  transported  their  canoes,  their  arms  and  provisions, 
either  from  the  ancient  French  fort  at  the  Gemsec  (Jem- 
seg)  or  from  Quebec,  to  attack  and  destro}'  the  frontier 
settlements  in  Maine  and  New  Hampshire.  Their  ancient 
trails  wind  among  the  trees,  and  so  long  have  they  been 
traveled  that  the  solid  rocks  have  been  furrowed  by  the 
moccasins  of  the  native  tribes."^ 


^  The  rocks  here  are  a  coarse  granite,  and  more  easily  disintegrated  and 
worn  than  the  granite  of  Massachusetts.  As  before  stated  these  furrows 
are  two  or  three  inches  deep. 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


85 


It 

[511 

le 


Col.  Allan's  Private  Journal. 

The  following  items  are  extracted  from  a  private  journal 
of  Col.  Allan's,  and  as  they  give  some  additional  particu- 
lars previous  to  the  expedition  to  the  St.  John,  and  throw 
some  light  on  matters  mentioned  in  the  journal  as  well  as 
in  his  dispatches,  they  are  inserted  here.  *'  Feb.  15  [1777] 
wrote  to  Counseller  Powell  respecting  the  Exchange  of 
prisoners  this  matter  must  be  settled  upon,  will  write 
Gorham  if  a  proper  opportunity  otters."  Mr.  Powell  was 
the  president  of  the  council  of  Massachusetts,  who  were 
the  acting  power  in  the  state,  and  were  practically  a  board 
of  war.  "Gorham"  was  Col.  Joseph  -Gorham,  the  com- 
mander of  Fort  Cumberland.  He  probably  at  that  time 
held  as  prisoner  Mrs.  Allan  and  her  children,  and  perhaps 
some  who  had  been  concerned  in  the  attack  on  the  fort 
under  Col.  Eddy.  Capt.  Joseph  Gorham  was  a  captain  at 
the  taking  of  the  Acadians  in  1755,  where  he  commanded 
a  company  of  rangers.  He  made  an  application  to  Col. 
afterwards  Gen.  Winslow  to  detach  some  Indians  from  two 
companies  from  Plymouth  county  to  his  command  as  they 
would  be  very  useful  to  him  in  pursuing  the  Micmac 
Indians.  He  undoubtetlly  resided  in  Nova  Scotia,  and  was 
an  old  neighbor  of  Allan's. 

"  It  is  agreed  that  i\Ir.  Cross  [of  Newbury],  be  my  prin- 
cipal agent  to  Communicate  with  and  send  letters  to.  Elijah 
Ayer  of  Haverhill  to  write  to  from  time  to  time.  Mr. 
Shaw  of  Boston  is  to  manage  any  Matters  there."  "  May 
16th,  1777,  [at  Machias]  received  advices  that  the  Ship 
Vulture  of  14  guns,  was  at  St.  John  lying  before  the  old 
fort,  that  the  armed  sloop  Gage  had  gone  to  Cumberland 
to  bring  Troops  to  enable  the  Garrison  to  pursue  up  the 
river.  In  consequence  it  was  proper  to  pursue  the  follow- 
ing plan,  it  is  important  to  secure  the  interest  of  Indians 


8:  din  I 


I, 


86 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


I  will  grant  commissions  for  this  purpose  one  to  Ambrose, 
and  two  other  blank  ones  for  such  as  the  Indians  nuiy 
choose." 

I  send  off  Indians  immediately  through  the  woods,  also 
Wm  Maxwell  to  let  the  people  [on  St.  John  river]  know 
of  assistance  going  to  them  soon,  for  Capt  West  to  raise 
16  men  &  proceed  with  all  dispatch  to  Ht  John  to  annoy 
the  enemy  as  much  as  possible  till  such  time  as  reinforce- 
ments arrive  from  the  westward,  to  write  along  shore  to 
Shaw  and  others  to  raise  men  to  pursue  on  to  St  John,  for 
Mr.  Smith  [truckmaster],  to  sail  as  soon  as  may  bo  in 
the  maricheete  for  Camden  with  expresses  for  Gen  Court, 
the  Congress,  Gen  "Ward,  Benj  Grecnleaf,  Doct  Taylor, 
&Mr.  Cross. 

May  10,  Received  letters  from  the  Committee  from  St 
John  enclosing  copy  of  Col.  Gould  [British]  letter  to  the 
inhabitants,  and  their  answer,  also  one  from  Mr  Symouds, 
these  came  by  two  Indians  in  less  than  four  days,  dis- 
patched them  right  back  Francis  Sawbier,  Thomas  Squat- 
pan  —  drew  two  enlistment  papers,  one  given  to  Capt  West 
and  one  to  Leut  Scott,  the  corps  to  be  called  the  Machias 
Volunteers,  under  the  immediate  command  of  Capt.  West, 
agreed  for  Col.  Foster  to  go  &  taku  command  of  the 
whole  body,  made  out  conmiissions,  also  drew  instructions 
for  the  commander, — 20th  Jabez  West  captain,  set  off  for 
St  John  engaged  Peter  ]^aul  an  Indian  as  courier  but 
proposed  that  Capt  Ivellum  should  take  the  command — 
delivered  Lieut  Scott  a  commission  as  a  Lieut,  with  sundry 
things.  22d  Received  a  letter  from  Capt  Stephens  also 
word  that  one  Webb  was  going  to  Penobscot  to  raise  all 
the  men  he  could  got  there. 

"  May  29  Capt  How  arrived  from  the  river  St  John 
and  brought  account  that  the  British  Ship  and  Troops  that 
were  there  are  gone  off  taking  with  them  Mr  Perly.  Upon 
receiving   this   intelligence  &  consulting  with   Mr  How 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


87 


a  nnmher  of  persons  l)olongin<^  to  St  Jolin,  Cutnhorlarul, 
and  Mv  Lyon,  tlio  connnittoe  for  Mucliias  mot,  when  it  wuh 
decided  to  proceed  with  the  utmost  disimteli  with  what 
men  we  could  raise  for  St  John.  Aec;ordin<^ly  I  send 
orders  to  Capt  West  to  collect  and  nuike  return  of  liis  men 
witlj  their  ammunition,  &  be  sure  their  guns  arc  in  order, 
what  number  of  boals  and  how  many  men  they  will  carry. 

May  30th.  Fixed  off  my  people  Sc  wrote  the  Council 
by  Capt  How  also  a  copy  of  my  former  ones  by  Mr. 
Avery  agreed  with  Esquire  Jones  to  take  up  Mr  Avery 
and  others"  [in  his  vessel.] 


"M 


n 

.t 


\ 


Copy  of  Commission  lo  Lieut.  Delcsdenier. 

"By  Virtue  of  the  authority  given  me  by  the  Honorable 
Continental  Congress  as  agent  for  the  Eastern  Indians  I  do 
hereby  nominate  and  appoint  Lewis  Frederick  Delcsdenier 
to  be  my  Secretary  to  aid  and  assist  me  in  my  agenc}-,  he 
exerting  himself  to  promote  the  interests  of  the  United 
States  of  America — for  which  service  ho  is  to  receive  pay 
equal  to  that  of  a  first  lieutenant  in  the  Continental  Army 
from  the  date  hereof — Machias  May  15  1777." 

Oct.  29th.  Appointed  Lewis  Frederic  Delesdenicr  Lieut 
in  a  company  of  Indians  Stationed  at  Machias,  and  com- 
missioned him  accordingly.  For  some  account  of  Mr. 
Delcsdenier,  see  Maine  Hist.  Coll.,  vol.  4. 

The  following  is  extracted  from  Allan's  private  journal 
written  after  the  fight  at  Machias.  "  Sept  Ist  1777,  In 
the  morning  came  Ambrose  and  others  to  talk  upon  what 
is  best  in  order  to  settle  matters  for  the  Winter  which  I 
named  a  few  days  ago.     There  appears  a  jealousy  among 


% 


88 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


them,  one  vilhigo  Hiiapecting  the  other,  all  which  I  shall 
endeavor  to  Hubsido. — 

2**  Went  acroHB  to  the  Lake.  It  being  late,  could  not 
enter  upon  that  business. 

8*.  Ambrose  and  others  preparing  to  move  to  another 
Lake,  I  told  them  to  rest  Contented  a  little  longer  till  I 
heard  from  Boston  which  they  consented  to.  Keceived  a 
letter  from  Mr  Curry,  of  PasHamaquody,  giving  an  account 
of  an  Indian  belonging  to  J'cnobscot  who  had  committed 
some  great  outrages  by  attempting  to  ravish  some  women 
and  had  stolen  some  things — 

7th.  It  apjjcars  Col  Eddy  brought  down  some  blank 
commissions  which  it  seems  was  given  out  without  con- 
sideration." [Eddy  seems  always  acting  against  the  judg- 
ment of  Allan,  and  much  embarrassing  the  general  cause] 
Sent  off  ftome  Indians  on  the  road  [i.  c.  the  river  and  lakes] 
to  Passamaquody. 

"  Sept.  8.  Noel  Jacharin  and  Pier  Tomma  set  off. 
Some  Indians  from  Penobscot,  John  Neptune,  Joseph 
Mario,  his  son  Nicholas  do,  Joseph  Cook  an  Iroquois, 
Marie  Madaline,  Cook  his  wife,  Pier  iier  brother,  Attan 
Mimcoot,  Attan  she  came  with."  [It  is  a  singular  fact  to 
find  an  Iroquois  so  far  from  home;  he  was  probably  a 
Mohawk.  Very  likely  his  wife  was  a  Penobscot.]  "  Re- 
ceived intelligence  of  the  conduct  of  some  persons  on  east- 
ern shore  and  offering  Capt  Wallace  300$  paper  money 
for  100$  hard  money." 

Col.  Allan  seems  to  be  singularly  reticent  in  giving  the 
number  of  his  troops.  The  following  names  are  found  on 
the  fly  leaves  of  the  journal. 


Isaiah  Budert 
James  Crawford 
Samuel  Creigh 
John  Fulton 


Auk  paque,  June.  9th. 
June  21st 
Mr  Garderner 

'  Mr  Maxwell 
Mr  Kellam 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


89 


David  Torrill 
John  Kcllum 
John  McGowan 
John  Marsh 
Christopher  Paino 
Daniel  Thornton 
Nicholas  Thomas 
John  Sibley 


Do  Clark 
Mr  Staf 
Mr  Sharp 
Jona  Eddy 
Wm  Eddy 
El\jah  Ayres 
Daniel  Earl 
Charles  0  alter 


The  first  column  are  no  doubt  soldiers,  but  the  next  I 
think  are  his  old  neighbors  from  Cumberland,  N.  S. 


l 


r  f 


r  'I' 


' 


r 


12 


fi 


ALLAN'S   JOURNAL. 


From  the  Arrival  of  Mr.  Allan  at  MdchiaSy  llih  May,  1777. 

Maciiias  May  29'^'  1777 This  day  came  Howes  from 

St.  Johns,  who  informed  that  Col.  Gould  and  the  Vulture 
were  gone.^  The  people  had  all  taken  the  oath  of  alle- 
giance. 

30'* Sent  off  three  boats  at  12  o'clock;  then  followed 

one  boat  and  three  birch  canoes,  all  arrived  at  Cross  Island. 
Encamped.  During  our  stay  there  came  Mr.  Coffin, 
who  escaped  from  Halifax,  imparted  a  good  deal  of  intelli- 
gence, among  other  he  informed  that  Dr.  Clark,  Faulkner, 
&c.  had  escaped  from  prison.  At  10  o'clock  had  orders 
all  hands  to  embark  and  proceed. 

31** Went  through  Passamaquoddy ;  went  ashore  at 

Carapobello,  got  a  set  of  sails  from  Mr  Bell,  for  which  he 
has  my  receipt  —  went  across,  sent  one  boat  to  speak  with 
a  schooner  coming  in,  which  proved  to  be  Holly,  who 
informed  that  the  other  schooner  that  stood  in  before  him 
was  Lovet  from  St.  John.  The  heavens  all  clear ;  brought 
Mr  Wm  How. 

About  6  o'clock  p.  m.  arrived  where .  the  Indians  had 
met,^  in  this  position  two  boats  three  birch  canoes,  one 


iTlie  Vulture  was  one  of  the  British  ships  sent  round  from  Halifax  after 
Col.  Eddy's  attack  on  the  fort.  Col.  Gould  commanded  the  British  land 
forces,  and  Mr.  Allan  had  no  doubt  been  awaiting  their  departure  to  pro- 
ceed on  his  enterprise. 

'This  was  probably  at  Pleasant  Point,  the  present  residence  of  a  part 
of  the  Passamaquody  tribe. 


92 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


boat  bringing  up  tbe  rear.  First  boat  fired  two  guns, 
second  boat  three  guns,  third  boat  two  guns,  seven  in  all, 
to  salute  the  Indian  chiefs.  Returned  from  the  Shore  a 
number  of  Guns  by  the  Indians ;  Got  a  cannon  ashore  and 
fired  at  sunset. 

Immediately  after  Capt.  "West,  Mr.  Alby,  Lieut.  Scott 
set  off  in  three  boats  for  Musquash  cove,  accompanied  by 
Parson  Noble  and  Dr  Nevers. 

Passamaquoddy  Jime  1.    1777.    Sunday Set  off  from 

the  Lidians  after  a  conference,  attended  by  fifteen  canoes, 
overtook  the  boats  about  half  way  over  Mesh's  Bay,  sent 
them  forward  with  a  fair  wind.  All  hands  arrived  at 
Musquash  cove  about  10  o'clock  on  Sunday. 

Mr.  Preble^  and  two  Indians  set  oft"  to  reconnoiter;  an 
hour  after  Mr.  Allan  set  off  for  the  mouth  of  St.  John 
river,  accompanied  by  two  boats  and  as  many  men  as  they 
could  stow. 

Musquash  Cove,  Monday  June  2.  a.  m Got  the  re- 
maining boats  in  readiness  to  proceed  when  the  tide  served. 
About  11  o'clock  Mr.  Alby  arrives  express.  No  ships  or 
Regulars  at  St  John.  Proceeded  there ;  arrived  at  the 
old  Fort  about  3  o'clock  p.  m.  Landed  one  cannon  and 
discharged  it  twice  —  Signal  for  Mr  Preble  that  the  party 
was  going  over  the  fall  —  Immediately  arrived  at  Wood- 
man's Point  landing  every  thing  in  a  store  —  Rainy 
weather  —  David  Farwell  confined  for  breach  of  orders. 
Proceedings  of  the  boat  which  came  with  Mr.  Allen — 


>  Lieut.  John  Preble,  who  was  with  Col.  Allan  in  the  expedition,  was 
third  son  of  the  well  known  Brigadier  General  Preble,  and  a  brother  of 
Cora.  Edward  Preble.  He  was  born  at  York,  Me.,  in  1740.  He  was  mar- 
ried at  Machias  in  1783,  and  died  at  Portland,  of  consumption,  in  1787. 
It  will  be  seen  he  was  chosen  a  lieutenant  colonel,  though  he  never 
seems  to  have  acted  in  that  capacity ;  he  was  for  a  while  truckmaster  to 
the  Indians.    At  one  time  he  commanded  Fort  Pownal  * 


i 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia.  ' 


arrived  at  "Mechogonish"^  at  daylight  —  Mr.  Preble  ac- 
quainted that  no  Britains  were  up  —  immediately  dis- 
patched Capt.  West  and  Lieut.  Scott  with  twelve  men, 
across,  also  an  Indian  with  a  birch  canoe,  who  in  a  short 
time  took  Mess"  White  and  Hazen^ — proceeded  from 
Mechogonish,  and  arrived  at  the  Fort  at  9  o'clock  when 
Mess"  Ilazen  and  White  were  brought  across,  with  whom 
I  had  considerable  conversation. 

Tuesday  Jane  3 Mr  Allen  with  the  Fly  Boat  and  as- 
sistance, and  five  Birch  canoes  proceeded  up  the  river  St. 
Johns  about,  12  o'clock.  Left  Capt  West,  Lieut  Scott, 
Mr.  Albey  with  twelve  men  to  guard  the  Falls,  and  annoy 
the  enemy,  should  any  come  to  repair  the  fort.^     Came  up 


'  Manawagonis  is  a  small  bay  seven  miles  wesi.  of  St.  John.  Musquash 
harbor  is  southwest  of  the  former  place. 

'  At  the  period  of  Allan's  expedition  they  were  residing  at  the  mouth 
of  the  St.  John  river,  three  men  engaged  in  trading  for  furs  with  the 
Indians,  and  also  with  the  white  families  then  settled  on  the  river ;  perhaps 
they  had  done  something  in  loading  mast  ships,  a  business  of  some  im- 
portance at  that  time.  They  were  partners.  Their  names  were  Hazen,  White, 
and  Symonds,  all  natives  of  Haverhill.  William  Hazen  was  bora  there 
July  17, 1738 ;  he  was  a  brother  of  Gen.  Moses  Hazen  of  the  revolutionary 
am\3  ;  Mr.  H.  had  with  his  family  been  living  at  St.  John  some  years.  A 
native  of  Massachusetts,  his  sympathies  were  with  the  friends  of  colonial 
rights ;  but  in  order  to  protect  his  family  and  property  he  was  obliged  to 
^ide  with  the  British.  Allan  made  him  .and  White  prisoners,  but  they 
escaped  and  reaching  Halifax  gave  the  information  which  brought 
a  force  that  compelled  Allan  to  retire  up  the  river.  Mr.  Hazen  continued 
to  reside  there,  was  a  member  of  the  council  and  left  a  large  estate.  His 
family  have  been  prominent  in  that  Province  and  continue  so  to  the  pre- 
sent time.  Mr.  Symonds  was  there  as  early  as  1700,  but  the  hostility  of 
the  Indians  compelled  him  to  leave;  but  in  1704  he  returned  with  his  part- 
ners. Lik(!  them  he  was  loyal  to  the  king.  He  accunmlated  a  large  estate. 
His  son  Charles  has  held  several  oflices  of  lionor  in  the  province.  Mr. 
White  was  the  father  of  James  White,  Es(i.,  for  a  long  period  high  sheriff 
of  the  county  of  St.  John.  Capt.  Peabody  who  came  with  these  men  in 
1764,  settled  at  Maugervill'>,  and  has  a  large  number  of  descendants  there. 

'  The  fort  was  what  was  then  and  atlerwards  called  Fort  Frederic ;  it 
stood  nearly  opposite  the  falls  on  the  present  site  of  the  town  of  Carlton. 


I'  I. 


It     ! 


94 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


with  the  gundalo  with  families  from  Chebeauge,  who  had 
been  distressed  by  the  man  of  war,  and  stripped  of  all  they 
had. 

Encamped  on  Long  Island  about  nine  miles  from  Peter 
Carr's. 

Wednesday,  June  4 Arrived  at  said   Carr's  about  8 

o'clock  A.  M.,  embarked  sundries  belonging  to  Mr.  Preble  — 
proceeded  across  the  portage  at  Grimross  —  arrived  at  L. 
Mitchel's  about  12  o'clock — made  him  prisoner. 

Young  Nevers  and  John  Marsh  joined  us  —  proceeded 
up  the  river  and  encamped  on  an  island  over  against  Mr. 
Moor's — Landed  the  two  cannon  —  fired  one  —  Capt. 
Swanton  came  over  to  see  Mr.  Allan. 

Thursday  June  5,   1777^ lit  the  morning  fired   a 

gun  —  all  hands  embarked,  went  to  breakfast  near  Mr. 
Readouts  —  Treated  all  Indians  with  chacolate,  and  had  an 
elegant  repast  on  the  grfeen  —  Proceeded  a  few  miles 
further  —  landed  the  rest  of  the  people  who  had  had  much 
tatigue  —  About  1  o'clock  reembarked  and  proceeded  for, 
and  arrived  at  ^  Aukpaque  at  sunset,  under  the  discharge 
of  Indian  musquetry  —  return  the  complement,  land  the 
two  cannon,  and  discharged  them  —  three  wigwams  were 
provided  for  men  and  stores  — 

Friday    June  6 At  daybreak  fired  a  cannon  —  The 

priest's  house  provided  for  Mr.  Allan  to  live  in  during  his 
stay  —  Removed  all  the  baggage  to  said  house  and  took 
our  lodging  there.  At  10  o'clock  hoisted  the  American 
Flag  given  to  the  Indians  of  St  Johns  by  Mr.  Colson  — 
Discharged  two  cannon  on  the  occasion.  Mr.  Preble 
with  the  two  boats  went  down  the  river  to  bring  his  goods 
and  some  fresh  provisions. 


'  N.  B,  Forgot  at  Woodmau's  1  Bbl.  of  wht.  biscuit,  1  do  flour. 

*  For  locality  aud  description  of  t^.is  important  point,  see  note  to  Col. 
Allan's  letter  dated  June  17th. 


Maine  and  ISTova  Scotia. 


95 


Sent  for  a  Frenchman  who  came  from  Quebec  —  brought 
an  account  of  the  arinval  of  Gen.  Burgoyne  in  Canada, 
who  staj'e  J  at  Quebec  two  days,  and  proceeded  on  immedi- 
ately with  his  Army,  the  number  of  which  he  coukl  not 
ascertain,  but  that  a  report  prevailed  that  there  were 
40,000  Americans  at  Ticonteroga,  which  occasioned  much 
fear  and  timidity. 

Saturday  June  7 About  11    o'clock  Mr  Allen  was 

sent  for  to  the  chief  Pier  Toma's  "Wigwam  where  the 
whole  Chiefs  young  men  were  gathered  together.  Am- 
broise  St.  Aubein  soon  after  rose  and  with  a  solemn  gesture 
addressed  the  chief,  giving  an  account  of  his  embassy 
to  Boston,  his  reception  and  now  of  his  return.  At  the 
end  of  which  he  lays  at  the  feet  of  Piere  Toma  a  string 
of  waumpum  —  after  this  he  addresses  himself  to  the 
petty  chief  and  young  men,  recapitulating  over  what  he 
before  had  said  and  in  token  of  his  continued  friendship, 
he  lays  before  them  a  string  of  waumpum  —  which  they 
all  answer  in  token  of  their  mutual  friendship ;  the  whole 
concludes  with  one  voice,  that  they  would  be  all  of  a  mind 
on  what  may  be  done,  saying  also,  that  they  wanted  Mr. 
Allan  always  to  attend  their  meetings ;  they  all  then  with- 
drew. 

About  1  o'clock  Mr.  Allan  was  again  sent  for  to  ^  Am- 
broise  St.  Aubin's  wigwam,  where  a  seat  was  set  between 


1  He  was  the  head  chief  of  tlie  Maracheetes  or  St.  John  tribe.  They 
made  a  treaty  with  the  government  of  Massachusetts  in  the  council 
chamber  at  Watertowu,  July  13,  1770.  The  chiefs  who  signed  were 
Ombris  Var,  the  same  here  called  Ambrose  St.  Aubin,  Newell  Wallis, 
Francis,  Mattahew  Ontrance,  Nicholas,  John  Battis,  Charles  Petere  An- 
dre, Joseph  Denaquane,  Sabbitis  Netobcobroit.  The  Indians  acknow- 
ledged the  independence  of  the  United  States,  then  just  promulgated,  and 
agree  to  assist  them  and  induce  the  other  tribes  to  do  so,  and  they  agree  to 
furnish  men  to  go  to  Boston  and  join  the  army,  and  the  three  lust  signers 
agree  to  go  there ;  the  three  first  named  were  Maracheets  and  the  rest  Mic 
Macs. 


^-~ 


fi    ' 


96 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


'!»- 


f 


m 

: 

^■^H 

t 

ws 

the  two  chiefs.  Capt.  Nicholas  at  the  desire  of  the  rest  of 
the  chiefs  and  young  men,  rose  and  addressed  Mr.  Allan, 
welcoming  him  to  the  place,  looking  upon  him  as  their 
countryman,  who  was  obliged  to  flee  on  account  of  the 
cause  between  Britain  and  America,  their  esteem  and 
friendship  was  now  heightened  by  his  appointment  from 
the  congress  and  agent,  under  the  command  of  Gen. 
Washington,  whose  name  they  held  sacred  —  that  as  such 
they  now  received  their  friend  and  brother  Allan,  and 
from  his  connections  in  this  country  they  initiate  him  into 
the  Marecheett  Tribe,  allowing  him  the  same  power  and 
jurisdiction  which  the  late  Monsiur  Bewheban  had  when 
an  Agent  from  France,  and  in  token  of  their  sincerity,  a 
string  of '  "Wampum  was  laid  at  his  feet  in  behalf  of  the 
chiefs.  He  then  proceeded  in  behalf  of  the  young  men, 
who  promised  to  be  at  Mr.  Allan's  call  and  submit  to  his 
authority,  if  not  contrary  to  those  rules  agreed  upon  by 
the  tribe,  and  in  token  of  their  sincerity,  another  string  of 
wampum  was  presented,  when  all  the  chiefs  saluted  him. 

Pier  Tomma  the  chief  then  rose,  when  a  respectable  awe 
seemed  to  take  place  over  the  countenances  of  all  present. 
He  then  harangues  them  all  upon  the  connection  between 
the  states  and  the  Marasheet  tribe,  repeating  often  the 
name  of  Geo.  Washington. 

He  then  delivered  a  string  of  wampum  to  the  chief,  and 
another  to  the  young  men,  which  was  received,  signifying 
the  assent  of  what  he  was  going  to  do  in  respect  to  Mr. 
Allan.  The  chief  then  takes  the  two  strings  of  wampum 
from  Mr.  Allan,  and  in  behalf  of  the  whole  addresses  him. 


^This  was  the  Indian  currency  at  the  early  settlement  of  New  England, 
both  with  and  between  the  Indians  and  whites.  It  had  a  specific  value  as 
compared  with  silver,  the  true  name  was  wampeagc  —  from  wampi,  white 
and  peage,  a  black  shell.  It  was  an  important  article  in  treaties  down  to 
the  present  century,  and  was  preserved  as  the  record  of  the  treaty,  the  dif- 
ferent shells  beuig  arranged  so  as  to  assist  the  memory. 


li    'A 


, 


^- 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


97 


that  they  now  delivered  it  in  token  of  that  friendship  sub- 
sisting between  the  states  and  tliis  tribe,  and  that  with  joy 
and  ghidness  they  perceive  the  States  had  not  forgot  them, 
that  Mr.  AUan  was  welcome,  whom  they  looked  upon  in 
I  the  same  light  as  Mr.  Bewhebam,  and  that  they  wished 
satisfaction  would  be  given  on  both  sides,  then  returned  to 
Mr.  Alhin  the  Wampum,  saluting  him  at  the  same  time. 

Mr.  Allan  then  asked  the  liberty  to  speak  —  they 
answered  that  they  had  sent  for  him  to  see  their  manner  of 
proceeding,  to  welcome  him,  and  admit  him  as  one  of 
the  tribe,  and  if  he  had  any  thing  to  say,  to  call  them  to 
his  own  house,  where  they  would  have  a  conference. 

Mr.  Alhm  after  returning  them  thanks  for  the  friendship 
toward  him,  invited  them  to  meet  at  his  house  on  Monday 
at  10  o'clock  forenoon.  On  Mr.  Allan  asking  about  a 
place  to  fix  his  camp,  the  chiefs  answered  that  the  house 
belonging  to  the  Priest,  which  joins  the  Mass  house, 
should  be  for  his  use  oa  condition  that  no  profanity  should 
be  committed,  and  as  they  confided  that  he  (Mr.  Allan) 
would  not  allow  such  measures,  they  insisted  on  his  living 
there,  which  was  accepted. 

AuKPAQUE  Jane  8  1777 Early  Sunday  morning  fired 

one  gun,  and  hoisted  the  states  Colours ' —  Spoke  with  a 
Frenchman  that  intends  to  set  oft'  to  Canada  in  two  days. 
G.  Paul  arrived  from  Passamaquody  in  the  evening  —  Mr 
Preble  arrived  with  the  two  boats,  and  sundry  fresh  pro- 
visions, one  ox,  five  sheep,  &c.  Spoke  with  a  French 
woman  to  wash  and  make  clothes,  &c. 

Monday  June  9 Fired  a  gun  and  hoisted  the  colours. 

This  day  had  a  grand  conference  with  the  chief  captain 
and  young  men.     Mr  Allen  laid  a  string  of  wampum  at 


If* 


'  These  must  have  been  the  same  as  Washington  hoisted  at  Cambridge, 
Jany.  1st,  1776,  viz:  a  British  union,  i.  e.,  tlie  (  rosses,  and  the  thirteen 
stripes.    But  was  not  tlie  cross  soon  omitted  ? 

13 


<-c 


^u 


98 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


^    y 


the  feet  of  the  chief  in  token  of  gratitude  for  tlioir  initia- 
tion into  their  Tribe,  and  promiHing  to  use  liis  utmost 
influence  to  promote  this  interest  with  the  States,  and 
promising  lasting  friendship,  thereby  began  his  discourse 
as  per  notes  taken  at  the  time.  Then  followed  the  Enter- 
tainment. 

The  chiefs  made  a  grand  appearance,  particularly  Am- 
broise  St.  Aubin;  who  was  dressed  in  a  blue  Persian  silk 
coat,  embroidered  crimson,  silk  waistcoat  four  inches  deep 
and  scarlet  knit  breeches,  also  gold  laced  Ilat  with  white 
cockade.  N.  Goudain,  Blue  silk  trimmed  with  Vellum, 
and  crimson  breeches.  Hat  C4old  laced  ' — The  other  chiefs 
were  richly  dressed  in  their  manner ;  their  blankets  were 
curiously  laced  with  these  ribbons  —  All  these  dined  in 
the  inner  room  all  the  young  men  and  other  Indians  dined 
in  the  outer  room  with  me  and  I.  Marsh,  and  so  the  day 
concluded  with  diversion  and  jolity.  An  Indian  arrived 
from  the  falls  and  gave  information  that  two  of  the  inhabit- 
ants of  Gagetown  had  departed  for  Cumberland. 

Aukpaque,  Tuesday  June  10.     1777 This  day  the 

Squaw's  feast,  it  being  customary  among  these  people 
after  the  men's  feast,  the  next  day  the  women  must  be 
entertained. 

A  very  sumptuous  dinner  was  provided  for  the  ladies  of 
the  canton,  and  as  they  had  the  whole  management,  they 
invited  all  the  principal  chiefs  and  captain,  together  with 
Mr.  Allan,  and  had  the  complaisance  to  wait  dinner  till  3 
o'clock.  As  the  chiefs  delivered  their  answer  to  Mr  Allan 
as  per  memorandum  taken.  After  dinner  was  fired  three 
guns  loaded  with  balls  to  please  them.  Shortly  after 
arrived  Dr  Severs  with  his  son  and  one  Shummer  fi'oni 


I  r 


'  The  dresses  of  the  chiefs  were  very  rich,  far  beyond  what  could  have 
been  expected  they  possessed,  but  a  fondness  for  rich  dresses  is  a  passion 
in  savages,  and  they  liad  means  with  their  furs  to  procure  almost  anything 
they  desired.    The  statement  in  the  journal  is  undoubtedly  very  correct. 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


99 


the  Township's,'  also  some  Indians  from  the  upper  parts 
of  this  river.  The  evening  was  conchuleil  with  festivity 
and  dancing  of  the  young  men  and  women,  elegantly 
dressed  in  their  fashions,  adorned  with  bracelets,  breast- 
plates, and  hair  boxcM  of  silver,  curiously  engraved  with 
the  figure  of  sundry  animals,  flowers,  &c.  Two  guns  were 
fired  at  the  conclusion. 

AuKPAQUE,   Wednesday  June   11.     1777 Early  this 

morning  returned  Mr  Preble,  accompanied  by  an  express 
from  Machias,  brought  by  Serg*.  Barker,  and  two  men ; 
they  also  brought  with  them  Mess".  Hazen  and  White, 
prisoners. 

A  ship  belonging  to  the  British  King  being  arrived  at 
the  mouth  of  the  river,  received  intelligence  that  Capt. 
West  had  detained,  and  sent  to  Machias  a  prize  Schooner 
Capt.  Valpe,  also  that  he  had  detained  a  Sloop,  Farnum  of 
Liverpool.  When  the  8hip  arrived,  she  fitted,  out  her 
Barge  to  retake  her,  and  Mr.  Bromfield  of  Newberry  said 
he  heard  sundry  swivels  fired  in  consequence.  This 
gentleman  accompanied  Mr.  Hazen  to  his  confinement. 
Dr  Nevers,  &c.,  returned  down  the  river,  as  also  Mr  Noble 
who  intended  to  go  and  join. 

Capt  West  dispatched  John  Marsh  and  two  Indians  ex- 
press to  the  mouth  of  the  river.  Two  Indians  arrived 
from  the  upper  part  of  the  river. 

AuKPAQUB  Thursday  June  12.  1777, This  day  dis- 
patched two  Indians  up  the  river  with  a  string  of  Wam- 
pum as  a  token  for  the  Indians  assembled. 

Mr.  Preble  has  just  set  oft"  for  the  mouth  of  the  river 
with  Serg'  Larker,  to  act  in  conjunction  with  Capt.  West, 
sent  my  complements  and  desired  they  would  come  down. 

Received  information  that  Lewis  Marque  had   propa- 


•  There  were  some  townships  on  the  river  settled  mainly  by  emigrants 
from  New  England ;  they  were  all  friendly  to  our  cause. 


" 


100 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


gated  false  reports  reapecthig  the  Indians  taking  up  arms, 
which  much  dissatisfies  tliem — I  wrote  him  a  copy  and 
sent  oft'  fndians.  Tiiia  day  agreed  with  the  Indians  ahout 
trade  in  Nicliolas'  wigwam. 

F)'iduy  Jiuic  IS Disposed  of  a  quantity  of  the  state 

goods  among  the  Indians  —  This  evening  as  Mr.  Brom- 
field  was  walking  on  the  back  of  the  house  he  observed 
two  people  listening  as  he  supposed,  and  on  observing 
him,  they  walked  directly  away  towards  the  bushes;  he 
informed  Mr.  Allan  of  the  same  —  Immediately  the  senti- 
nels were  doubled,  and  every  one  put  himself  in  a  posture 
of  defence,  by  a  survey  of  arms,  clearing  and  loading 
Muskets.  The  Indians  soon  observed  something  was  the 
matter,  and  directly  mustered  on  being  informed  what  it 
was,  and  were  told  that  we  should  be  on  our  guard,  not 
knowing  what  might  happen,  as  the  British  King's  ship 
lay  below.  They  sent  out  a  scout  of  four  men  and  ask 
me  to  iii'e  two  camion  as  a  signal  for  them,  setting  off 
about  10  o'clock  p.  m. 

Saturday  June  14 This  morning  early  by  the  Indian's 

desire  fired  two  more  cannon.  Sent  oif  two  men  Jeaque- 
vin  and  Francis  Xaviere  Jr  for  Miramichee,  giving  them 
six  days  provisions  each  —  Mr.  Bromfield  went  down  to 
Mr.  Allertons,  and  sent  a  string  of  "Wampum  with  Mr. 
Allan's  complements. 

Aukpaque    Sunday    June     14 Sundry    Frenchmen 

came  to  worship  in  the  Indians'  church ;  Mess"  Brom- 
field, Hazen  and  White  attended  also.  Received  two 
letters  by  John  Marsh  from  Capt'  "West  and  Preble,  by 
which  received  an  account  that  Capt.  "West  had  boarded  a 
sloop,  which  the  ship  had  sQut  boats  to  rescue,  and  after 
some  firing  Capt.  "West  made  a  regular  retreat.  The  ship 
went  off  next  day,  and  all  things  appeared  clear.     ^  Col. 

'Francis  Shaw,  Jr.,  son  of  Francis  Shaw,  was  born  in  Boston,  July  28, 
1748.     He  was  probably  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  at  Gouldsboro,  Me., 


[     ". 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


101 


Shaw  arrived  at  the  mouth  of  the  river,  with  reinforce- 
ment to  our  party. 

Mondajj  Ibth  Jtme This  day  the  gentlemen  belonging 

to  Cumberland  had  a  conference  together  in  Mr  Nichol's 
Wigwam,  respecting  the  sending  back  Home  of  themselves 
to  Cuml)erland  to  get  intelligence  of  their  families  and 
agreed  to  send  a  birch  canoe  and  three  men,  but  Mr  Allan 
moved  that  they  might  wait  till  Mr  Shaw  arrived  to  which 
they  consented.  The  Indians  built  a  large  square  wigwam 
for  Mr  Allan. 

This  evening  arrived  Mr  Preble  at  11  o'clock  i*.  m. 

Tuesday  June  17,  Aukpaque Mr  Shaw  just  arrived  — 

he  fired  one  Musquet  —  We  hoisted  colors  and  fired  one 


gun, 


then  when  Mr.  Allan  and  Shaw  met  fired  another 


cannon,  they  fired  a  few  small  arms  from  the  boat.  Sent 
John  Marsh  and  Samuel  Black,  went  up  tiie  river  to  bring 
down  a  negro,  who  could  discover  a  quantity  of  English 
Goods  that  are  hid,  as  Mr  Allan  was  informed,  and  they 
brought  him  down  two  hours  after.  At  sunset  fired 
another  gun,  and  struck  the  colours.  Koll  was  called  for 
the  first  time. 

Wednesday  June  18 This  day  made  a  dift'erence  with 

the  prisoners;  ordered  that  they  should  mess  by  them- 
selves for  the  future,  not  any  of  our  people  to  join  them. 
Wrote  a  copy  of  the  letter  to  the  inhabitants  of  St  Johns 
to  send  to  the  westward,  to  be  enclosed  in  the  letter  to  the 
General  Court  N.  B.  took  the  deposition  of  Oliver  Teba- 


where  had  been  a  French  settlement  previous  to  the  conquest  of  Canada.  He 
married  Hannah  Nickels,  and  died  April  17, 1785.  His  eldest  son,  Robert 
Gould  Shaw,  was  a  distinguished  and  wealthy  merchant  of  Boston,  his 
brother,  Maj.  Samuel  Shaw,  served  through  the  revolution  as  a  captain  of 
artillery,  and  was  the  first  American  consul  to  China ;  he  was  a  man  of 
much  ability  and  a  scholar;  his  life  was  written  by  Josiah  Quincy. 
Robert  G.  Shaw  left  several  sons,  now  residing  in  Boston,  and  his  grand- 
son. Col.  Francis  G.  Shaw,  fell  at  the  head  of  the  first  Massachusetts  colored 
regiment  in  an  assault  on  Fort  Wagner  in  Charleston  harbor. 


it  ■' 


ft 

la: 


4t 


w 


102 


Revolutionary  Opruations  in  Eastern 


1    ! 


doac  against  Michael  Martiiro  for  assault  and  Battery. 
'All  oui"  i)eo[)Ie  of  Cuiuberlund  concluded  to  disperse  — 
Mr  Allan  told  nio  he  expected  only  myself  and  another  to 
stay  with  him. 

Thursday  June  19 Early  in  the  morning  Dr  Nevors 

came  from  below — no  news.  About  12  o'clock  Capt 
Kellum  and  Maxwell  went  down  the  river  in  the  Assist- 
ance, took  with  them  the  Prisoners,  Hazen,  White  and 
Mitchell,  to  put  them  under  the  care  of  Capt  West.  Mr. 
Maxwell  has  a  warrant  to  command  the  couriers  going  to 
Cumberland,  to  say  to  John  Fulton  and  John  McGown. 
No  letter  to  be  conveyed  for  any  person  whatsoever. 

After  dinner  the  Fly  Cutter  went  down  also  with  Mr 
]^reble  on  board  accompanied  by  Messrs.  Bromtield  and 
How.  Yesterday  gave  Francis  Neptune  a  copy  of  the 
agreement  of  prices  fixed  on  between  Mr  Allan  and  the 
Indians.  He  went  to  one  named  Jean  Barnabe  who  treated 
Gen.  W.  and  the  Continental  Congress  with  contempt, 
saying  that  the  Americans  were  incapable  to  make  their 
Independence,  or  words  to  that  eft'ect.  Mr  Martin  came 
to  see  Mr  Allmi.  After  a  long  sickness  died  Portuis 
daughter.  She  was  no  sooner  dead  but  they  made  the  coliin, 
and  buried  her  immediately.  Mr.  Shaw,  Mr.  Allen,  and  Dr. 
Nevers  attend  the  funeral  rite,  tho'  short,  very  solemn. 
The  corps  was  carried  to  the  chapel,  the  bell  tolling  all  the 
time.  After  a  short  prayer  they  sung  funeral  Hymns, 
that  done,  some  of  the  chiefs  bore  the  coffin  to  the  grave, 
then  another  prayer,  then  a  funeral  hj'mn ;  which  con- 
cluded, the  coffin  was  deposited  in  the  grave  and  covered. 
The  relatives  and  friends  of  her  sex  seemed  to  perform  the 
last  rite  by  taking  a  handful  of  earth  and  throwing  it  in 


'  These  are  probably  the  persons  naniod  in  the  roll  on  p.  76.  The  princi- 
pal force  must  have  been  now  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  ;  there  he  sends 
the  prisonei-s  Ilazeu,  White  and  Mitchell,  who  were  New  England  men, 
but  did  not  sympathize  in  our  cause. 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


108 


I  i 


the  gmve.  Tmmedintely  the  wigwnm  is  8trnck  and  re- 
nu)ved  into  the  thickest  purtot'tho  vilhige,  tliat  the  parents 
luny  not  feel  so  lonesome  by  renmining  iit  the  spot  whore 
they  lost  their  dear  child.  I  attended  when  she  died  and 
it  was  very  aU'ecting  to  see  the  parents  embrace,  and  take 
their  final  leave  of  the  expiring  daughter. 

From  this  day  Mr.  Allan  intends  to  give  a  ration  of  pro- 
visions to  a  maim'd  Indian  lad,  to  continue  as  long  as  the 
states  have  possession  of  the  river. 

Fi'idaij  June  20  1777 Just  arrived  the  two  Indians 

that  went  to  ^Meramechee,  and  the  two  from  Meta- 
weshcaugh.  No  new^  from  Mcramchee,  but  reports  that 
the  shops  and  stores  are  quite  empty ;  no  provisions  except 
fish. 

Two  ships  in  the  environs,  and  some  talk  that  there  are 
two  or  three  hundred  men  in  arms.  Mr.  Bourk  returned  to 
Cocagne  the  express  in  about  54  hours.  In  the  evening 
fired  two  guns. 

Salanlaji   21 This  morning  at  sunrise  fired  a  wall 

piece,  and  two  cannon,  and  hoisted  colours.  Mr.  A  Han 
dispatched  sundry  letters  on  to  the  General  court  by  Dr. 
Nevens,  one  to  tlie  committee  at  Machias,  acknowledging 
the  receipt  of  those  of  the  7th  inst.  thanking  them  for  their 
advice,  and  so  far  from  taking  umbrage  at  Col.  Shaw's 
being  equal  in  command,  is  well  pleased  that  he  is  so,  for 
he  is  willing  to  act  in  the  most  inferior  office  in  the  service 
of  the  United  States.  The  multiplicity  of  business  pre- 
vents his  being  particular,  excuses  for  not  writing  before ; 
after  consultation  thinks  it  better  for  Col.  Shaw  to  return 
and  leave  the  command  with  Capt  Dyer;  expects  soon  to 
go  to  Meramechee.  P.  S.  a  few  words  for  ^  Deacon  Libby ; 
desires  the  committee  to  assist  Mr  Preble  in  his  business 


' 


\ 


*  Jleramichi. 

» Deacon  Libby  was  a  very  active  Whig  at  Machias. 


T^ 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


for  dispatch.  One  letter  to  John  Preble,  hoping  he  has  got 
the  provisions — desiring  him  to  use  expedition  for  Machias; 
to  be  particular  to  observe  the  enclosed  memorandum,  and 
to  keep  an  exact  account.  The  truckmaster  to  spare  an 
assortment  with  Air  Andros'  [Andrews?]  goods  if  the 
schooner  should  arrive,  bring  her  along,  if  thought  expe- 
dient after  consulting  Capt.  Smith  concerning  forces  coming 
from  the  westward,  to  use  dispatch;  also  a  letter  to  Stephen 
Smith.  •  •  -" 

This  evening  had  a  short  conference  with  the  Indians 
from  ^  Metawescaugli  to  welcome  them. 

Aukpaque  June  21.  Sat This  morning  hoisted  Flag 

and  fii'ed  two  cannon  and  a  wall  piece.  Mr.  Allen  had  the 
^  Metaweshaugh  deputies  to  breakfast  with  him,  after  which 
Col.  Shaw,  with  whom  went  Dr  Nevers,  set  off  for  Machias. 

Gave  Plummer  a  permit  to  go  to  Newoury,  also  took 
bonds  fi'om  him  and  put  on  board  sundry  furs  and  skins 
belonging  to  the  United  States.  On  Mr.  Shaw's  putting 
off,  fired  two  Guns,  which  he  answered  with  a  wall  piece 
and  small  arms.  Got  dinner  ready  for  the  Metawehaugh 
Indians,  when  the  barge  arrived,  bringing  Dr  Clark,  Capt. 
Star,  Robert  Sharp,  two  Eddys,  Elij  Ayers,  Mr.  Earl  & 
Chas.  Ilolton,  who  imparted  considerable  intelligence  from 
Cumberland,  some  very  agreeable. 

Sunday  June  22 This  morning  I  was    awaked  by 

Ambrose  to  fire  a  cannon  and  hoist  colours — a  rainy  day. 
a  great  number  of  French  i.  tend  at  the  chapel.  Mr  Allan 
made  an  agreement  with  one  to  take  bills  as  a  currency 
that  the  Indians  and  they  may  trade — his  name  is  Lewis 
Lejune.  In  the  evening  fired  a  cannon  and  struck  the 
colours.  Drew  several  copies  of  the  articles  of  trade  and 
commerce  agreed  upon  by  &  between  the  Indians  and 
Mr.  Allan,  in  French  and  English. 


•  Now  written  Madawasca. 


i  i 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


105 


Monday  June  23,  Aukpaquk This  day  the  Indians 

had  a  grand  solemn  feast  to  treat  Mr.  Allan  and  the 
Indian  Strangers.  Every  man  brought  his  dish  and  spoon. 
After  eating,  every  man  a  sufficiency,  the  ceremony  began, 
which  was  as  follows: 

One  of  the  Strangers  named  '  Washington  from  Matar- 
^  /eshcaugh,  rising  up,  proposed  in  a  short  discourse,  a 
song  on  the  occasion,  t  irhich  was  given  unanimous  con- 
sent in  their  manner  ot  ignifying  it.  Then  began  the 
song  with  a  strong  articulation  by  the  whole  company. 
After  singing  awhile  he  first  shook  Mr.  Allan  by  the 
hand,  and  next  the  Chiefs  according  to  rank,  then  sung 
the  remainder  of  his  song,  Saluting  all  the  young  men  sat 
down  ;  as  did  another  stranger  from  Metaweshcaugh,  then 
Piere  Toma  performed  the  like  ceremony,  tho'  I  observed 
this  difference  that  he  shook  the  strangers  by  the  hand 
before  he  did  Mr.  Allan,  as  did  the  one  that  performed 
next  to  him.  Then  rose  Francies  Xaviere,  who  performed 
for  Mr.  Allan  with  applause,  then  Old  Rini  Portuis  made 
a  discourse,  begging  that  his  son  might  be  admitted  to 
perform  his  part ;  then  the  young  man  arose  and  went 
through  with  applause,  he  first  shook  Mr.  Allan  by  the 
hand,  next  the  strangers  and  sat  down,  then  rose  up  an 
Old  Man,  Paul  Schesh  Neptune  who  in  his  discourse  ap- 
peared very  jocose,  for  he  moved  the  whole  assembly  to 
laughter.  He  began  his  song  and  performed  tlie  aforesaid 
ceremony  with  much  ease  and  seemed  very  complaisant. 
Next  rose  Ambroise  St.  Austin ;  there  was  something  in 
his  demeanor,  august  and  noble.  lie  likewise  first  took 
Mr  Allan  by  the  hand,  then  the  strangers,  but  took  no 
notice  of  P.  Toma.  Conscious  of  having  performed  this 
ceremony  with   sincerity,  he  sat  down  with  great  com- 


r 


*  This  nsinic  had  been  lately  assumed,  and  shows  how  popular  it  had 
akeady  become  among  these  distant  savages. 

14 


[ « 


106 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


posure.  Peter  Paul  Lorette  acted  the  last  part,  then  the 
scene  was  closed,  by  every  man  moving  off  with  his 
platter  in  his  hand. 

The  above  ceremony  is  a  confirmation  of  the  Treaty 
and  agreement  between  them  and  Mr.  Allan.  Serg*. 
Foster  in  a  boat  just  arrived  from  the  mouth  of  the  river 
for  provisions,  spoke  with  Mess"'.  Shaw  and  Preble  at 
Grim  Ross  —  all  well  below. 

Aukpaque    Tuesday  June  24,   1777 This    day  the 

Indians  of  Metawescaugh  set  off  home,  gave  them  copies 
of  the  agreement,  respecting  trade  and  commerce,  also 
gave  a  copy  of  the  same  to  Jean  Baptis  Neptune,  Chief  of 
Passamaquoddy.  John  Marsh  went  down  to  Maugerville 
for  supplies.  Mr.  Allan  sent  a  very  particular  letter  to 
Mr.  Redoupt,  of  commendation  for  his  attachment  to  the 
cause,  desiring  him  to  procure  something  wanting,  and 
sent  off  Foster  in  his  boat.  Gave  Elijah  Ayers,  Jon*.  & 
"W".  Eddy  a  pass  to  go  to  Cumberland  —  they  carried 
Letters  for  Dr.  Clark,  Carlton,  Mr  Lane,  Mr  Gardner, 
and  Robert  Sharp,  by  Mr.  Allan's  order,  desired  Elijah 
Ayers  not  to  deliver  some  of  said  letters  without  consult- 
ing Mrs.  Allan.  Ayers  promised  to  open  all  the  letters 
before  he  delivered  them,  also  Mr.  Allan  wrote  the  Gene- 
ral Court. 

Wednesday  June  25 Mr  Maxwell  came  up  the  river 

from  the  Falls  with  Fulton  and  McGov/n  —  bro'  the  news 
that  unfortunately  they  let  Lewis  Mitchel  escape  from 
them,  (which  may  be  of  the  worst  consequence)  from 
below  Caris :  Received  two  letters  from  Col.  Shaw,  and 
from  Ayer  and  West,  respecting  some  difficulty  among 
the  people  on  account  of  their  provisions  being  short ;  Mr 
Shaw  recommending  Lieu'  Longfellow  for  Commissary, 
Dyer  and  West,  also  John  Foster  for  do  —  Also  received 
intelligence  that  Mr.  J.  Perley  has  arrived  on  the  river  — 
Mr  Maxwell  brought  two  Halifax  Papers  full  of  insipid 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


m 


nonsense.  A  boat  was  ordered  immediately  to  go  down 
with  Mr.  Gardner,  to  bring  Mr  Perley  up.  Hall  and 
Penis  deserted,  Tuesday  June  17. 

Thursday  June  2Q In  the  afternoon  John  Marsh  re- 
turned, as  did  the  boat,  bringing  Mr  Perley  —  they 
brought  some  refreshments,  &c.  Mr  Perley  informed  that  * 
Mr  Franklin  is  appointed  by  government  agent  for  the 
Indians  with  a  salary  of  £300  per  annum.  The  govern- 
ment said  there  were  10,000  men  to  reinforce  Howe's 
Army.  Mr  Butler  25,000,  and  that  the  Adamant  came 
in  company  with  the  Fleet,  but  Mr  Phillips  of  Annapolis, 
N.  S.  a  great  Government  man,  observed  to  Mr  Perley, 
that  they  could  not  reasonably  expect  to  receive  any  rein- 
forcement in  Halifax  —  They  will  not  permit  the  printer 
to  print  any  London  news,  he  is  not  permitted  even  to  see 
any  papers  except  those  of  New  York,  how  then  can  they 
be  informed  of  the  truth  ?  Receive  intelligence  that  all 
the  people  of  Cobequid,  N.  S.  were  to  remove  about  the 
Popish  Priest  [these  were  probably  Acadians]. 

Friday  June  27,  1777 This  day  assembled  the  chief 

Captaih  and  young  men  of  the  Merecheete  tribe,  and 
informed  them  of  all  the  intelligence  brought  by  Mr 
Perley,  and  read  them  the  letter  sent  by  the  secretary  of 
the  Province.  All  the  above  may  be  seen  at  large  in  the 
memorandum  taken  at  the  conference. 

Sent  two  Indians  in  a  canoe  to  convey  Mr  Perley  home, 
just  arrived  from  the  mouth  of  the  yiver,  with  whom  came 
Lieut  Longfellow  as  express ;  Mr  Allan  rec**  sundry  Let- 
ters, and  information  of  the  king's  ship  the  Vulture  of  34 
Guns  having  arrived  there.  The  letters  were  two  from 
Mr  Shaw,  and  two  from  Mr.  Preble  giving  an  account  of 
a  skirmish  between  the  Britains  and  our  party,  the  latter 


m 


M,ff 


'  Remained  the  British  iigeut  to  the  Indians  for  many  years.    Mr.  Per- 
ley was  a  resident  on  the  river  and  was  a  Arm  whig. 


108 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


had  the  advantage  and  prevented  the  heats  from  landing, 
which  were  manued  with  40  men.  Supposed  that  the 
enemy  lost  and  wounded  8  men.  Mr  Preble  makes  great 
complaint  of  ill  usage  from  Mr  Barker,  Jr.  had  some 
difficulty  with  the  boats  crew  which  detained  him  two 
days,  and  that  Hazen  and  Simmons  jeered  our  officers, 
saying  that  they  made  breastworks  of  women  and  children. 
Mr  Shaw  had  much  difficulty  with  the  party,  provision 
being  scarce^  To  some  he  promised  billeting  money,  and 
gave  security  for  their  pay.  All  the  furs  put  on  board 
the  Sch^  Plummer  master,  are  brought  back  again.  In 
the  evening  Mr.  Allan  convened  the  Indians,  and  im- 
parted to  them  an  account  of  the  skirmish  our  people 
had  with  the  Britons,  related  by  Lieut.  Longfellow  as 
followeth.^  On  Monday  23d  inst.  about  12  o'clock 
arrived  the  ship  and  anchored  within  cannon  shot  of 
Simmons'  where  our  pai'ty  lay.  They  immediately  hoisted 
out  two  boats  which  were  full  manned,  each  mounting  a 
swivel.  They  rowed  toward  the  shore.  On  perceiving 
some  of  our  people  holding  up  their  heads  from  behind 
ambuscades,  they  instantly  fired  swivels  and  small  arms. 
Our  people  returned  their  shot,  and  the  skirmish  lasted 
several  minutes  and  prevented  the  boats  from  landing,  but 
kept  them  at  a  distance,  laying  on  their  Oars  till  our 
people  discharged  about  six  rounds  each  ;  when  a  signal 
being  made,  the  boats  returned  to  the  ship  our  men  per- 
ceived with  spy  glasses  that  they  helped  many  of  their 
men  up  the  ship's  side.  None  of  our  people  were  hurt ; 
one  had  the  top  of  his  cap  shot  oif. 

June  28  Sat This  evening  came  Mr  Preble  from  the 

mouth  of  the  river,  who  reports  that  on  Thursday  a  ship 
supposed  to  be  the  Milford  T^'rigate,  by  description,  and 
the  Gage  Sloop.     The  Vulture  fired  two  guns  as  a  signal. 


'  For  the  British  account  of  this  skirmish  see  Campbell's  letter  further  on. 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


109 


on  which  the  sloop  went  along  side  the  Vulture,  the  fog 
coming  on,  could  discover  nothing  more  before  Mr 
Preble  came  away,  but  in  the  morning  heard  several 
cannon;  a  small  schooner  coming  after,  overtook  the 
canoe  and  informed  that  they  heard  45  guns,  besides  a 
number  of  small  arms. 

Sunday  June  29 Had  a  conference  last  night  and  this 

morning  with  the  Capt.  and  young  men  of  this  tribe. 
Piere  Toma  is  determined  for  Halifax,  but  the  rest  are 
opposing  him  unanimously.  In  conference  Mr  Allan  told 
them  he  did  solely  as  an  American,  but  of  this  community ; 
they  immediately  agreed,  and  even  determined  to  stick  to 
their  promise.  About  12  o'clock  set  oiF  for  the  mouth  of 
the  river,  three  birch  canoes  containing  Mr  Allan  Dr 
Clark,  self  and  7  Indians,  and  a  Whale  boat  with  Capt. 
Star  Houlton,  Sharp,  Maxwell  and  three  hands.  Stoped 
at  Redout  with  whom  Mr  Allan  had  a  long  conversation. 

A  little  before  we  saw  Peter  and  Cain  Casey,  eleven 
days  from  Cumberland,  the  families  all  well.  They  had 
news  at  Peticoudiac,  that  it  was  reported  at  Halifax  that 
Mr  Allan  had  been  wounded  in  a  skirmish,  and  had  gone 
back  to  Boston  to  get  cured,  and  that  ten  whale  boats 
were  seen  to  go  through  Passamaquoddy,  supposed  bound 
to  St.  John,  on  which  300  men  were  ordered  to  strengthen 
fort  Cumberland,  and  200  to  take  post  at  the  mouth  of  the 
river. 

Stopped  at  Mr.  Perley's,  had  much  conservation  with 
him  as  also  at  Capt  Quantains,  who  had  a  severe  repre- 
mand  for  speaking  against  our  proceedings  on  this  river. 
I^ext  stopped  at  Lieut  Duets  where  we  cooked  supper, 
and  were  on  all  night. —  About  11  o'clock  in  the  Grand 
Reach  brought  too  a  wooden  canoe, 
Mond  June  30,  Plumer  on  board  who  left  the  mouth  of 
the  river  yesterday  at  10  o'clock.  All 
our  men  in  good  spirits,  no  enemy  lauded  as  yet  —  another 


i 


110 


Revolutionary  OPBRi^TI0NS  in  Eastern 


boat  in  sight  —  she  came  ashore  and  proved  an  express. 
Mr  Noble,  John  Steel  &  8on,  bro'.  in  the  same  sundry 
letters,  and  intelligence  from  the  westward  &  very  agree- 
able—  also  received  information  that  his  majesty's  ship 
Ambuscade  came  to  the  harbour  yesterday ;  they  came 
away  last  night  about  10  o'clock.  In  the  Grand  Reach 
just  arrived  all  the  party  that  were  stationed  at  the  mouth 
of  the  river  in  five  boats. 

Last  night  Col.  Shaw  set  off  for  Machias  with  two  men. 
Early  this  morning  our  guard  Stationed  at  the  Reach, 
perceived  a  sloop  among  the  Mehognish  Islands,  towed  by 
boats,'  then  saw  a  Barge  coming  from  the  mouth  of  the 
river,  and  shortly  after  saw  seven  more  lying  upon  their 
oars,  about  a  mile  distant.  The  guard  dispatched  informa- 
tion to  the  main  body.  Immediately  some  brave  men, 
about  30,  went  to  lay  in  ambush  in  the  road  that  conducts 
to  the  Falls,  and  at  the  distance  of  Gun  shot  perceived  the 
enemy  coming  and  prepared  to  attack,  when  &uddenly 
they  found  themselves  surrounded  by  a  flanking  party  on 
either  side,  their  numbers  being  much  superior  they  were 
obliged  to  fly  with  the  loss  of  five  men  killed  and  taken. 

There  being  but  two  days  provisions,  they  retreated  up 
the  river,  till  they  met  the  canoes  that  conveyed  Mr.  Allan 
down,  we  all  retreated  together,  all  night. 

The  enemy  landed  about  150  men  in  the  eight  barges. 

Magerville  Jvly  1.  Tuesday Arrived  at  Maugerville, 

where  we  dined  the  boats  rendavous'd  on  Mauger's  Island 
where  Mr.  Allan  went  to  give  orders. 

Forward  provisions  and  other  necessaries  from  the  in- 
habitants, many  of  whom  were  very  forward  to  supply  us. 


'  These  ships  with  a  force  on  board  had  come  round  from  Halifax,  in 
consequence  of  intelligence  having  been  sent  there  by  the  loyalists  from 
St.  Johns;  but  if  Allan  had  been  reinforced  lie  would  no  doubt  have  been 
able  to  have  kept  possession  of  the  river. 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


Ill 


In  the  evening  proceeded  to  lledouts  after  stopping  at 
sundry  places.  Just  at  dusk  the  Guard  boat  came  up, 
bringing  two  of  our  five  men  that  were  missing;  the  one 
slightly  wounded,  gave  information  that  the  enemy  had 
returned  on  board,  after  scalping  the  two  men  they  had 
killed  of  ours  and  the  other  very  badly  wounded,  who  they 
very  inhumanly,  threatening  to  scalp  him  if  he  did  not 
discover  their  companion's  retreat.  Our  dead  and  wounded 
were  taken  care  of  by  the  inhabitants,  who  reported  that 
the  enemy  had  lost  10  or  12  men  for  a  certainty. 

AuKi'AQUE  July  2.  Wednesday Arrived  here  about  11 

o'clock,  leaving  a  canoe  with  Marsh  and  two  Indians  to 
bring  up  intelligence.  Marsh  had  orders  to  apprise  the 
inhabitants  that  we  expected  the  British  up  the  river. 
The  Fly  cutter  and  Cumberland  boat  arrived  soon  after 
us.  Mr  Allan  had  a  conference  with  the  Indians^  and 
related  to  them  all  the  intelligence  he  received  from  the 
westward. 

In  the  evening  the  chief  came  to  Mr  Allan  and  begged  he 
would  write  a  letter  to  the  commander  of  the  forces 
belonging  to  the  British  king  at  the  mouth  of  the  river, 
it  being  their  desire  in  conjunction  with  deputies  from 
Metawashcaugh  and  Meductec.  John  Marsh  arrived 
without  intelligence  of  the  enemy.  Maxwell  went  down 
with  three  men  to  bring  up  beef — Dr.  Nevers  set  oli'for 
the  townships^  about  o'clock,  Just  fired  two  cannon  sent 
a  letter  to  Capt.  Dyer  by  Dr.  l^evers. 

Thursday  July  3,  1777 This  morning  arrived  Lieut 

Scott,  who  brought  a  letter  from  Capts  Dyer  and  "West, 
requesting  permission  to  retreat  to  Passamaquoddy  as 
many  of  the  men  were  very  uneasy,  and  unwilling  to  stay, 
if  not  permitted,  determined  to  go  without  leave.     This 


'■''1*-,. 
^^''J 

w 


% 


*  "  See  memorandum  taken  at  the  time."    This  has  not  been  preserved. 

*  These  were  Gagetown  and  Maugerville. 


TT 


ill! 
'II' 


112 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


day  arrived  Dr.  Nevers  who  had  a  narrow  escape  from  the 
enemy  (who  were  coming  with  all  speed)  to  bring  us  intel- 
ligence. 

Fired  two  guns  and  a  small  arm  to  bring  down  Am- 
broise.  The  Indians  came  to  a  consultation  on  the  critical 
situation,  and  resolved  to  meet  the  Soldiers,  that  Mr  Allan 
should  stay  along  with  the  families,  and  return  with  them. 
Immediately  they  took  down  their  bell,  struck  their  camps 
and  removed.  On  the  men's  going  off  two  cannons  were 
fired.  The  Cumberlaudcrs  being  alone,  came  to  a  resolu- 
tion to  remove,  to  prevent  being  surprised.  First  all  the 
effects  worth  removing,  cannon,  &c.  were  carried  and 
concealed  on  an  Island,  then  all  hands  crossed  the  river 
which  busied  us  three  hours,  and  took  us  till  near  mid- 
night when  all  was  over.  Scott  being  very  uneasy  wanted 
to  rejoin  his  party,  detei'mined  Mr.  Allan  to  go  to  where 
the  Indian  families  were  to  procure  a  canoe  to  conduct 
him  to  Oramoucto  River.  After  paddling  all  night, 
having  missed  the  place,  went  6  or  7  miles  up  the  river 
(Oromucto),  without  findi'ig  saifl  families,  returned  and 
arrived  where  they  were  about  9  o'clock  much  fatigued. 

Friday  July  4 After  dispatching  Mr  Scott  with  John 

•Marsh,  who  were  to  go  and  pilot  that  party  to  Machias, 
we  went  to  join  our  Cumberland  people,  and  inform  them 
of  the  news  brought  by  a  Frenchman  that  one  George  (so 
named)  had  informed  that  200  Soldiers  were  to  set  off'  this 
morning  in  quest  of  Capt.  Dyer's  party,  100  to  come  in 
quest  of  Mr.  Allan  and  his  band. 

All  hands  removed  a  little  further  up  the  river,  to  a 
French  house,  where  we  took  some  refreshment.  Mr 
Allan,  Mr  Preble  and  Self,  went  again  to  the  Indian  fami- 
lies ;  sent  our  two  canoes  round  the  Island.  On  our  arrival 
there  John  Marsh  had  just  I'eturned.  Being  informed  by 
the  Indians  below  that  early  in  the  morning  50  Soldiers 
were  sent  off  to  take  us,  and  all  the  families,  removed 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


118 


further  up  by  their  husband'H  request.  After  sending 
iuteiligenco  to  our  people,  we  went  up  with  the  faniiHes, 
it  being  tlie  Indian's  desire  that  Mr.  Allan  should  keep 
along  with  them.  "VVe  came  to  the  upper  French '  settle- 
ment late  in  the  evening. 

Saturday  Jab/  5 This  day  several  of  the  Indian  canoes 

came  up,  as  did  Ambrose,  informing  that  Piere  Toma  and 
4  men  went  on  board  the  British  Vessels,  after  disputing 
very  hard  with  the  captains  and  young  men,  who  were 
determined  to  go  and  attack  the  rear  of  the  soldiers  that 
went  up  Oraraoucto,  but  Piere  Toma  relin(piishing  a 
certain  i-esolution,  and  in  this  extremity  coiuplying  with 
the  desire  of  the  other,  the  contest  between  them  subsided. 
After  they  had  embarked  for  the  attack ;  this  Mr  Preble 
received  from  Nich".  Ilawariea;  also  was  told  Mr  Franklin 
was  on  the  river,  who  at  iirst  wanted  a  conference  with 
Mr  Allan,  but  afterward  observed  he  was  so  bad,  he  could 
not  see  him  unless  a  prisoner. 

Sunday  July  6 At    the   upper    settlements.       This 

morning  sent  off  John  Marsh  and  Piere  Paul  for  Mr 
Preble's  articles  that  were  concealed  down  the  river. 
About  noon  all  the  Indians  came  up  except  Piere  Tomma,  • 
Piere  Jo.  Jeaquienue  and  Francis  Blackducks,  who  went 
aboard  the  British  vessels,  and  will  stay  until  they  hear 
the  event  of  the  ^Oramoucto  party.  John  Marsh  and 
Piere  Paul  brought  up  the  Furs  and  Mr  Preble's  things. 
Had  a  conference  with  the   Indians  in   Magrole's  barn, 


*■■'  I; 

ill 


if 

1 1 


>  These  were  Acadians  who  had  escaped  across  the  bay  at  the  time  of 
the  removal  of  their  friends  by  General  Wiuslow  in  1755 ;  they  were 
generally  friendly  lo  our  cause.  After  the  war  was  over  the  English  drove 
them  from  their  possessions  at  the  point  of  the  bayonet,  and  they  retreated 
up  the  river  far  into  the  wilderness,  and  now  form  the  Madawusca  settle- 
ments, part  of  which  are  now  within  the  limits  of  Maine. 

'^It  is  probable  this  party  went  up  that  river,  and  probably  down  the 
Magudavic,  and  so  to  Passamaquoddy  and  Machias. 

16 


ij  «■ 


114 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


where  Mr.  Allan  made  a  very  moving  speech  respecting 
his  and  his  people's  situation.  Resolved  to  send  two 
Indians  to  pilot  them  to  Machias  as  soon  as  possible.  The 
Indians  were  all  unanimous  in  opposing  the  enemy,  but 
implicitly  followed  Mr.  Allan's  advice  with  regard  to 
keeping  peace  as  long  as  possible.  Went  down  about 
sunset  to  mass  roll.  Then  Aukpaque  Island  to  get  some 
things  we  had  hid  there.  On  going  round  the  Island  found 
the  Britons  were  at  the  chapel.  On  consulting  Jo.  Toma, 
concluded  to  go  round  the  Island  back  again  and  endea- 
vour to  speak  with  our  Cumberland  people,  but  found  the 
Britons  had  cut  us  off. 

Still  bent  to  give  information  to  our  people,  landed  near 
a  French  house  where  we  came  very  near  being  taken 
about  2  o'clock  in  the  morning.  As  soon  as  we  found 
how  narrowly  we  escaped,  went  on  an  Island  and  tarried 
but  a  short  time,  when  I  heard  the  cries  of  a  man  in  much 
distress.  They  surprised  our  people,  one  of  whom  on 
trying  to  escape  was  stabbed  with  bayonets  which  caused 
the  cries  I  had  heard.  Concealed  ourselves  on  the  Island  — 
heard  but  few  guns  fired. 

Monday  July  7 About  9  o'clock  heard  the  enemy 

fix  our  boat  they  had  taken,  and  row  off.  We  went  on 
the  main,  carried  up  our  canoe,  and  set  oft"  up  the  river 
through  the  woods,  concluding  the  enemy  had  secured  the 
passes  of  the  river,  and  had  gone  in  pursuit  of  Mr  Allan, 
who  they  were  determined  to  take.  Came  out  at  the 
French  house  where  we  had  left  the  Indian  families  and 
Mr  Allan ;  found  they  had  retreated  8  or  10  miles  further 
up.  We  joined  them  in  the  evening,  found  most  of  the 
Cumberland  people  had  escaped.  ^  Piero  Toma  came  back, 
informed   that  the   enemy  had  but  three  of  our  people 


*  He  seems  to  have  been  a  wary  politician,  playing  with  both  sides,  and 
always  appears  to  have  been  a  troublesome  fellow.        ^  


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


115 


prisoners,  viz.  Samuel  Creight,  Jolin  Fulton,  aiul  Ja". 
Crawford,  and  two  ran  ott'  in  the  woods,  who  came  to  us 
the  (lay  after. 

Until  Sunday  night  the  Cumherlandera  every  night 
retired  to  the  woods  and  placed  sentries ;  but  this  night 
the  French  told  them  they  did  not  think  the  enemy  would 
come  up  there.  Provisions  being  short,  they  separated 
and  went  to  various  houses,  that  they  might  not  crowd 
together  in  one,  whicli  proved  their  great  safety  ;  for  other- 
wise they  must  inevetably  have  been  taken.  The  French 
did  all  they  could  to  save  our  people,  and  for  their  recom- 
pence  had  their  houses  burnt  and  plundered,  and  some  of 
themselves  made  prisoners  by  the  enemy. 

Beaciiy  Island,  on  the  river  St.  Johns  Taesdcuj  July  8 

Sent  two  Indians  up  to  Mcducteck  to  bring  down  the 
trunk  of  papers  Mr  Preble  carried  up  there  with  him. 
Sent  Isaiah  Boudreau  and  two  men  to  procure  provisions 
from  the  French  and  in  the  afternoon  went  down  with  two 
canoes  on  the  same  errand,  but  found  the  inhabitants  very 
adverse  to  supplying  us  through  fear  of  suffering  for  it,  as 
Mr.  Franklin  forbid  it  on  the  penalty  of  destroying  them. 
Took  one  bushell  of  corn  by  force,  and  return  to  Beachy 
Island. 

Wednesday  Jiibj  9 Rain  all  day  — sent  Capt  Star,  Mr 

Howe,  Dr.  Clark  and  others,  ten  in  all,  to  take  provisions 
where  they  could  find  'em.  In  the  evening  the  Indian 
families  moved  to  Bear  Island.  Yesterday  two  Indians 
that  had  gone  on  board  with  Piere  Toma  returned  bringing 
this  intelligence,  that  the  Enemy  said  Capt  Dyer's  party 
were  like  Devils,  and  believed  half  Indians.  They  went 
after  them  with  five  boats,  that  three  had  returned  with 
some  wounded  men ;  that  the  enemy  were  determined  to 
follow  Mr  Allan  to  the  gates  of  hell  to  take  him ;  They 
intended  to  follow  him  to  Meductec.  Piere  Toma  bro't  a 
message  from  Franklin  to  Ambroise,  desiring  him  to  come 


\ 


ii 


I    ' 


fP=Tr 


IIG 


Revolutionary  Opeuations  in  Eastern 


and  see  him,  but  ho  replied,  thsit  French  officers  nnd  En^- 
HhIi  oiKcers  also,  alwayH  Avrote  when  they  wanted  any 
thing  of  him,  and  verl>ally  replied,  he  woidd  not  go  to  weo 
him.  I'iere  Tonia  wan  much  dejected  to  see  himself 
abandoned  and  deserted  by  all  the  Indians,  and  none 
would  return  with  him  on  board,  as  he  had  promised,  but 
his  son  with  their  families.  In  the  '  'ng  wo  all  removed 
to  the  main.  Our  people  returnc  wrought  a  Cow  and 
some  Indian  meal.  Dr  Clark  had  been  at  Aukpu([ue,  in 
the  chapel,  brought  away  the  English  colour^,  which  had 
been  hoisted  by  I'iere  Toma  for  a  confereuce. 

Thursday  J uhj  \Q (.\\v  people,  being  determined  to 

go  to  Machias,  divided  the  provisions  among  them  and 
prepare  for  the  journey,  and  the  same  evening  removed  to 
the  place  of  their  departure.  This  day  Piere  Toma  went 
down  to  Mr  Franklin  according  to  promise.  Another 
canoe  went  down  to  the  French  Village  for  corn.  Mr 
Allan  (myself  and  Boudrcau)  which  only  are  to  stay  with 
him,  moved  up  to  Bear  Island.  '  "ee  young  men  of 
Cumberland  remained  to  go  there  i  elligence  — David 

Terrell,  John  Mc  Gown,  and  Jon*.  Euuy. 

Friday  July  11 : Ambrose,  Son  and  Piere  Benoit  set 

out  to  Pilot  our  people  to  Machias,  to  the  number  of  21. 
I  set  off  for  Medocteck,  where  I  arrived  in  the  evening, 
after  much  fatigue  in  poling  up  the  canoe,  where  I  found 
Mr  Preble,  Dr.  Nevers,  Lieut'.  Longfellow  and  Scott, 
agreeing  with  Indians  to  convey  them  to  Machias.  The 
canoe  that  went  down  Avith  Piere  Toma,  returned  with 
their  corn  —  heard  the  enemy  had  returned  to  Aukpaque. 

Saturday  July  12.  Meducteck Mr  Allan  arrived  with 

Ambroise  and  rested  here.     Nothing  material  transacted. 

N.  B.  There  are  many  material  matters  past  since  last 
Sunday,  omitted,  for  Mr  Preble  in  the  confusion,  carried 
away  the  trunk  of  papers  as  aforementioned,  and  could  not 
get  them  for  some  days,  in  which  time  many  things  are  forgot. 


Matnb  and  Nova  Scotia. 


117 


Sinulai/  Jiihj  13 ^^  a'  stroum  of  St.  Johns  river,  re- 
moved across  the  carryinf?  ])lace  from  Meductick  toward 
the  liead  ot  Pay^amaquody  river  about  live  miles.  It  is 
incredible  wlmt  difficulties  the  Indians  undergo  in  this 
troublesoinc  time,  where  so  many  families  are  obliged  to 
fly  with  precipitation  rather  than  become  friends  to  the 
Tyrant  of  Britain,  some  backing  their  aged  parents,  others 
their  maimed  and  decrepid  brethren,  the  old  women  lead- 
ing the  young  children,  niothers  carrying  their  infants, 
together  with  great  loads  of  baggage.  As  to  the  canoes, 
the  men  nuike  it  a  play  to  convey  them  across.  Yestenhiy 
morning  sent  two  Indians  to  the  first  French  inhabitants 
for  intelligence,  and  we  wait  their  return  before  we  move 
hence. 

Mondwj  Juhj  14 On   the  stream  across  Meductick^ 

carrying  place —  The  Indians  that  went  down  yesterday 
morning  just  returned  without  having  any  communication 
with  the  French  inhabitants,  for  the  enemy  had  footing  there. 
This  is  the  uppermost  settlement  on  the  river  St  John. 

Mr.  I'reble,  Dr.  iSTevers,  Lieut'.  Scott  and  Longfellow 
this  ins.  'it  set  out  for  Machias.  We  proceeded  up  the 
stream  fui     or  five  miles  and  stayed  this  niglit. 

Tuesday  July  15 Proceeded  further  up  the  aforesaid 

stream,  over  difficult  falls,  till  we  arrived  at  the  Pond  and 
went  across  the  same  (called  Metagraouchschesh'')  and 
encamped  at  the  entrance  of  the  portage,  where  we  over- 
took Mr.  Preble  and  the  others  that  had  gone  before. 
Here  the  Indian  which  came  some  days  before,  killed 
several  Moose. 


.ri'l 


•  Eel  river.  He  means  the  Passamaquoddy  waters,  or  those  running 
into  the  waters  that  flow  into  that  bay,  in  coutra-dlstinction  to  the  St. 
John  waters.    See  the  account  of  tliis  portage  on  page  80. 

*01d  Fort  Meductic  was  probably  a  former  trading  post  of  the  French. 

'  This  name  is  not  to  be  found  on  any  of  the  maps.    It  is  now  restored. 


118 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


Mr.  Allan  was  very  ill  all  last  night  and  this  day  with 
the  sick  head  ache,  and  disordered  stomach,  but  was  better 
this  eve«. 

Wednesday  July  IQ Carried  over  Metagmoughschesh 

portage  about  four  miles,  and  there  encamp,  the  Indians 
being  much  fatigued  in  carrying  canoes  and  baggage. 

Mr.  Preble,  Dr  IiJ"ever8,  &  Lieut".  Scott  and  Longfellow 
proceeded  for  Machias,  by  whom  sent  orders  to  get  the 
Indians'  prize  money  (their  share  of  the  prize  sloop  taken 
at  Cumberland)  without  delay. 

Thursday  July  17 "Went  over  a  pond*  and  proceeded 

through  a  very  narrow  pass  about  two  miles,  then  entered 
the  large  lake  which  gives  rise  to  several  rivers.  On  the 
S.  W.  Side  of  the  same  is  a  carrying  place  to  go  to  Penob- 
scot river.  We  went  about  7  leagues  mostly  a  south 
course  till  we  entered  the  outlet  into  Scoodic  river  [or 
rather  the  lower  lake],  where  we  encamped  about  three 
days  journey  from  Machias. 

Friday  July  18 This  day  Mr.  Allan  prepared  to  send 

me  off  to  Machias  for  supplies.  Wrote  a  letter  to  Capt. 
Smith  on  various  subjects  to  be  kept  secret.  One  to  Capt. 
Wing  to  bring  the  Schooner  to  Scoodic  ^  river,  and  one  to 
the  Committee  of  Safety  at  Machias.  For  the  first  time 
put  on  Indian  dress,  determined  to  wear  it  in  Machias. 

Saturday  July  19 Mr  Delesdenier   set  off  early  this 

morning  with  two  Indians  in  a  birch  canoe,  Piere  Joe  & 
Francis  Xavier  for  Machias,  with  express  orders  to  dis- 
patch the  two  Indians  immediately  back,  and  he  to  wait 
to  get  the  Mareechute  ready  to  come  into  Scoodic  river 
with  provisions  and  refreshments.  A  number  of  Indians 
arrived  about  4  o'clock  p.  m.     Went  off  this  morning  into 


1  Is  now  called  North  poud  on  the  maps. 
« St.  Croix  river. 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


119 


the  Lake  to  see  if  any  canoes  were  C(5ming.  The  Indians 
brought  word  that  they  heard  firing  at  Meductic. 

Sunday  July  1Q Early  this  morning  a  large  Moose* 

passed  with  great  speed  through  our  camp,  the  Indians 
and  dogs  in  pursuit,  but  did  not  come  up  with  him.  Con- 
tinued at  the  same  encampment — nothing  material  hap- 
pened. 

Monday  July  21 Fine   clear  weather,   with    much 

wind  from  the  S.  W.  Nicholas  Nauhawua  grandper  & 
Mary  Moody  with  their  families  set  off  for  the  other  lake,  in 
order  for  hunting.  Provisions  very  scarce  —  Lewis  killed 
a  Moose  this  morniUj^,,  which  proved  of  much  service. 
Sent  off  Ambroise,  and  all  the  other  Indians  aftci*  Birch 
Bark  to  make  canoes.  In  the  afternoon  went  to  Horatio's 
"Wigwam,  a  Penobscot  Indian  there,  with  whom  had 
much  conversation  respecting  the  times.  He  appeared 
very  judicious  and  intelligent,  appeared  fully  acquainted 
with  the  dispute  between  America  and  Britain,  held  his 
land  as  an  indubitable  right  from  the  Almighty  &  none 
had  a  right  without  his  consent  to  take  it. 

Tuesday  July  21 Continued  at  same  encampment  — 

Ambroise  returned  in  the  morning  with  birch  bark. 
About  sundown  Joseph  Toma  and  other  Indians  arrived 
bringing  intelligence  of  their  seeing  St.  Nicholas,  who 
informed  him  that  the  Indians  were  much  at  variance  in 
Canada.  Some  are  one  way  and  some  the  other  —  that  a 
string  of  wampum  was  sent  to  the  Penobscot  tribe  from 


B  4 


^  It  is  a  curious  fact  in  natural  history  tliat  at  tbc  period  of  tlie  revolu- 
tion tliere  were  no  deer  east  of  the  Penobscot,  nor  till  about  the  com- 
mencement of  the  present  century.  Col.  Allan  made  a  list  of  everj-  kind 
of  skins  sold  by  the  Indians,  and  the  prices  he  wou.'d  paj",  but  the  deer 
skin  does  not  appear  in  the  list.  It  may  be  that  the  wolves  had  driven, 
and  for  a  long  time  kept  them  away.  Some  years  now  they  are  plenty 
and  then  in  a  hard  winter  the  woh  as  are  numerous  and  the  deer  disappear 
for  a  year  or  two. 


Il 


120 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


Canada,  inviting  them  to  come  —  that  some  had  gone  in 
canoes  but  had  not  returned,  and  it  was  supposed  had 
joined  the  king's  party  and  meant  to  detain  as  many  as 
possible — that  a  large  tribe  of  Indians  above  Montreal 
had  divided,  that  the  Catawas  were  with  the  party  who 
eided  with  America,  and  advised  the  party  to  oppose  the 
other,  which  they  would  assist  as  soon  as  they  returned  to 
their  own  country,  and  expel  those  adherents  of  Britain 
from  the  land:  In  the  evening  arrived  Pierre  Paul  and 
some  women  in  three  canoes  from  Meductic  —  no  news 
whatever  concerning  the  war. 

Wednesday  July  23 No  provisions  in   the   camp  — 

about  10  o'clock  we  get  oft"  across  the  little  portage,  went 
down  some  falls,  crossed  a  second  portage  and  came  into 
the  great  lake  of  Schoodic  [More  properly  the  Cheput- 
neticook]  have  a  fine  wind  to  the  westward.  Canoes  when 
about  a  third  of  the  lake  over,  went  ashore  where  wt 
found  old  Pierre  Joe,  who  had  killed  two  moose  and 
wounded  a  third,  where  the  company  then  all  propose  to 
continue  till  next  morning ;  had  a  great  feast  in  the  even- 
ing at  Ambroise's  Wigwam,  the  canoes  being  much  loaded, 
the  men  were  obliged  to  take  some  of  these  families,  con- 
sequently I  was  obliged  to  intercede  for  Ridout  &  me  to  go 
together. 

Thursday  July  24 Decamp  at  about  7  o'clock;  a  fine 

fresh  breeze  from  the  I^orthward,  canoes  all  under  sail, 
stood  down  the  lake.^  About  one,  arrived  at  where 
Nicholas  Haw  an  and  othei's  were  encamped,  who  had  killed 
three  Moose. 

We  stayed  about  two  hours  and  all  hands  got  off —  Got 
out  of  the  lake  about  six  o'clock,  and  entered  Schoodic 
river,  a  considerable  current  running  —  passed  four  falls, 
two  of  which  very  dangerous,  and  the  last  of  the  two,  by 


For  description  of  liese  lakes  and  river,  see  page  82. 


Maine  and  Kova  Scotia. 


121 


Burdall  not  stowing  pi'operly,  we  stove  one  end  of  tlu; 
canoe,  which  occasioned  a  stop  to  repair  it.  About  sun 
down  arrived  where  we  encamped  for  the  night.  Ralwate, 
the  Penobscot  Indian,  came  and  had  some  discourse  on 
matters,  and  wanted  to  bring  the  Penobscot  tribe  with  the 
St.  John's  tribe,  which  I  defered  till  I  heard  from  Machias. 

Friday  July  25 Left  our  encampment  early  in  the 

morning,  passed  four  rapids,  then  came  to  a  great  fall 
where  the  women  and  children  debarked  and  went  across 
a  small  point  r*'  laud.  We  then  embarked  —  found  a 
moose '  killed  and  dressed,  which  was  left  by  those  who 
went  first,  for  the  use  of  the  others.  Proceeded  and  passed 
four  or  five  very  disagreeable  rapids  and  falls,  and  through 
several  very  fine  lakes,  which  have  on  their  borders  fine 
intervale  land.     About  five  o'clock  met  Mr.  Delesdernier 

4 

from  Machias,  from  whom  received  several  necessary 
articles  with  a  satisfactory  account  of  matters  from  the 
westward.  Received  several  letters  from  my  friends  and 
otliers,  which  gave  some  inward  satisfaction  and  amuse- 
ment in  this  forlorn  state  —  Having  received  some  liquor 
I  invited  all  the  Indians  to  my  Wigwam,  Avhere  we  spent 
two  or  three  jovial  hours,  in  taking  a  glass  after  our 
fatiguing  jaunt,  relating  and  communicating  the  news.  I 
treated  the  Squaws  with  a  glass  of  wine. 

Saturday  July  26 Nothing  material. 

Sunday  27 Schoodic  River  —  Still  remained   in  the 

same  encampment  —  Rainy  weather  —  Jo  Quasine  joined 
us  —  No  news  of  Pierre  Paul,  who  went  astray  in  Schoo- 


"1 

r 


it 


Us, 

by 


•  This  is  a  common  practice,  by  hunfers  wlio  have  friends  coming  after 
tliem,  and  often  leave  some  directions  at  a  landin<^  or  portage  cut  in  a 
picture  on  a  tree,  tluis  a  representation  of  a  canoe  upset  would  caution 
them  to  look  out  for  a  dangerous  rapid  just  ahead  —  a  representation  of  a 
canoe  with  two  Indians  in  it,  with  the  sun  over  it,  shows  they  had  passed 
there  at  noon.  A  white  man  is  represented  as  wearing  a  hat.  Many  of 
these  ancient  guide  posts  still  remain  in  the  forests  of  Maine. 

16 


'  lid 


^ 


122 


Revolutionary  Operations  .n  Eastern 


die  lake  —  The  Indians  had  a  consultation  and  resolved 
to  go  with  their  families  near  Machias. 

Monday  28 All  hands  embarked,  went  down  the 

river  and  up  a  branch  which  they  call  Pasmaghs,  stemmed 
the  stream  up  to  the  entrance  of  Passamaquoddy  lake, 
where  were  the  first  squad  —  arrivc<'  about  5  o'clock.  All 
the  canoes  arrived  about  sundown,  t  >.  onty  seven  in  number, 
and  encamped  on  the  easterly  part  of  the  Lake,^  veiy 
pleasant  and  delightful  to  behold,  the  lake  being  pretty 
large,  with  some  Islands,  which  renders  the  scene  agreeable. 

In  conversation  with  Joseph  Tomma,  I  found  that  the 
French  Priests  (advocates  for  Britain)  had  debared  the 
Indian  from  marrying — would  not  authorise  any  father 
to  perform  the  ceremony,  nor  yet  do  it  themselves,  also 
told  them  if  they  offered  to  do  such  an  act,  the  person 
officiating  would  be  prosecuted  in  Halifax  by  the  govern- 
ment ;  such  power  and  ascendancy  have  these  miscreants 
over  these  poor  people. 

Tuesday  July  29 Passamaquoddy  lake  —  In  the  morn- 
ing very  heavy  rain,  and  continued  squally  all  day. 

Dispatched  a  letter  to  Col  Lowther  at  Penobscot,  also  a 
string  of  wampum  to  the  Indians  there.  Delivered  to 
Cohoret  in  form,  in  presence  of  Ambrois  and  other  Chiefs 
and  Captains,  with  a  speech,  in  which  it  was  briefly  set 
forth,  the  cause  of  the  dispute  and  the  invasion  and  en- 


'  This  is  the  lower  Schoodic  lake,  now  called  by  the  Indians  Gena-sor-ga- 
naw-giim.  The  writer  can  testify  to  the  beauty  of  this  lake ;  it  is  still 
surrounded  by  a  forest.  Some  two  hundred  of  the  Passamaquoddy  tribe 
make  their  residence  here,  among  whom  he  has  often  encamped  when  on 
hunting  and  fishing  excursions,  and  on  Grand  lake  stream  which  connects 
it  with  the  Witte-quer-caw-gum  or  Grand  lake ;  the  fishing  is  superior  to 
any  other  locality  he  has  ever  visited.  A  fisherman  can  often  land  thirty 
to  forty  salmon  trout  in  a  few  hours ;  they  are  very  uniform  in  size,  weigh- 
ing about  two  pounds  each.  See  Schoodic  lakes  on  the  map.  It  was 
among  the  Indians  here  that  some  of  the  documents  in  this  volume  were 
found.  ,        .    '  '■ "   . 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


123 


croachraent  of  the  Britains  upon  tlie  Territories  of  the 
Marasheet  Tribe,  which  all  should  duly  consider,  desiring 
him  to  communicate  as  far  as  Canada  our  proceedings, 
and  invite  all  to  a  conference. 

Wednesday  July  30 The  Penobscots  set  ofl"  early  in 

the  morning  for  Penobscot.^ 

About  5  o'clock  sent  oiF  Mr.  Delesdernier  with  two 
Indians  in  a  birch  canoe,  for  provisions  for  the  Indians ; 
Soon  after  all  the  canoes  set  off  for  our  journey  —  came  to 
the  carrying  place,  which  appears  about  two  miles,  there 
embarked  having  very  little  water,  came  to  another  carry- 
ing place  about  IJ  mile,  very  bad  road,  then  embarked, 
went  about  three  mile  in  a  small  stream,  found  the  water 
so  shoal,  was  forced  to  make  a  road  to  carry  canoes  and 
baggage ;  embarked  again,  came  to  another  carrying  place, 
which  was  about  three  miles,  a  miserable  Road.  Seven 
canoes  and  families,  where  we  encamped  about  sundown. 

Thursday  July  31 The  rest  of  the  Indians  came  across 

early  this  morning  —  During  this  part  of  the  journey  it 
appeared  a  doleful  scene,  with  the  aged,  decrepid  and 
infants,  the  heavy  baggage,  canoes,  &c.  made  it  veiy  dis- 
tressing —  Set  off  down  Machias  river. 

When  in  the  great  Lake,  discovered  a  large  moose  which 
we  fired  at  and  wounded,  but  did  not  get  him  —  A  strong 
wind  coming  on,  with  rain  put  ashore  and  encamped  for 
the  night. 

Friday  Aug^  1 Set  off  a  little  after  sunrise  —  Fine 

day  —  passed  many  very  disagreeable  rapids  —  came  into 
a  fine  lakp,^  went  ashore  and  mended  the  canoes  :  Met 
Lewis  Stone  with  some  necessaries.     We  all  moved  down 


m 


1  .1 


1  Passing  up  through  the  Schoodic  lakes  to  the  Sicladohsis,  a  short  port- 
age leads  to  the  head  of  canoe  navigation  on  the  Passadumkeag  river,  and 
80  on  to  the  Penobscot ;  it  is  the  ancient  trail  and  is  still  used. 

'  Now  Crawford  lake  in  the  town  of  the  same  name. 


124 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


the  river  and  encamped  about  20  miles  from  the  settle- 
ment of  Machias,  where  I  distributed  the  provisiono,  which 
I  received,  among  them. 

Saturday  Aug.  2 Set  off  very  early  in  the  morning 

with  all  the  canoes.  Fixed  on  a  place  for  a  camp  for  the 
families.     All  the  men  with  some  of  the  women  went  on. 

Came  to  the  battery,  where  we  were  Saluted  by  the 
Maracheet  &  the  Shore  —  took  a  little  refreshment  and 
moved  on  to  the  falls,  where  we  were  again  saluted,  dined 
altogether  at  Mr  Mayhews,  where  every  thing  appeared 
agreeable. 

Sunday  Aug.  3 Delivered  the   several  families  two 

days  provisions,  and  about  one  o'clock  they  all  set  out  for 
their  encampment,  but  Ambroise  and  Nicholas  Hawawesch, 
who  dined  with  me  at  Mr  Mayhew's,  and  in  the  afternoon 
went  to  meeting. 

Monday  Aug.  4 A  number  of  Canoes   returned  to 

trade  during  their  stay ;  in  the  time  of  trafic  behaved  with 
sobriety.  ' 

l\iesday  Aug.   5 Fine   day  —  Sundry   more  Indian 

canoes  came  up  to  trade  and  get  provisions  — assisted  at 
the  store  as  I  did  the  day  before  —  Indians  Merry  — 

Wednesday  Aug.  6 This  day  Jean  Baptist  Neptune, 

and  Noel  Priest,  arrived  from  Passamaquody,  and  sundry 
others,  Avho  reported  that  one  of  their  canoes  going  on 
board  a  little  sell  laying  in  the  harbour,  they  perceived 
a  man-of-war  barge  coming  to  said  schooner,  and  ceased 
paddling,  not  willing  to  trust  themselves  too  nigh,  when 
the  Lieut,  ordered  his  people  to  fire  upon  them  from  on 
the  sell  (of  which  he  had  taken  possession)  to  bring  them 
too,  but  the  Indians  not  knowing  their  meaning,  shoved 
off,  upon  Avhich  two  more  guns  were  fired  upon  them, 
which  has  much  exasperated  them,  and  are  resolved  to 
take  vengeance  of  the  affront,  saying  the  Britton  told 
them  to  use  their  arms  to  kill  their  food,  and  they  would 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


125 


do  the  same  respecting  them,  but  the  Indians  judi- 
ciously observed  this  —  "  Do  the  Torys  intend  making 
food  of  us  and  eat  Indians"?  Some  of  the  Indians 
contradicted  this.  Mr  Bent  arrived  from  Ilortou  N.  S. 
this  evening. 

Thursday  A^ig*-    7  Had   a  conference  where  the 

Maracheet  Tribe  lay'd  down  a  knife  as  a  declaration  of 
tljeir  intention  to  take  up  arms.  Receiving  intelligence 
from  Passamaquody  that  a  sloop  owned  by  John  Avery 
(who  was  on  board)  was  loading  there,  Capt  Preble  with 
ten  Indians,  and  a  party  of  volunteers  set  out  to  take  her. 
The  Indians  were  in  high  spirits,  particularly  Joe  Toma, 
brother  to  Ambrose,  conductor  of  the  Indians  on  said 
expedition. 

Machias,  Friday  Aufj.  8, 1777 The  Indians  removed 

up  Coupcheswick,^  or  "Western  river,  to  put  their  families 
in  security,  after  providing  themselves  with  provisions. 
Yesterday  Col  Shaw  went  from  this  to  Gouldsborough  — 
This  day  several  people  arrived  from  the  westward  — 
nothing  material.  This  evening  had  news  of  the  arrival 
of  the  Penobscot  Indians,  at  the  encampment. 

Saturday  Aug''   9 All  day  veiy  busy  at  the   store, 

and  delivered  provisions  to  the  Indians  for  a  week,  Am- 
broise  very  much  dissatisfied  at  some  of  the  Indians  con- 
duct, as  also  with  Col.  Shaw,  for  tricking  his  son  out  of 
his  gun,  when  they  went  up  to  see  General  "Washington, 
and  in  lieu  thereof  gave  him  one  good  for  nothing  at  all. 
Mr  Allan  promised  it  should  be  made  up  to  him. 

Sunday  Aug''   10  Maciiias This  morning  Capt.  Pre- 
ble returned  from  Passamaquody — missd  of  the  sloop-  they 


)  'ii 

■i4 


.! 


f 


'1 


'  Coupclieswick  is  undoubtedlj'  the  ancient  name  of  the  west  Machias 
river ;  let  the  name  be  preserved. 

» This  sloop  was  no  doubt  loading  lumber  there ;  it  would  be  interesting 
now  to  know  in  what  port  of  that  extensive  bay,  or  river  entering  it,  then 


.-1T 


126 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


went  after.  Some  of  the  Indians  tarried  to  come  along 
with  others  bringing  their  families  along  this  way.  They 
seem  to  be  gathering  from  all  quarters  to  join  the  main 
body.  This  evening  N.  Goudin  came,  and  with  him 
Johnot  Dini,  and  J.  B.  Neptune.  He  imparted  some  news 
to  Mr  Allan  of  the  St.  Johns  atfairs. 

Monday  Aug^     11 Delivered  sundry  provisions   to 

the  Indians,  which  took  up  the  best  part  of  the  day. 

Received  intelligence  from  Gouldsborough,  that  three 
ships,  one  brig  and  a  shooner  were  seen  off  there,  standing 
from  the  westward.  Most  persons  conjecture  it  may  be 
our  fleet,  but  more  probably  the  enemy ;  which  put  people 
to  some  consternation. 

Capt.  Smith  caused  some  of  the  public  stores  to  be  se- 
cured up  Middle  river. 

T'xesday  Aug*  12, 1777.  Machias This  day  the  Penob- 

SQOt  Indians  arrived.  Entertained  them  at  the  house  of  Mr. 
Allan  hired  for  the  purpose.  They  seemed  well  satisfied 
at  their  reception,  went  out  to  lodge  at  the  main  camp. 

Wednesday  Aug^   13 This  day  had  a  conference  with 

the  Penobscot  deputies,  together  with  chiefs  of  the  Merich- 
citte  and  Passamaquody  tribes,  where  several  strings  of 
wampum  were  reciprocally  interchanged,  in  token  of 
lasting  friendship  between  all  parties  —  for  particulars  see^ 
memorandum  taken  at  the  said  meeting,  which  ended  in  a 
feast,  at  which  were  present  Col.  Eddy,  Major  Stillman, 
Capt.  Smith  and  many  other  officers  belonging  to  the 
army — In  the  midst  of  festal  joy,  received  the  unwelcome 


had  saw  mills ;  it  is  often  mentioned  that  vessels  came  there  for  lumber, 
although  no  settlements  of  any  note  existed.  There  were  some  individu- 
als engaged  in  fishing  or  trading  in  the  bay.  Possibly  the  saw  mill  was 
at  Magadavic. 

1  The  minute  accounts  of  these  treaties  would  now  be  very  interesting 
but  they  cannot  be  found. 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


127 


news  of  the  arrival  of  three  Ships,^  one  brig  and  one 
Sehooner.  Tlie  British  forces  come  to  destroy  this  place. 
This  evening  the  brig  came  np  to  the  battery,  who  on  her 
coming  took  Long's  Sloop.  She  met  with  a  good  recep- 
tion from  the  Batteries,  where  Capt.  Smith  of  the  Militia 
Maj'.  Stillman  of  the  Army,  joined  by  Col.  Foster  from 
Eastern  river,  in  all  abont  Twenty  eight  men  were  posted  — 
Next  morning 

August  14'* Being    something  foggy,   the   enemy 

landed  at  the  Rim,  which  our  people  could  not  prevent, 
who  abandoned  the  Battery,  after  securing  the  cannon. 
They  had  worked  all  night  with  indefatigable  diligence  to 
fix  an  anchor  to  the  boom,  which  they  etlected,  tlio'  it 
proved  of  little  use.  The  enemy  after  landing  took  pos- 
session of  the  Battery  &  Burnt  two  houses  and  a  barn 
adjacent.  In  the  evening  they  made  their  hostile  appear- 
ance, advancing  to  the  falls,  towed  by  a  number  of  boats. 

The  sight  was  terrifying  to  behold !  They  arrived 
opposite  White  point  about  7  o'clock,  where  immediately 
all  their  boats  were  manned  and  prepared  for  landing. 
The  prize  Sloop  before  mentioned  they  had  made  a  strong 
baricado  of,  but  to  our  great  surprise,  we  observed  four 
boats  strung  to  the  Sloop,  and  five  to  the  Brig,  and  towing 
down  again  without  firing  a  gun,  and  we  supposed  it  to 
be  only  a  feint,  but  since  conjecture  they  saw  too  much 
opposition,  for  Capt.  Smith  and  Col.  Foster,  with  a  strong 
party  posted  on  "White  point  to  dispute  their  landing 
there,  sundry  parties  posted  at  several  advanced  points 
and  a  battery  at  Libby's  Hill,  out  of  which  we  fired  several 
cannon,  to  let  them  see  we  were  prepared ;  also  a  strong 


m 

$\ 
if 

;r 


I  ''It' 


1  It  seems  almost  providential  that  Col.  Allan  with  his  party  should 
have  arrived  to  take  part  in  this  action.  Cols.  Allan  and  Foster  both  sent 
particular  accounts  of  it  to  the  Massachusetts  government  which  are  pub- 
lished in  this  volume. 


n' 


128 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


breast  work  at  the  Liberty  Pole;  Indians  running  over 
the  hills,  making  hideous  yells  for  the  onset,  for  which 
they  were  eager.  All  this  I  mention  undoubtedly  intimi- 
dated them,  and  caused  their  returning  down,  which  we 
perceived  with  joy. 

Immediately  Maj'  Stillman,  and  a  number  of  Volun- 
teers set  otf  to  annoy  the  enemy  and  watch  their  motions, 
to  the  nun>ber  of  twenty  five  men,  myself  of  the  number. 
About  9  o'clock  we  came  abreast  of  them  at  Libby's  point 
half  way  between  the  falls  and  breast  work  where  we 
began  a  very  brisk  fire  upon  them  to  their  great  surprise. 
The  action  continued  till  between  11  and  12  o'clock. 
They  fired  very  smart  from  swivel  and  gun,  loaded  with 
kmgerage,  and  many  small  arms. 

We  had  no  shelter  at  all  but  scattering  woods,  yet 
providentially  lost  but  one  man  killed  dead. 

The  brig  run  aground  and  all  hands  called  on  board, 
we  could  annoy  them  no  more,  so  we  quit  them  and  re- 
turned. 

Fridai/  Aug^  15,  1777 Our  people  retook  possession 

of  the  Battery  and  breastwork  opposite,  from  which  they 
must  distress  the  enemy  and  cut  otf  whole  boat's  crews  to 
a  very  few,  scarce  any  to  return  aboard  here. 

Capt.  Farnsworth  received  a  wound  which  fractured  his 
skull  a  little.  Here  our  people  picked  up  a  barge  that 
had  been  taken  by  the  enemy,  belonging  to  parson  Lyons, 
set  adrift  from  the  brig.  A  party  went  on  the  Balhead, 
and  much  annoyed  the  enemy's  barges  going  to  and  from 
a  ship  that  lay  at  Parker's  Mills.  Here  some  Indians 
behaved  gallantly,  exposing  themselves  openly  to  the 
enemy's  shot  without  fear,  and  contrary  to  the  custom  of 
Indians,  the  whole  squad  was  out  this  day  on  different 
parties.  In  the  afternoon  Capt.  Smith  caused  a  Gun,  that 
the  enemy  had  not  found,  to  be  placed  on  a  Point,  called 
Manchester's  Point,  below  the  River,  which  played  imme- 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


129 


(liutely  on  the  brig's  stern,  which  laiUcd  lier,  and  diunagetl 
the  boats  that  lay  alongside.  Two  thirds  of  the  time  of 
firing  rain  came  ob,  and  being  flood  tide,  favoring  the 
enemy's  escape,  the  brig  was  warped  ont  by  the  sloop,  and 
they  withdrew  this  evening. 

tkiUirda;/  Awf  10 This  morning  the  enemy  removed 

to  Round  Island  —  Militia  coming  in  very  fast,  and  the 
fiimilies  returned  to  their  liouses  with  their  eft'eets.  Hav- 
ing 1)0011  ol)ligod  to  move  out  on  the  iirst  alarm  —  Served 
sundry  Indians  witli  provisions. 

Sanddii  Aug'^  17 All  is   quiet,   and   peace   seems   to 

have  regained  her  dominion  on  this  late  invaded  land, 
and  fear  left  every  timorous  soul,  the  soldiers  rejoicing  in 
their  success,  recounting  the  perils  they  had  escaped,  and 
how  the  fugitive  enemy  fled  before  them,  tlie  savages 
exulting  in  the  share  they  had  in  this  glorious  repulse. 

This  day  Mr  Allan  made  presents  to  the  Penobscot 
Indians,  and  after  a  friendly  parley,  wherein  the  pledges 
of  union  and  love  were  renewed,  they  departed  with  satis- 
faction. The  Indians  from  the  Lake  came  to  receive  their 
rations  —  'Parson  J^oble  preached  a  sermon  on  the  late 
event. 

Macuias,    Momlay  Aug  18 This  day  by  a  deserter 

that  escaped  from  the  ship  Rainbow  by  swimming,  received 
information  that  the  enemy  had  lost  a  considerable  num- 
ber of  their  men  in  the  late  actions.  The  Rainbow  had 
^40  killed  and  wounded  of  her  quota,  but  could  not  learn 


i-'i 

M 


iHe  was  the  minister  of  tlie  place,  was  an  ardent  patriot,  a  man  of  great 
energy ;  he  wrote  a  letter  to  General  Washington,  setting  forth  the  great 
importance  of  "tlie  capture  of  Western  Nova  Scotia,  including  St.  John 
river,  and  proposing  to  take  any  position  in.  which  he  could  he  placed ;  it 
is  probable  he  had  resided  there.  General  Washington  was  obliged  to 
refuse  the  request  for  want  of  men. 

2  This  is  an  error ;  the  British  account,  which  is  probably  nearly  correct, 
can  be  found  in  this  volume,  which  shows  their  loss  in  men  was  quite 
small ;  it  is  very  common  to  overstate  au  euemy's  loss. 

17 


180 


KeVOLUTIONARY   Ol'JiUATIONS  IN  EASTERN 


the  nnriibcr  of  tlie  whole  by  tiiiy  mentis.  The  TikIuuih  all 
in  good  sj)iritfl,  and  little  trouhloHonie  for  li([uor. 

Tuesday  Augt.  19 In  the  morning  received  intelli- 
gence that  the  enemy  had  removed  all  off,  but  one  ship 
that  lay  at  Round  Ishind  Htill.  It  is  generally  thought 
the  enemy  has  gone  for  a  reinforcement ;  was  told  that  the 
ship  had  removed  to  Cross  Island.  A  party  under  Maj'. 
Stillman.  Capt".  Reynolds  and  Dyer,  joined  by  Capt.  Tre- 
ble vvitli  Indians,  set  otf  for  Cross  Island  to  endeavour  to 
make  some  prisoners.  Mr  Allan  had  letters,  informing 
that  the  enemy  had  been  defeated  at  Ticonderogue. 

Wednesday  Au(f   20.  1777 Served  some  Indians  with 

provisions  that  had  not  received  any  on  Saturday.  About 
noon  Maj'.  Stillman  returned  with  his  party,  having 
destroyed  one  boat's  crew  that  came  ashore  to  water. 
Took  three  prisoners  which  are  here,  secured.  They 
might  have  taken  more  but  for  misunderstanding  of  the 
Indians,  or  orders  being  too  long  delayed.  The  boat's 
people  got  the  alai*m  and  fled  to  their  boat,  choosing  to 
risk  being  all  shot,  than  accept  of  quarter  which  was 
offered  them,  so  terrified  were  they  by  the  Indians —  This 
ship  is  the  Blond  Lilly  from  the  river  St  Lawrence. 

The  above  Indians  were  presented  with  a  blanket  each 
for  their  service. 

Maciiias  Aug''  21.  Thursday Nothing  material  trans- 
pired—  Capt  Reynolds  went  to  Mispechy  reach  with  a 
party  to  apprehend  some  Jackaboth  Steles  lately  come 
from  Nova  Scotia. 

Friday  Aug^  22 This  afternoon  a  prisoner  taken  in 

Manly  was  set  at  large  from  the  ship  '"n^otul'  itli  a  letter 
directed  to  the  commanding  ofRer  t'         ig  of  cruelty 

used  by  our  people  in  firi)     "»  ui        i,  requesting 


' The  British  account  before  mentioned  h  \ery  important  in  connection 
witli  this  matter,  as  both  of  them  were  wrilifn  at  the  time. 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


181 


an  exchange  of  prtsonerm,  and  expectincj  an  answer  in  four 
lioiu'H,  as  ho  intoiKlcMl  Hiiilin<i;  soon,  (^ai)t.  Koynolds  re- 
turned the  men  he  went  in  qucMt  of.  Liirft  night  had  Honio 
papers  containing  some  good  intelligenoo.  All  day  busy 
settle  Truck  house  accounts  for  ^fr  Allan. 

Saturday  Aug''  23 Busied  forepart  of  the  day  in  giving 

the  Indians  their  allowance  for  a  week.  Mr  Allan  in  the 
afternoon  made  a  very  pathetic  discourse  to  Nicholas  and 
Francois  Jo*.  Ilawawesh  touching  their  valour,  meaning 
all  the  Indians  concerned  in  defending  their  rights  and 
privileges,  representing  with  what  (J lory  their  names 
would  he  handed  down  to  their  posterity,  who  will  with 
veneration,  sacredly  commemorate  the  amuversary  of  the 
gallant  defence  of  their  territories.  Nicolas  and  Francis 
thanking  him,  said  they  had  abandoned  the  fertile  banks 
of  the  St  Johns  river  for  his  sake,  requesting  the  Americans 
would  vigorously  exert  themselves  to  take  possession  of  & 
fortify  the  river  St.  Johns,  that  they  would  assist  in  the 
expedition  to  gain  and  keep  it,  or  lose  their  lives  in  the 
attempt.  '  They  earnestly  desired  to  repossess  the  once 
peaceful  abodes,  where  they  cultivated  and  raised  luxuriant 
crops  of  Indian  corn  :  the  soil  overpaying  their  industry ; 
whore  their  hunt  was  crowned  with  success  in  the  spoil  of 
the  numerous  herds  of  animals  that  swarm  in  their  woods. 

Sunday  Aug^  24 This  morning  our  courier  returned 

from  Naraguagus;  also  arrived  Maj'.  Newel  with  orders 
from  the  General  Court  to  disband  all  the  Soldiers  here 
and  take  back  the  provisions  and  arms  brought  down  by 
Col".  Eddy,  which  threw  all  concerned  into  consternation. 
Nicholas  and  F.  Joseph  Ilawawesh,  came  to  learn  the  news. 
Mr  Allan  informed  them  the'  course,  which  is  a  secret  to 
all  others.     General  Washington  had  not  been  consulted 


^  These  Indians  were  aware  of  the  great  sacrifice  they  had  made,  and 
seemed  to  have  great  confidence  in  Colonel  Allan,  and  could  he  have  been 
reinforced  they  would  have  aided  him  to  the  utmost  in  their  power. 


Vm 


¥\ 


iii 


n     ',h 


I 


\\l 


132 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


till  lately ;  found  the  force  so  insufficient,  and  preparations 
so  slow,  thought  fit  to  have  the  scheme  laid  aside  until 
further  consideration. 

Tlie  Indians  were  satisfied  with  what  was  told  them, 
got  a  gallon  of  rum  and  departed. 

Mr  Allan  engaged  four  Indian  youths  to  tarry  with  him. 
This  day  Mr  Preble  and  myself  dined  with  a  large  company 
of  young  Indians  mostly  of  the  female  sex.  All  gaily 
dressed,  who  in  the  afternoon  waited  on  the  Major,  who 
ai'rived  to-day,  as  they  were  desirous  to  see  a  Boston  man 
lately  from  that  town. 

Monday  Au(f  25 This  day  the  Officers  and  men  ^  of 

Col.  Eddy's  Reg',  were  dismissed. 

The  inhabitants  had  a  general  meeting,  and  resolved  to 
pay  and  find  all  that  are  willing  to  stay  and  defend  their 
place  —  many  appeared  disheartened. 

Tuesday  Aug^  26 Rain  this  day  —  Had  a  Grand  con- 
ference of  the  Indians  present,  in  presence  of  ^  Maj'.  Newell 
and  other  gentlemen.  Had  a  dinner  at  Mr  Mayhews, 
where  above  forty-five  Indians  were  entertained  by  many 
gentlemen  of  Rank  belonging  mostly  to  the  Army,  all 
very  sociable  and  friendly. 

The  Indians  continue  steadfast  friends,  made  earnest 
entreaty's  for  a  Priest  to  be  sent  to  them  as  soon  as  may 
be.  Yesterday  the  Continental  schooner  Mericheete  fell 
down  the  river,  preparing  to  sail  for  Boston. 

Wednesday  Aiuf  27 Busy  writing  letters  to  the  Gene- 
ral Court,  the  Mericheete  went  round  to  Chandelers  River, 
to  be  ready  to  sail  for  Boston. 

Thursday  Aug'' '2'^ Had  news  that  a  ship  lay  at  an- 
chor between  Libby's  &  Cross  Islands.  Capt.  Reynolds 
came  from  Pasamaquody,  bringing  in  Capt"  Littlefield. 


'  These,  I  think,  were  mostly  from  Cumherlaud. 
"  He  was,  no  doubt,  the  gentleman  from  Boston. 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


133 


Frklaij,  Aug^  29.  Maciiias This  day  Col°.  Eddy  set 

off  for  the  Westward,  with  many  others  belonging  to 
Cumberland,  with  whom  went  Major  Newell  —  They  went 
in  whale  Boats  —  We  heard  several  Barges  from  the  Ship 
attempted  to  cut  them  oft'  but  were  disappointed. 

Many  of  the  Militia  came  from  Penobscot  — 

Saturday  Aug''  30 This  day  the   Indians  had  their 

allowance  —  Several  of  the  Militia  from  the  Westward,' 
who  brought  News  that  there  were  three  privateers  in  the 
Reach,  by  whom  we  received  intelligence,  that  our  North- 
ern Army  had  gained  an  advantage  over  the  enemy. 

Sunday  Aug''  31 Attend  meeting  where  Ambrose,  and  a 

number  of  Indians  were  present,  who  behaved  with  naich  de- 
corum, the  whole  of  the  time — Nothing  material  transpired. 

Monday  Sep''  1 This  day  very  busy  dispatching  letters  to 

the  Westward,  viz.  to  the  Gen'.  Court,  Mess'  Cross,  Gen'  Ward 
Ben".  Greenleaf  Esq.     Nothing  worth  notice  intervened  — 

Machias  Scjf  2.  Tuesday This  day  finished  the  dis- 
patches and  sent  oft"  Capt  Wing  to  join  the  Sch'.  Mr  Allan, 
Capt.  Smith,  Maj  Stillman,  and  several  more  went  to  see 
"".he  Indians  at  the  lake  ^  —  In  the  evening  returned. 

Wednesday  Sep.  3 Very  busy  settling  the  book  and 

accounts,  which  are  thrown  into  confusion  and  neglect, 
owing  chiefly  to  the  multiplicity  of  affiiirs  with  the  Indians 
and  the  several  alarms,  and  sudden  surprises  in  the  course 
of  the  summer. 

Ambroise  &  squad  removed  to  the  lakes  — 

Thursday  Sep.  4 This  day  we  had  intelligence  that 

two  ships,  one  Brig  one  Schooner  and  a  Sloop  stood  from 
the  westward  and  went  to  the  eastward  of  this  harbour. 
The  ship  that  lay  off  here,  weighed  Anchor  and  went  with 
them,  we  hope  never  to  return.     Sundry  vessels  that  had 


*l   .=■;■» 


'  Probably  between  Machias  and  Penobscot. 

'  Probably  what  is  now  called  Gardner's  lake,  near  IV;  acliias. 


rn 


ii 


134         Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 

been  taken  and  released,  again  got  out  of  this  harbour, 
this  and  last  week. 

Maciiias,  Friday  Sept.  5. 1777 Nothing  circumstancial 

happened.  Mr  Allan  went  down  to  Buck's  harbour  with 
Maj'.  Stillman,  and  returned  in  the  evening. 

Saturday  Sept.  6 The  Indians  came  from  the  different 

encampments  to  receive  their  provision  for  the  week  as 
usual.  A  privateer  commanded  by  Capt.  Jerry  O'Brien 
arrived  here,  brought  some  papers,  none  of  very  late  date, 
also  a  letter  giving  information  that  a  gentleman  escaped 
from  the  enemy  off  Cape  Sables,  a  few  days  ago,  that  a 
reinforcement  of  400  men,  under  convoy  of  the  Milford, 
were  coming  to  join  these  under  the  Rainbow,  commodore 
Gr.  Collier,  to  make  a  second  attempt  on  this  place.  How 
vain  are  our  hopes !  how  changable  are  our  fates,  when 
we  think  ourselves  most  secure,  we  are  most  in  danger. 
In  the  course  of  the  week  several  men  came  to  join  the 
Militia  of  this  place.  Maj'  Stillman  has  directed  a  floating 
bridge  to  be  hung  across  the  western  river  to  fecilitate  the 
communication  with  the  other  rivers.  Five  Indians  came 
in  from  Penobscot,  informing  that  their  brethren  that 
went  to  Canada  had  returned,  that  tlio  Gen.  Guy  Carleton, 
had  requested  the  Indians  to  raise  3000  men  to  go  with 
the  Army  to  Ticonderoga,  that  he  was  preparing  to  go  to 
England. 

.  Sunday  Sept.  7 The  inhabitants  had  a  town  meeting 

to  consult  for  their  safety,  and  preparation  for  the  recep- 
tion of  the  enemy.  Tlien  Parson  Lyon  preached  a  very 
encouraging  sermon  to  American  soldiers.  A  Sloop  ar- 
rived from  Nantucket  with  provisions. 

31onday  Sept.  8.  1777 This  day  Nicholas  Ilawawesch 

and  others  came  in  to  See  Mr  Allan.  We  gave  them  a 
dinner  where  the  ^Iroquois   also  was    present.      In    the 

^  He  was  probably  a  ^lohawk.    Members  of  this  tribe  liad  been  fouiul 
among  our  Indiansin  all  the  wars.    As  that  tribe  were  then  acting  with  the 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


1S5 


evening  the  Indians  made  merry  —  Capt  Smith  and  the 
inhabitants  at  work  making  Batteries  and  intrenchments. 

'     Tuesday  Sept.  9 Heard  that  Crabtree  with  his  privar 

teer  was  at  Chandler's  river,  oftering  his  service  to  the 
inhabitants  of  Machias,  to  assist  them  against  the  enemy 
in  the  now  daily  expected  invasion  —  He  had  Several 
Cannon,  some  double  fortifyed  pounders,  which  would  be 
very  servicable  in  the  batteries  now  erecting.  Aml)roise 
came  and  his  squad  to  pay  a  visit  —  Mr  Allan  entertained 
them  to  the  number  of  twenty  two,  at  Mayhews';  all  very 
agreeable. 

Three  Indians  returned  from  Quoddy  as  did  Lieut  Scott 
and  Mr  How,  who  informed  that  the  Enemy's  ships  stood 
straight  over  to  Annapolis,  since  they  were  seen  going 
past  this  harbour.  Mr  Allan  went  to  the  Rim  to  visit 
the  works,  found  them  well  executed,  particularly  the 
Boom. 

V/ednesday  Sept  10 Rainy  and  disagreeable  weather  — 

This  day  began  to  take  orders,  and  copied  the  Orderly 
Book  from  Mr  Eddy's  going.  The  people  from  the  west- 
ward, particularly  Penobscot  begin  to  be  very  uneasy,  their 
fall  business  being  so  backward. 

Thursday  Sept.  11 Last  night  by  some  men  which 

came  from  Mount  Desert  to  augment  our  force,  had  news 
from  the  westward  of  very  great  rejoicing  for  some  signal 
victory  obtained  over  the  Army  under  General  Burgoyne, 
or  as  some  say  the  retaking  of  Ticonderoga  —  Had  a 
general  conference,  where  all  things  were  nmtual  and 
satisfactory,  also  an  entertainment  for  the  chiefs  and  cap- 
tains at  Mr  Mayhews'  for  the  young  men  and  squaws  to 
the  number  of  thirty  at  Capt  West's,  the  evening  spent  in 
dancing. 


'1 
>  tl 


,  I 


. 


!  fl 


British,  it  may  be,  he  had  come  from  Canada  to  bring  intelligence  to  them, 
and  invite  them  there. 


i'     V    I 


::S| 

' 

■.[■At  I 

■1         J;       1 

1 

'V. 

136 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


Diday  Sept.   12 Nothing  of  consequence  —  Militia 

employed  making  breastworks  for  defence  —  Heard  news 
that  the  Enemy's  Ship  Milford  was  cast  away  on  Cape 
Sables,  and  most  people  conclude  that  they  will  not  come. 

Saturday  Sept.  13,  Maciiias Served  the  provisions  to 

Indians  as  usual  Capt  Sullivan  ^  came  with  some  draughted 
Militia  for  service  here.  By  Capt  Farnsworth  who  came 
yesterday,  received  papers  containing  much  good  news. 

Sunday  Sept.  14 This   day   Capt  Jenkins   came  in 

bringing  three  prisoners,  a  midshipman  and  two  tars, 
which  had  been  put  on  board  of  him  when  taken  by  the 
Vulture  some  days  since  at  Pasamaquody,  but  he  rose 
and  retook  his  vessel,  by  which  we  are  informed  that  the 
Enemy  are  at  St.  John  preparing  for  a  second  attack  on 
this  place,  their  force  being  700,  and  we  look  for  them 
every  moment.  In  the  evening  the  alarm  was  fired  as  a 
ship  hove  in  sight  supposed  to  be  the  Vulture  after  her 
prey. 

Yesterday,  and  the  day  before,  twentyfour  men  left  us 
to  return  home,  some  with  leave  and  some  without  leave. 
Col.  Foster  dispatched  a  courier  to  all  the  officers  of  his 
Regiment  to  send  in  their  men  as  soon  as  possible.  Mr. 
Allan  8ont  word  to  the  Indians.  In  the  evening  two  Guns 
were  fired  for  alarm. 

Monday  Sept.  16 At  8  o'clock  fired  two  cannon  for 

alarm.  The  Indians  came  in  to  the  number  of  thirty. 
Whitney  came  from  Chandler's  river,  the  Militia  there 
would  stop,  we  hearing  the  enemy  intend  lauding  a  party 
there. 


ll  ' 

1  ! 

1  ' 

1  He  was  the  brother  of  Gen.  Sullivan  and  of  Gov.  Sullivan ;  resided  at 
what  was  then  New  Bristol,  now  called  Sullivan,  and  was  sometime 

■U'rwards  taken  from  his  home  at  night  by  a  party  of  the  enemy,  carried 
U,  New  York  and  immured  in  one  of  the  terrible  prisons  there,  and 
when  exchanged  was  in  so  feeble  a  condition  that  he  died  on  his  way 
home. 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


137 


Lieut.  How  caiae  in  with  ciglit  men.  All  the  Militia 
\.  ere  ordered  to  join  Col.  Foster  at  the  Rim  this  morning. 

Tuesdai/  Sept.  16 Our  people  opened  a  breastwork  on 

Dublin  side.  Mr.  Allan  with  three  birch  canoes  went 
down  to  Round  Island  for  discovery.  Lieut"  Buck  and 
Goodwin  came  up  from  the  Rim  for  a  Cannon. 

Fair  wind  for  the  Enemy,  but  very  foggy.  Busied  in 
getting  sundry  Bbls.  provisions  down  to  Middle  River  to 
get  concealed  in  the  wood  towards  the  Lake. 

Wednesday  Sept.    17"' Reports  that  several   cannon 

were  heard  off  Mispeacky,  supposed  it  to  be  the  Enemy 
run  past  in  the  fog.  Went  down  in  the  evening  •  to  see 
the  works,  which  are  excellent,  considering  the  time,  and 
situation  of  working,  in  short  we  ha^o  Breastworks  and 
Redoubts  sufHcient  for  600  men  to  make  a  tolerable  defence 
in.     A  few  cannon  are  much  wanted  to  complete  at  the  post. 

Thursday  Sept.  18 This  morning   Capt  Farnsworth 

came  round  from  Chandler's  River  with  a  barrel  of  Liquor, 
which  wasTiiuch  wanted  for  white  men  as  well  as'Indians. 
The  ship  lays  there  still. 

Friday  Sept.  19 This  day  Elijah  Ayres  and  G.  Rogers 

returned  in  ten  days  from  Cumberland,  and  with  them 
came  Jn"  Eddy  and  John  McGown,  who  went  from  St 
Johns  river  last  July,  but  David  Farrcl  deceived  them, 
and  kept  them  seven  weeks  in  the  woods,  not  being  able 
to  get  a  canoe  or  craft  to  bring  them  off.  Charles  Oulton 
accepted  of  a  pardon  and  went  on  to  the  boat,  where  he  now 
remains.  We  are  informed  by  the  above  that  the  enemy  are 
making  all  the  preparation  possible  to  destroy  this  place. 

All  the  men  are  coming  from  Fort  Cumberland,  where 
the  inhabitants  are  obliged  to  keep  garrison,  50  at  a  time, 
until  the  whole  County  has  been  in.  They  put  them  to 
the  most  servile  and .  abject  occupations,  making  them 
cleevers  of  wood,  emptier"  of  dish  water,  &c.  The  three 
men  that  were  taken  at  St.  Johns,  Mcbreight  is  better  of 

18 


m 

m 


"1  ;:.a 


•m 


II 


v. 


.>3 


m 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


his  wound.  John  Fulton  is  prosecuted  by  Conger  and 
Crawford  will  he. —  A  numher  of  Militia  have  just  come 
under  Lieut.  Nichols. 

Saturday  Sept.  20 Machias... Nothing  material.    Served 

provisions  to  the  Indians  as  usual.  Gave  them  a  Barrel 
of  Flour  to  divide  among  themselves. 

Sunday  Sept.   21 Sent  oil"  Lieut  Dodge  with  two 

Indians,  Louis  Roche  and  Ettenne  Demour  to  St.  Johns  to 
spy  out  what  the  Enemy  are  about  there.  It  is  appre- 
hended they  will  wait  until  the  Militia  are  tired  out,  and 
are  returning  to  their  places  of  abode,  before  they  make 
their  attempt.  Some  Militia  arrived,  supposed  to  com- 
plete 400  men  in  the  place.  Six  families  of  Indians 
gone  to  Penobscot,  Piere  Joe,  Grand  Piere,  J.  B.  Neptune, 
F.  J.  Joe  Tomma,  and  E.  Squatpan. 

Monday  Sept.  22 Very  foul  and  tempestuous  weather 

during  the  Equanoxial  Gale,  Capt  Crabtree  is  expected 
in  with  60  men,  the  ships  still  lying  below. 

Machias  Sept.   23,  1777,    Tuesday This*  day   Capt. 

Reid,  Lieut'  Buck  and  Goodwin  &  Coburn  returned  with 
their  parties  to  Penobscot.  By  the  last  Mr.  Allan  seat 
letters  for  the  Gen'  Court  and  Col.  Buck,  Serg*  Milbery 
returned  from  pursuing  deserters,  brought  one  Peck  with 
his  father-in-law,  who  fired  upon  the  party.  Surely  his 
punishment  ought  to  be  severe.  All  the  Indians  returned 
to  their  families  except  two. 

MAcniAS    Wednesday  Sept.    24,   1777 Letters    were 

brought  from  Penobscot,  sent  by  Col.  Lowden  for  Webb. 
No  news  from  the  "W  estward.  It  is  said  Crabtree  intends 
coming  to  little  Kennebec,^  whence  his  cannon  may  be 
hauled  through,  the  distance  being  small,  and  a  good 
road — Also  Maj'  Jourdan  of  the  Militia  arrived. 

Thursday  Sept.  25 Dispatched  Letters  per  Webb  for 


'  This  was  a  harbor  near  Machias. 


■    .-5t!\, 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


139 


the  Gen'.  Court,  for  Col.  Lowcler  Penobscot,  and  one  for 
Chandler's  river  for  Pieree.  Four  Indians  dined  with 
Mr.  Allan.  One  Indian  family  came  in  fi'om  Penobscot.* 
Another  ship  came  in  on  which  an  alarm  was  fired  from 
our  Battery. 

It  is  supposed  one  Ilarrie  got  aboard  the  ship.  He  de- 
serted from  the  Continental  service,  came  down  here  with 
the  Penobscot  Militia  and  attempted  to  desert  once  or 
twice  before. 

The  villiain  is  well  acquainted  with  matters  here,  which 
he  no  doubt  will  inform  the  enemy  of.  Five  men  came  in 
from  Union  rivor  this  evening. 

Frkkiy  Sept.  26,  1777 Received  intelligence  that  the 

enemy  at  St.  Johns  had  released  several  men  belonging  to 
Passamaquody  which  they  had  taken,  by  which  we  are 
informed  that  their  intention  is  to  attack  this  place  imme- 
diately. They  have  built  a  Prow  Galley  for  the  purpose, 
caiTying  18  Guns,  and  all  close  work.  They  have  13 
Sail  in  all.     Four  or  five  Militia  came  in  this  morning. 

Just  arrived  a  young  man  fi'om  Canada  who  was  taken 
prisoner  at  the  Siege  Dec.  1775,  and  was  a  prisoner  till 
May  1777,  when  he  make  his  escape.  Came  here  by  the 
river  St.  [Lawrence  ?] 

An  Indian  from  Canada  and  Jean  Diri,  alias  Orgamat 
Washington  from  Metaweshcaugh  ^  came  with  him.  His 
story  is  very  untelligible,  produced  some  papers  with  the 
names  of  several  friends  of  America  in  those  parts,  but  to 
me  it  appears  he  is  not  on  a  good  errand. 

Friend  Gardner,  who  came  in  from  Passamaquody, 
where  he  saw  Atwood,  wlio  had  been  confined  on  board 
the  ship  and  released. 


'  TluTP  seems  to  have  been  a  continual  intercourse  between  Col.  Allan 
and  the  Penobscot  tribe ;  the  route  was  vui  tlie  Schoodic  lakes. 

"  Madawasca. 


■  1 


■i  : 


5 


■■ 


140        Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 

Gave  advice  that  Mr.  Franklin  is  commander — that 
his  officers  were  very  unwilling  to  come  here,  they  begin 
to  think  the  cause  is  not  very  good,  no  fortifications  build- 
ing there,  and  that  Piere  Paul  Lorette  oftered  to  bring  on 
Mr.  Allan  for  ten  dollars,  but  Mr.  Franklin  was  afraid 
they  would  kill  him. 

The  ships  sailed  from  this  in  the  evening. 

Saturday  Sept.  27 Served  provisions  to  the  Indians  as 

usual,  nothing  else  material. 

Sunday  Sept.  28 liec**  letters  from  Messbross^   and 

Crabtree,  and  Newspapers,  also  intelligence  that  a'  Regi- 
ment had  marched  from  Boston  19  days  ago,  on  their  way 
for  this  place,  with  a  Train  of  Artilery,  all  to  embark  at 
Casco.  All  this  came  by  a  privateer,  commanded  by  Capt. 
Lawrence,  also  that  Gen'  Washington  had  defeated  Gen* 
Howe  at  the  head  of  Elk,  and  had  killed  and  taken  Ten 
thousand  of  them. 

This  evening  Serg'  Dodge  returned  from  St  Johns  with 
the  two  Indians  that  went  with  him, —  Particulars  of  his 
return,  Mr.  Allan  has  taken  down.  Holly  brought  his 
Schooner  to  the  Falls,  from  Chandler's  River,  having  corn 
for  the  committee  and  Indians. 

3Ionday  Sept.  29,  Maciiias'' Crabtree  came  in  with 

his  privateer,  and  a  gun  was  fired  on  the  occasion.  This 
privateer  has  8  Four  pounders  and  30  men.  Shortly  after 
Capt  Jei'ry  Obrien  came  in  from  a  cruise. 

He  took  a  rich  prize  off  cape  Negro,  Avhich  had  been 
taken  coming  from  Ireland  loaded  with  Pork,  by  some  of 
our  privateers,  and  was  retaken  by  the  Scarborough.  She 
had  4  cai'riage  Guns  and  two  Cchorn,  besides  swivels  — 

She  went  to  the  "Westward.  The  Mate  of  the  Scar- 
borough  who  was  prize   Master   is  on  board   O'Brien's 


'  They  resicleil  at  Newbury. 

*  Machias  seems  to  have  been  the  home  of  several  privateers. 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


141 


privateer,  also  another  little  privateer  came  in  with  him. 
Gave  the  Indians  permission  to  get  rum  of  uny  hody  until 
twelve  o'clock  tomorrow  (who  came  in  hearing  the  gun 
fired). 

Tuesday  Sept.  30 Col.  Foster,  Capt.   Crabtree   and 

other  officers  dined  with  Mr  Allan  —  nothing  else  material. 

Maciiias,    Oct.  1.  1777.    Wednesday We   heard  that 

another  privateer  came  in  last  night  from  Salem,  confirm- 
ing that  the  troops  marched  from  Boston  for  this  place. 
Capt  O'Brien  sailed  for  Boston,  by  whom  Mr.  Allan  wrote 
to  the  General  Court. 

The  second  and  third  of  October,  Thursday  and  Friday, 
nothing  transpired  worthy  of  notice. 

Saturday  OcF  4th Sent   Capt.   Crabtree   a   letter  of 

instruction  to  observe  during  his  being  stationed  at  the 
mouth  of  the  harbour,  as  also,  signals  to  be  made  in  case 
of  danger.  Mr  Allan  gave  him  insurance  for  his  Schooner. 
This  day  served  provisions  as  usual. 

Sunday  Ocf  5.  1777 Had  news  that  one  Capt  Combs 

had  come  from  Halifax,  who  met  the  Eoebuck  going  in 
there,  also  spoke  with  Capt.  Stiles  the  Bermudian  on  his 
way  from  St.  Johns'  to  the  aforesaid  port,  who  gave  in- 
formation that  the  expedition  forming  against  Machias,  at 
St.  Johns,  was  broke  up,  and  the  British  Troops  returned 
to  winter  Quarters,  that  no  IS^ews  had  been  received  from 
Gen'  Howe  for  a  month,  and  much  trouble  and  fear  among 
the  tories  for  his  situation. 

Monday  Oct^  6 Mr  Allan  accompanied  by  Dr  Rice 

went  to  the  Indian's  Village  on  Eastern,  river  Lake  where 
we  arrived  about  4  o'clock  p.  m. 

Tuesday  Oci^  7 Early  set  ofit"  Ambrose  &  Son  for  St. 

Johns.  Mr.  Allan  had  a  conference  with  all  the  remain- 
ing Indians,  (several  having  gone  oft"  lately  to  difterent 
parts  to  hunt)  the  particulars  of  which  may  be  seen  per 
memorandum  taken  of  the  same.     Return  to  Machias. 


142 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


Wednesday  Ocf  8 The  Indians  came  in  to  settle  thc'r 

account  with  the  Truck  House.  In  the  afternoon  Mr. 
Preble  arrived  from  Boston  in  the  Hannah  &  Molly,  Capt 
Bunker,  bringing  sundry  letters  and  newspapers  for  Mr. 
Allan,  likewise  Capt  Crabtree  came  in  from  a  Cruise, 
having  retaken  Capt  Long  going  from  Pa88ama(|Uody  to 
Annapolis.  Capt  Long  informs  that  Mr  Franklin  de- 
clared that  any  of  the  Cumberland  people  that  had  a  mind 
to  bring  away  their  families,  might  do  so  unmolested. 

Thursday  OcV   9 In   the  morning  Mr  Allan  &  Dr 

Rice  with  several  other  Gentlemen  went  to  the  Indian's 
camp  to  a  feast.  Mr.  Allan  carried  a  letter  from  the 
Council  to  the  Indians.  Capt.  Gouch  arrived  from  Jboston 
with  Stores,  and  two  (Cannon)  nine  pounders. 

In  the  evening  Mr  Allan  returned  from  the  Indian 
Camp.  Received  several  letters  from  Gen'  Ward,  Mr. 
Greenleaf  and  others  from  Boston. 

Friday  Ocf  10 This  morning  Mr  Allan  examined 

Capt.  Long  and  his  man,  as  may  be  seen  by  the  memo- 
randum takei  Mr.  Allan  thought  proper  to  confine 
them,  as  they  were  taken  carrying  intelligence  by  Express 
to  the  Enemy.  They  were  sent  aboard  Crabtree  for  this 
night,  until  a  guard  should  be  established  for  the  purpose. 
This  evening  the  two  nine  pounders  were  landed  from  on 
board  Gouchs  Vessel,  to  the  great  joy  of  all  present. 

Machias,  Saturday,  October  11 Yesterday  Mr.  Allan 

took  command  of  the  Militaiy,  having  received  a  Colonel's 
commission  ^  for  the  purpose.  This  day  he  appointed  Mr 
John  McGown  Commissary  of  the  Ordinance  Stores  in 
this  district.  Gave  the  Indians  full  rations  of  provisions. 
Gave  Capt.  Crabtree  a  second  order  to  keep  the  prisoners 


•  Previous  to  this  it  is  probable  be  had  been  acting  mainly  as  superin- 
tendent of  the  Indians,  although  he  was  appointed  a  colonel  by  the 
Massachusetts  government  six  months  previous. 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


148 


on  board  tho  Schooner.  Receiver!  a  return  from  Capt. 
Crabtree,  about  his  deficiency  of  provisiouH,  and  gave  him 
an  order  on  the  Commissary  for  the  amount. 

Sunday  October  12 Jean  Baptist  Leport,  goes  to  St 

Johns,  by  whom  Mr.  Alhm  sent  a  string  of  Wampum,  to 
be  conveyed  among  tho  Mickmacks  as  soon  as  possible  to 
desire  them  to  choose  Deputies,  to  be  at  the  Congress  at 
this  place  the  hitter  end  of  this  month,  to  consist  of  all 
the  Indians  that  can  be  assembled.  He  is  instructed  to 
hire  one  or  two  Indians  to  go  from  St.  Johns,  desiring 
him  to  promise  ample  payment  for  the  same.  Gave  Esq 
Curry  &  Company  passes  to  I'assamaquody.  This  night 
being  short  of  men,  Two  Indians  mounted  guard,  who  are 
to  receive  pay  fi'ora  the  first  of  October  as  Continental 
Soldiers,  with  their  full  rations  of  provisions. 

MomJat/  October  13,  1777 This  day  a  message  was 

sent  to  the  committee  of  all  the  principle  officers  in  this 
district  to  consult  where  will  be  the  most  advantageous 
situation  to  erect  a  fortress  for  the  defence  of  this  river. 
Wrote  to  Lieut.  Allan  to  continue  five  days  longer  absent 
if  he  has  any  prospect  of  enlisting  men;  enclosed  him  an 
extract  from  General  Orders.  Gave  Capt.  Crabtree  a  dis- 
charge, also  an  order  for  payment.  Give  him  also  orders 
to  take  John  Long  with  him  on  a  cruise  as  he  sd  Long 
desires  it,  and  as  there  is  no  proper  place  to  confine  him 
here  at  present. 

Sent  Isaiah  Boudreau,  and  Noel  Wallace  to  Passama- 
quody  after  sundry  papers,  &c.  to  be  delivered  D.  Long's 
Order  on  Mr.  Bell  also  wrote  Mr.  Bell  to  deliver  Noel 
Wallace  the  pawns  he  has,  for  which  he  shall  be  paid  at 

any  of  the   stores.     Gave   Boudreau  a  pass  to   G 

This  day  Mr.  Allan  agreed  with  Mr  Longfellow  for  two 
Rooms  at  Pr  week  and  Pr  do  for  board. 

Tuesday    Oct.   14,    1777  ...Maciiias This  day   eight 

-dians  come  to  mount  Guard ;  to  day  also  we  took  an 


/ 


'     I! 


■t; 


144 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


liii 


inventory  of  Andorson's  goods  on  hand,  and  turned  them 
into  the  Truck  House.  Gave  out  several  enl'iHtment 
papers  to  the  coinmandiui!^  officers  to  till  their  companies 
with  all  H])ee(l,  also  beating  order  to  John  Foster  to  raise 
fourteen  men  for  which  he  is  to  have  an  Ensign's  com- 
mission —  Those  men  are  to  bo  in  Capt.  Dyer's  company. 
Capt.  Ephraim  Chase  to  take  command  of  the  Schooner 
Hannah  and  Molly  as  pr  agreement,  and  ho  sailed  this 
night. 

Wednesday  Oct.  15 This  day  sent  off  Expresses  with 

letters  to  General  Court,  enclosed,  and  to  be  forwai'ded  by 
Col.  Buck'  also  a  letter  to  Lieut  Buck  with  beating 
orders  and  enlistment  by  Elijah  Ayres.  Also  a  boat  to 
Naraguagus  with  Sundries  for  Col.  Campbell  the  family 
under  the  care  of  Serg'  Ray.  This  day  entered  a  com- 
plaint against  Stephen  Jones  for  supplying  Indians  with 
liquor,  contrary  to  all  the  injunctions  put  against  this 
practice.  Joseph  T omnia  brought  him  out  in  a  very 
acute  manner;  Esquire  Jones  would  not  attend  on  the 
Summons  and  Col.  Foster  took  the  Indians'  depositions, 
and  swore  them. 

Thursday  Oct.  16 Gave  Lieut"  Allan  and  Ens"  Stone 

recruiting  orders  as  far  as  Frenchman's  Bay,  to  return  in 
ten  days.  Boudreau  returned  from  Passamaquody,  but 
brought  none  of  the  articles  he  went  for,  as  Capt  Crabtree's 
men  plundered  the  house  whilst  he  was  on  board. 

Mr.  Allan  went  down  to  the  Kim  to  choose  a  spot  for 
erecting  the  Fort  and  returned  at  2  o'clock. 

Fi'iday    Oct.    17 Gave   Lieut  Longfellow  recruiting 

orders  —  Put  up  sundry  advertisments  for  three  deserters 
of  Capt  Dyer's  company.  Last  night  J.  Baptist  Forele  Jr 
stole  a  Moose  Skin  which  he  sold  Jones  for  rum,  and  to 


'  Col.  Buck  was  an  important  man  at  Penobscot ;  his  residence  was  at 
Buclisport. 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


145 


day  found  tlio  skin  in  Jonoa'  yard  spread  to  dry;  a  sentry 
was  placed  over  it,  and  EHqiiirc  .lones  sent  for,  when  ho 
owned  tlio  fact  to  Col.  Allan. 

SaUmlii)/  18 One  the  ir)th  inst.  in  consequence  of  a 

consultation  between  the  chief  ottieers  of  the  army,  Militia, 
and  the  committee,  for  the  erection  of  a  fort  at  Andrews' 
Hill  near  the  Ilim,  Col.  Allan  gave  Maj'  Stillman  particu- 
lar instructions  for  that  purpose,  he  taking  the  command 
of  that  post.  The  Indians  as  usual  received  their  rations ; 
they  are  to.  have  a  consultation  among  themselves,  on 
which  the}'  are  to  make  return  of  the  same. 

Macuias,  iiundaij,  October  19.  1777 Nothing  material. 

Very  iino  weather. 

.  MoniUiy  20 The  Court  opened  at  10  o'clock  —  previ- 
ously to  this  '  Esquire  Jones  was  served  with  a  Copy  of  the 
proceedings  of  the  loth  inst.  and  anotlier  complaint  was 
entered  against  him  for  buying  a  Moose  skin  Je  Baptist 
stole.  The  summons  was  served  by  Mr  Tupper,  but  Mr 
Jones  absconded  —  Depositions  taken  and  the  Court  ad- 
journed till  4  o'clock.  The  Indians  came  to  have  a  Con- 
ference, and  ask  Mr  Allan's  advice  about  their  going  a 
hunting;  Mr  Allan  told  them  it  was  his  earnest  desire  to 
see  them  conteiited,  and  was  determined  to  advise  them 
what  ho  thought  best  for  them  and  their  families ;  as  to 
all  appearance  the  enemy  would  return  ;  but  tho"  expected, 
they  might  or  might  not  return ;  that  he  knew  how  im- 
possible it  was  for  them  to  remain  inactive,  and  thought  it 
would  be  best  for  them  to  go  to  some  convenient,  adjacent 
hunting  ground ;  that  he  would  always  be  ready  to  help 
them  with  anything  in  his  power;  that  they  will  endea- 
vour to  be  as  near  as  possible;  that  be  inteiuled  go  out 
and  see  them  when  they  were  placed  in  winter  quarters. 


iTliis  charge  against  Mr.,  best  known  as  Judge  Jones,  was  afterwards 
entirely  refuted,  and  liis  good  and  loyal  cliaracter  vouelied  for  by  the 
principal  men  of  the  town ;  it  can  be  found  in  the  Archives  of  Masmchusetts. 

19 


\  I 


146 


EeVolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


The  Court  opened  at  4  o'clock  when  judgment  went  against 
Jones,  in  action  for  breach  of  the  Resolve  of  the  General 
Court,  when  a  Warrant  was  made  out  to  apprehend  him, 
and  the  Court  closed.  Jones  had  alledged  some  Com- 
plaints against  the  Indians,  who  came  to  Justify  themselves, 
but  he  would  not  appear. 

Tuesday  Oct'   21 Capt  Preble  got  instructions  for  a 

secret  expedition,  four  Indians  to  go  with  him  and  Bou- 
dreau  likewise.     Very  stormy  weather,  turn''  to  Snow  eve*. 

Wednesday  Oct.  22. This  morning  Capt.  Preble  set  off 

for  Passamaquody,  according  to  his  Instructions,  &c. 

Pi  ere  Tomma,  Etieime  Numcoot,  Piere  Huron,  &  Fran- 
cis Blackducks,  went  with  him. 

I'hursday  Oct.  23  1777 Ambroise  returned  from  St. 

Johns,  but  did  not  bring  what  he  went  for,  as  some  persons 
had  found  what  they  had  hid,  except  the  Beaver  which  St. 
Nicholas  had  secured.  He  reports  that  all  the  French 
thought  well  of  Mr  'Allan,  except  Bernabie ;  that  Mr 
Franklin  told  the  Indians  that  he  wo  aid  secure  Mr  Allan's 
family ;  That  Mr  Allan  had  been  a  man  of  sense,  but  that 
he  had  lately  lost  his  senses,  as  was  the  case  with  Ambroise. 

Ambroise  was  told  not  to  go  among  the  inhabitants,  for 
perhaps  he  might  not  return.     Mitchel  was  at  his  dwelling. 

Perly  was  appointed  captain,  as  vv^as  Sd  Barnabie  among 
the  French,  that  twenty  Mickmacks  had  been  at  fort 
Cumberland.  In  the  evening  the  Hannah  brought  up  her 
second  load  of  wood. 

Friday,  Oct.  24 This  morning  a  boat  arrived  from 

Cobequid  Nova  Scotia  in  8  diiys ;  no  material  news,  only 
that  two  thirds  of  the  inhabitants  of  Coljcqiud  had  taken 
the  Oath  of  supremacy.  Col,  Foster  Came  up  and  held  his 
court  to  try  Jones  for  his  late  offence ;  he  was  condemned 
to  pay  40s  for  four  breaches,  and  find  security  for  his  ap- 
pearing at  the  Gen'  Ses'*"*'  at  Pownalborough,  July  next  — 
Particulars  may  be  seen  by  the  proceedings  of  the  Court. 


!  ■■■■■i. 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


147 


Saturday  25 The  court  opened  —  Jones  appeared  and 

appealed  to  Pownclboroiigh  Sessions — Gave  bonds  for 
Twenty  pounds,  Burnam  and  Miservey  are  his  Suretys. 

Delivered  the  Indians  their  rations  as  usual ;  they  are 
determined  to  remain  near  Machias  this  winter.  Capt 
Preble  returned  from  Passamaquody,  but  through  the 
means  of  one  Brown,  he  missed  the  taking  Heany  the 
deserter.  Ensign  Stone  returned,  having  enlisted  but  few 
men. 

Sunday  Oct.  26 Rainy  weather  —  Capt.  Wallace  came 

from  Naraguagus,  who  informs  that  '  Col.  Campbell 
wrote  him  that  Ticonderogu  was  in  our  possession. 

Machias,  Monday,  Oct.  27 ISTdthing  material  —  James 

Crow,  a  prisoner  brought  up  and  lodged  in  the  guard 
house,  the  charge  alleged  against  him  that  he  had  com- 
munication with  the  enemy,  and  Countenanced  deserters. 
Last  night  arrived  Piere  Jaque  and  Piere  Mchola. —  Two 
Indians  from  Penobscot.-  - 

Tuesday  Oct.  28 Elijah  Ayers  and  Capt.  Kellum  came 

from  Penobscot;  brought  letters  for  Col.  Allan,  among 
others  one  from  Gen'  Ward  enclosing  the  transactions  of 
the  General  Court  respecting  the  stopping  the  expedition 
to  St  Johns  Aug'  8th.  They  report  that  the  Scarborough 
Ship  belonging  to  the  British  king  lays  at  Cranberry  Islands. 

Wednesday  29 A  Regimental  Court  Martial  was  held 

for  the  trial  of  James  Brown,  for  having  communication 
with  the  Enemy,  and  countenancing  deserters,  and  the 
trial  of  Richard  Faucet  for  desertion,  both  found  guilty. 

Thursday  OcP'    30 Arrived  from  St.  Johns,  part  of 

Capt.  Lawrence's  Crew,  their  Privateer  having  been  driven 
ashore  there,  by  the  Loyal  Nova  Scotia.  This  day  a  num- 
ber of  recruits  passed  muster. 


i 


'III 


i[^ 


•fi'i 


t(9 

t,l| 


*  Colonel  Campbell  was  a  man  of  influence,  and  lieutenant  colonel  of  the 
Eastern  Regiment ;  he  resided  at  Towusliip  No.  4,  now  Ilurriugtou. 


■^*^ 


.148 


Bevolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


Friday  Oct.  31.  1777 All  the  troops  were  ordered  to 

the  Ehym,  and  the  prisoners  conveyed  under  guard;  the 
whipping  post  erected  a  ring  formed  and  the  prisoners 
received  their  sentences,  and  expected  to  receive  their 
deserts,  when  pardon  was  produced  to  the  groat  joy  of  the 
criminals,  and  the  universal  satisfaction  of  the  whole  pre- 
sent, who  hehaved  with  a  great  deal  of  composure  and 
decorum,  far  from  what  was  expected.  The  articles  of 
war  were  read  to  all  the  Soldiers  and  others  present,  as 
was  the  Several  orders  of  the  commanding  officer  issued 
from  time  to  time,  respecting  the  conduct  of  Officers  and 
Soldiers  iinder  good  discipline. 

Saturday  Nov.  1.  i777 "Wrote  to  Col.  Buck  and  Col. 

Brewer,  by  Capt.  Kellum  respecting  the  men  raising  there. 
Also  wrote  Ehen""  Buck  to  recruit  fifteen  men  for  Capt. 
Dyel''s  company. 

Delivei'ed  provisions  to  the  Indians  as  usual.  The  Pen- 
obscot Deputies  informed  Col.  Allan,  that  they  shall  stay 
four  days  longer. 

Sunday  Nov''  2 Nothing  material. 

Monday  Nov^  3 Had  a  General  Conference  with  the 

Indians  as  may  be  seen  by  the  memorandum  taken.  In- 
dians dine  with  the  Colonel,  the  evening  concludes  with 
mirth. 

Maciiias,    Tuesday   Nov^'  4 The    Hannah   &    Molly 

came  up  from  Buck  Harbour  with  a  load  of  hay  for  Smith. 
Heard  that  Capt.  Lawrence,  whose  privateer  was  drove 
ashore  at  St.  Johns,  went  by  the  mouth  of  this  harbour  on 
his  way  to  the  westward. 

Wednesday  Nov''  5 Nothing  material. 

Thursday  Nov''  6 Wrote  the  Penobscot  Tribe  of  In- 
dians. A  fishing  boat  arrived  from  Grand  Menan  —  No 
news. 

Friday,  Nov'''  7.  1777 This  day  was  held  a  court  Mar- 
tial for  the  Trial  of  Joshua  Brown,  for  stealing  powder  out 


J'.. 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


149 


of  the  Magazine,  and  for  absenting  himself  from  hia 
company  without  leave,  and  for  the  trial  of  Nehemiah 
Small  for  outstaying  the  time  limited  by  his  furlough, 
eight  days,  and  was  punished  by  setting  a  half  hour  on  the 
wooden  Horse. —  Also  dismissed  the  Penobscot  Indians 
with  a  letter  for  the  Tribe,  and  a  string  of  "Wampum. 
They  took  their  leaves  after  receiving  presents. 

Saturday  Nov^  8 In  the  morning   Mr   Delesdernier 

and  others  set  off  for  ^  C d  —  In  the  afternoon  Mr  Beel 

arrived  from  Mispeckey  reach,  who  brought  News  of 
Howe's  being  in  Philadelphia,  and  that  Gen'  Burgoyne's 
whole  Army  had  surrendered  themselves  to  Gen'  Gates. 
Fired  five  cannon,  x  the  evening  received  several  news- 
papers and  a  letter  from  Boston.  Heard  that  Capt.  Wing 
in  the  !Mcrishccte  was  at  the  Narrows  in  Mount  Desert, 
and  expect  him  every  hour.  Joshua  Brown  was  punished 
at  the  Rhym. 

Served  tb-.  Indians  with  provisions  as  usual. 

Sunday  N'oV  9 In  the  morning  Capt.  Knight  came 

to  the  falls  and  informs  that  Gen'  Washington  has  had 
another  engagement  with  Howe  on  a  plain  near  Philadel- 
phia, wlierein  the  enemy  were  defeated  with  the  loss  of 
4000  left  dead  on  the  field  of  Battle.  Several  cartels  had 
sailed  from  Boston  for  Halifax. 

3Ionday  Nov^lO.   1777 In   the  morning  Col.  Allan 

and  Mr  Lyon  went  down  to  the  Rhym,  where  all  the  men 
attended  at  prayers.  At  12  o'clock  fired  two  cannon  at 
the  Rhym,  and  eleven  at  the  tails,  after  which  fired  three 
volleys  by  all  the  soldiers  at  the  Rhym.  The  officers  of 
the  Army  and  Melitia  to  the  number  of  fifteen,  dined  with 
Co'  Allan  at  Capt.  Longfellows' ;  also  all  the  chiefs  and 
captains  of  the  Merisheete  Tribe  of  Indians  were  present ; 
Capt  Ludwig  arrived  with  h's  company  of  twenty  four 


■U 


I 

\ 
I 


I  ■    ( 


'Probably  Cobequid,  N.  S. 


ifffT 


150 


Eevolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


officers  and  soldiers.  In  the  evening  the  Indians  danced 
according  to  their  usual  manner  on  such  occasions.  They 
seemed  discontented,  and  said  Col.  Allan  did  not  take  so 
much  notice  of  them  as  he  used  to. 

Tuesday  Nov'^  11.  1777 The  Indians  seem  very  sorry 

for  their  conduct  yesterday,  and  said  they  were  in  liquor, 
and  did  not  know  what  they  said.  The  articles  of  war, 
and  a  resolve  of  the  General  Court  was  read  to  capt. 
Ludwig's  Company,  who  have  orders  to  be  ready  to  go  to 
the  Rhym  tomorow,  the  two  Hessian  Prisoners  who  came 
«vith  Capt.  Ludwig  enlisted. 

Wednesday  Nov^    12.    1777 In  the   morning    Capt. 

Ludwig's  men  were  supplied  with  what  arms  and  other 
things  they  were  in  want  of,  and  then  set  off  for  the  Rhym. 

Sent  a  complaint  to  Col.  Foster  to  grant  a  "Warrant  to 
search  for  tin  kettles  and  other  articles  belonging  to  the 
State,  also  gave  Lieut.  Alby  orders  to  regulate  the  messes 
at  the  Rhym.  Capt  Chase  in  the  Hannah  &  Molly 
arrived  in  the  evening  with  a  load  of  wood. 

Thursday  Nov^   13 Col.  Allan  went  down  to  the 

Ij,liym  —  The  Schooner  Polly  unloaded  and  sailed  down 
the  river.  Capt.  "Wing  arrived  at  Buck's  Harbour,  with 
whom  came  Mr  Sullivan  and  Dr.  Nevers'  son. 

Friday  Nov^  14 Early  in  the  morning  Capt  "Wing 

arrived  in  sight,  sent  down  a  boat  to  help  him  up,  and 
they  warped  up  to  the  wharf.  In  the  evening  Capi.  Jyer 
arrived  from  Waraguagus,  and  informs  that  Capt.  Gouch 
had  just  arrived  there  from  Boston,  and  brought  news 
that  there  had  been  a  general  engagement  between  Gen". 
"Washington  and  Howe,  in  which  3,000  of  the  Enemy  were 
killed,  and  all  the  rest  surrendered  prisoners  of  "War,  that 
there  was  great  rejoicing  in  Boston  on  account  of  the 
same  —  Good  weather. — 

Saturday  Nov^  15.  1777 Began  to  unload  the  Mere- 

sheete.     Served  the  Indians  with  some  Fish  in  lieu  of  half 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


151 


their  allowance  of  Beef. —  Good  weather.  In  the  evening 
Capt.  Sullivan  came  to  see  Col.  Allan,  who  said  last  fall 
that  Col.  Jones  of  Frenchman's  Bay,  before  he  went  to 
New  York,  was  obliged  to  borrow  money  to  bear  his 
expences  about  the  country,  and  that  he  had  not  been  in 
any  way  to  make  any,  and  since  he  came  back  has  paid 
near  two  thousand  pounds  which  he  owed,  and  which  Capt 
Sullivan  imagines  was  counterfeit.  A  small  Privateer 
came  into  the  mouth  of  the  river,  also  another  vessel  with 
about  thiiiy  Soldiers  on  board,  in  which  vessel.  Col.  Low- 
der,  and  Capt  Gillman  came,  and  brought  several  Letters 
and  Newspapers  for  Col.  Allan. 

Sunday  iVov'' 16 Capt.  Lemmons  and  his  company 

came  up  to  the  falls  and  drawed  provisions.  Lieut  Long- 
fellow entered  a  complaint  against  Lt.  Alby  in  conse- 
quence ordered  a  Court  of  enquiry  to  set  'tomorrow 
morning  to  enquire  into  the  Same. 

At  sunset  the  Lidians  that  went  with  Mr.  Delesderniere, 
with  some  from  St.  Johns  arrived  here,  by  whom  Col. 
Allan  received  a  letter  from  Mr  Delesdernier,  who  says 
he  hears  by  way  of  the  Micmacks,  that  Mrs  Allan  is  in 
the  Fort  at  Cumberland,  and  that  the  Loyal  Nova  Scotia 
was  at  St.  Johns.  Gave  orders  for  Capt  Lemmons'  Com- 
pany to  be  in  readiness  to  go  to  the  Rhym  tomorrow 
morning.     Good  weather. 

Jlonday,  Nov'^  17,  1777 Gave  Capt.  Lemmons  order 

not  to  go  to  the  Rhym  till  further  orders.  At  9  o'clock 
the  Court  of  enquiry  sat  to  enquire  into  the  dispute  be- 
tween Lieut'  Longfellow  and  Alby.  They,  by  the  desire 
of  the  Court,  made  the  matter  up  l)etwceu  themselves. 
Capt.  Crabtree  came  up  to  the  falls  and  brought  iip  a 
trunk  he  took  at  St.  Johns ;  with  several  Pawns,'  belong- 


*  These  •were  prol)ably  some  medals  or  ornaments  which  the  Incliiins 
often  pawn  for  rum  or  necessaries. 


•'I'; 


.1 


~^^ 


wasmmmmmamm 


152 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


ing  to  the  Indians,  and  sundries  belonging  to  the  British 
Truck  House  on  that  river.     Good  weather. 

Thursday  Nov^  18,  1777 Several  men  arrived  belong- 
ing to  Capt.  Lemmons'  and  Ludwig's^  Companies,  also 
Lieut.  Coburn  arrived  and  brought  a  letter  for  Col.  Nevers. 
Capt  Crabtree  came  up  to  the  falls,  brought  up  Dennens, 
Mader  and  Long.  Dennen  was  put  in  the  Guard  House. 
Had  a  conference  with  the  Penobscot  Indians,  Col.  Lowder 
being  present.     Good  weather. 

Wednesday  Nov^'19,  1777 Gave  Capt.  Crabtree  in- 
structions to  go  to  Musquash  Cove  and  Signal.  "Wrote  to 
Capt.  Carr  to  wait  for  Capt.  Lowder.  Capt.  "Wing  came 
up  the  river.  Serg'  Breed  and  nine  men  arrived ;  brought 
a  letter  from  Col.  Campbell  —  Good  weather. 

Thursday  NoV'  20,  1777 Wrote  to  the  General  Court 

by  Col.  Lowder,  also  wrote  Col.  Nevers  not  to  raise  any 
more  men,  and  to  disband  what  had  not  marched.  A 
number  of  Officers  dined  with  Col.  Allan.  Paid  Carr 
eighteen  dollars  for  waiting  two  days  for  Col.  Lowder. 
Mr.  Delesdernier  returned,  bringing  word  that  Piere  Tom- 
ma  and  a  number  of  Indians  are  coming.    Good  weather. 

Friday  Nov''  21, 1777 Stormy  weather.     The  Hannah 

and  Molly  returned  up  to  the  falls  with  a  load  of  Hay. 
Gave  Capt.  Wing  orders  to  put  the  Mericheete  in  readi- 
ness to  proceed  up  Cumberland  Bay. 

Saturday  Nov^  22 Capt  Wing    informed    that  the 

Meresheete  was  not  tit  to  go  to  sea,  therefore  gave  him 
orders  to  lay  her  up  and  strip  her.  Gave  Capt  Chase 
orders  to  put  the  Hannah  and  Moll;y  in  readiness  to  pro- 
ceed up  the  Bay,  changing  her  name  to  that  of  the  Meri- 
sheete.^    A  number  of  mfti  of  the  troops  volunteered  to  go 


*  He  was  probably  from  Waldoborough. 

"  This  clumging  of  name  was  probably  so  as  to  use  the  commission  that 
belonged  to  the  other  vessel.  The  name  was  first  given  to  please  tlie 
Indians  of  tliat  tribe,  although  their  name  is  now  written  Malacite,  but 
occasionally  Malasheet. 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


1:3 


in  her.  Read  the  ai^ticles  of  war  to  the  troops  at  the 
Falls ;  served  the  Indiaus  with  provisions  as  usual  —  thick 
dirty  weather. 

Sunday  iVo<;»' 23 Wrote  instructions  for  Capt.  Crab- 
tree  and  Capt.  Chase  ;  wrote  Col.  Gorham  and  Rob'  Scott ; 
sent  a  number  of  Newspapers  for  Cuniberland;  gave 
orders  for  all  the  troops  that  are  inhabitants  of  Machias  to 
be  disbanded. 

3Iondoi/ Nov.  2i,  1777 The   Maresheetc  sat  otf  on 

her  cruise.  Mr  Delesdernier  went  in  her;  appointed  Mr. 
Ray  mate  of  her ;  several  Indians  came  in  to  settle  their 
accounts.     A  number  of  Indians  arrived  from  St  John. 

Capt  Knight  from  Chandler's  river  brings  word  that 
one  Inger'^ol  has  arrived  from  Nova  Scotia,  informing  that 
they  heard  there,  that  Howe  had  taken  possession  of 
Philadelphia,  defeated  Gen'  Washington ;  driven  his  army 
back  of  the  Green  Mountains,  and  they  were  rejoicing  all 
over  the  province  ou  account  of  it.  A  number  of  men  of 
Dyer's  and  Wing's  Comp'  were  discharged. 

Tuesday  Nov^  25,  1777 The  Privateer  Congress  Capt. 

Martin  arrived  from  Passamaquody  with  a  quantity  of  salt 
belonging  to  Capt.  Long.  Gave  orders  for  some  of  Capt. 
Lemont's  company  to  go  to  the  Rhym.  Held  a  conference 
with  Piere  Tomma  and  the  rest  of  the  Indians  that  came 
from  St.  Johns.  Mr.  Ingersol  came  from  Chandlers  river 
who  says  he  left  Cumberland  about  three  weeks  ago,  that 
Col  Gorham  had  gone  to  Halifax  to  be  tried,  that  Maj' 
Souter  commanded  at  the  Fort,  that  the  families  were 
used  very  well  and  Mrs.  Allan  was  not  in  the  Fort ;  that 
several  parties  had  been  sent  out  to  endeavor  to  catch 
How  and  Rodgers,  that  it  was  reported  Col.  Allan  had 
been  in  Cumberland  and  that  Maj'  Ball  had  been  killed  by 
a  sentry  at  Halifax. 

Wrote  Mr  Delesdernier  by  the  Congress. 
20 


hi 


{h* 


! 


1 


Bna 


if'  1 


154        Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 

Wednesdai/  Nov.  26,  1777 Held  a  Conference  with 

rierc  Tomma  and  other  Indians.  A  heat  came  up  from 
the  Merichecte.  Gave  Lieut.  Alby  an  order  to  search  for 
tin  kettles  for  the  troops.  Tlie  Commissioned  officers 
and  non-commissioned,  mounted  guard  at  tha  Falls. 

Thnrsdcui  Nov^'  27, 1777 The  Congress,  Capt  Martin 

sailed  on  a  cruise.  A  committee  was  chosen  and  sent  to 
examine  into  the  accounts  of  the  Meresheete  lately  com- 
manded by  Joshua  Wing. 

Friday  Nov.  28,  1777 The  committee  that  sat  on 

Capt  Wing's  accounts  brought  in  their  report.  Mr  Doug- 
lass refused  to  mount  Guard. 

Saturday  Nov.  29, Capt  Crosby  with  a  party  of  men 

arrived  from  Penobscot,  who  inform  that  the  enemy  have 
taken  two  of  our  coasting  vessels  near  Mount  Desert. 
Served  the  Indians  with  provisions  as  usual.  Capt  Smith 
went  down  the  river  in  the  Maresheete  lately  commanded 
by  Capt.  Wing  after  a  load  of  Hay. 

Sunday  Nov.  30 The  rev*  Ja'  Lyon  preached  at  the 

falls.     Nothing  material  transacted. 

Monday  Dec'''  1,  1777 Capt.  Ilolley  sailed  for  Boston. 

Capt'  Savage  and  Wallace,  and  Mr  Ilall  arrived  from 
Passamaquody.  Gave  Capt.  Wallace  a  Certificate  that  he 
landed  his  Cargo  at  that  place.  Capt.  Savage  and  Mr 
Hall  came  from  Cobequid.  They  inform  that  Burgoync's 
disaster  had  not  reached  Nova  Scotia  when  they  left  there. 
Mr  Hall  was  taken  and  confined  in  the  guard  house  for 
deserting  from  St.  John  last  summer.  They  inform, 
they  saw  a  Brig  and  sloop  going  into  St.  John,  that  Bell 
from  'Quody  had  been  to  Halifax,  and  was  returning  in 
the  Gage  Sloop ;  that  Crabtree  and  Chase  were  at  'Quody 
yesterday,  that  they  saw  them  under  sail  for  St.  John's 
river  to  see  what  vessels  were  there.  Gave  Ilolley  a  per- 
mit to  pass  the  Fort. 

Tuesday  Dec'''  2 Capt  Savage  went  down  the  river  ou 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


155 


Ms  way  to  Boston.  Wrote  the  Gcnei-al  Court,  to  go  by 
Goueh.  A  court  Marshall  was  held  to  try  Hall  for  deser- 
tion, but  adjourned  till  tomorrow,  not  having  time  to 
complete  the  business. 

Wednesday  Dec.  8 "Wrote   the  General   Court,  sent 

them  the  state  of  the  troops.  Wrote  G  en'  Heath  — Wrote 
Messrs.  Cross  enclosing  Jones'  trial.  Wrote  Fran'  Shaw 
of  Boston  enclosing  the  boy's  Indenture.  The  court 
Martial  sat,  and  brought  in  that  Hall  should  pay  for  the 
Arms,  &c.  taken  by  him  and  Lines,  and  ask  pardon  at  the 
head  of  the  troops,  which  he  accordingly  did,  and  was 
dismissed.  Gave  Capt.  Perkins  a  certificate  that  he  had 
been  to  'Quody.  Gave  them  a  pass  to  Go  by  the  Fort 
down  the  river.  Gave  orders  for  Capt  Crosby  to  put  his 
Company  in  readiness  to  go  to  the  Kliym  tomorrow  morn- 
ing to  relievo  Dyer's  and  West's  —  Col  Campbell  arrived 
from  Naraguagus  in  the  evening.  Dan'  Austin  a  deserter 
from  West's  Company,  came  in  and  was  confined. 

E.icli''  Richardson  was  confined  for  abusing  and  wound- 
ing a  man  of  the  same  Company.  Ordered  him  to  be 
sent  up  under  a  strong  guard,  with  his  hands  tied. 

Thursday  Dee  4,  1777 CoP  jS'evers  and  Shaw  arrived. 

Wrote  Mess"  Cross  to  send  some  Articles  by  Gouch. 

A  Court  Martial  sat  for  the  trial  of  Richardson  and 
Austin  who  brought  in  Austin  to  receive  thirty  lashes  and 
Richardson  ten.  Richardson  received  his  punishment 
before  the  Troops  drawn  up  under  arms,  Austin  to  receive 
his  at  another  time.  Capt  Smith  with  the  *  Merisheete 
came  up  with  a  load  of  hay. 

Gave  Hall  a  discharge  from  the  service  for  enlisting  in 
the  exjiedition  last  spring.  Were  informed  that  a  Brig 
was  in  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  from  Holland,  that  she 
had  been  near  Cape  Ann,  and  was  Chased  off  by  a  British 
Ship,  and  came  in  here  for  a  pilot. 

Sent  Capt  Dyer  down  with  a  party  to  see  what  vessel  she  is. 


Is' 


>. : ;  I 


i'  !  ■  '  P       .  !  : 


--f 


'    I 


I  ! 


i  I 

'il 


l/f 


156 


Eevolutionart  Operations  in  Eastern 


Gave  orders  for  a  court  of  enquiry  to  set  tomorrow  to 
enquire  into  the  St.  John's  expedition.  Capt  Croshy's 
company  went  to  the  Rhym.  Gave  Col.  Shaw  orders  to 
take  Michael  Andrew  the  Hessian  prisoner  and  send  him 
to  Boston. 

Fi'idaij  Dec^  5 Capt.   Wing  left  for  Boston.     The 

Court  of  inquiry  sat  and  adjourned  till  tomorrow.  Gave 
orders  to  tlie  officers  of  Capt'  West  and  Dyer's  companies 
to  see  that  their  men  settle  the  account  of  arms,  Clothing, 
&c.  they  had  received. 

Salurdwj  DcC^  6 At   9  o'clock  Daniel  Austin   the 

prisoner  was  hrought  out  of  the  Guard  House  to  receive 
his  punishment.  All  the  troops  were  draw  up  under  arms, 
the  sentence  of  the  Court  Martial  being  read,  and  every- 
thing prepared  to  punish  him,  when  the  commanding 
officer  was  pleased  to  pardon  him.  Gave  orders  for  Capt" 
Dyer  and  West's  Companies  to  be  disbanded  immediately, 
which  was  accordingly  done,  and  for  Capt.  Crosby's  com- 
pany to  come  up  to  the  Falls ;  Capt  Ludwig  to  command 
at  the  Rhym. 

Paid  their  bounties  to  several  men  that  were  discharged. 

Only  two  families  of  Indians  came  for  provisions.  Sent 
Capt  Tibbets  down  the  river  to  see  what  vessel  was  there, 
but  who  returned  without  any  satisfactory  account. 

Sunday  Dec'' 7,   1777 Capt.   Dyer  returned   up   the 

river,  and  brings  an  account  that  the  Brig  has  come  up  as 
far  as  Birch  Point.  She  is  from  Amsterdam,  loaded  with 
Cordage  and  Linens  ;  that  she  had  got  within  20  leagues 
of  Cape  Aim,  when  she  was  chased  by  one  of  the  Enemy's 
vessels,  and  put  in  here  for  a  Pilot.  They  say  the  Dutch 
seem  very  friendly  to  the  Americans  ;  that  Long  had  been 
aboard  and  offered  to  pilot  them  to  the  Westward ;  that 
the  Captain  promised  to  come  up  to  see  the  commanding 
officer.  Capt.  Crosby's  company  came  up  from  the  Rhym. 
The  Merisheete  went  down  the  river ;  appointed  Mr.  Young 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


157 


to  act  as  Orderly  Scrg'  at  the  Falls.  The  Whaleboat  in 
which  Capt.  Dyer  went  aboard  the  Brig  was  lost. 

Monday,  Dec^  8,  1777 Ambrose,  and  a  number  of 

other  Indians  came  in  and  had  a  conference  respecting  the 
choosing  their  captains,  but  by  Col.  Allan's  desire  it  was 
put  oft'  till  Christmas. 

Sanxuel  Reynolds  of  the  Artillery  was  confined  on  sus- 
picion of  deserting  from  the  Continental  arm^,  one  of  the 
same  name  being  advertised  in  the  Boston  Gazette  in  Juno 
last.  "Wrote  Capt.  Wing  respecting  O'Brien's  wages. 
Served  the  Indians  with  their  provisions,  the  weather 
being  so  cold  on  Saturday  prevented  their  coming  in. 

The  court  of  enquiry  into  the  expedition  to  St.  Johns, 
sat  according  to  adjournment.  Gave  Capt.  Dyer  orders 
not  to  pay  oft'  the  men  in  his  company  who  went  in  the 
Expedition,  till  the  matters  are  enquired  into. 

Tuesday  Dcee))!^  9 The  court  of  enquiry  sat   again; 

regulated  the  diftbrent  companies  and  rank  of  the  officers. 

Lieut.  Scott  informed  that  the  store  at  the  Rhym  had 
been  broke  open,  and  sundry  articles  stolen.  Ordered 
him  to  oftcr  Twenty  dollars  reward  for  discovery  of  the 
person  who  did  it. 

Several  Indians  came  in.  Capt.  Smith  gave  Stephen 
Young  a  pass  to  go  to  Passamaquody.  Capt.  Gouch  and 
the  Brig  from  Amsterdam  sailed  for  Boston. 

Wednesday  Dec''  10 A  Wliale  Boat  arrived  from 

Cumberland  with  How  and  Eogers.  Farrell  k  two  de- 
serters, with  four  men  from  Capt  Chase,  who  bring  an 
account  that  Dawson  in  the  Hope  Brig  is  laying  at  St. 
Johns.  Crabtree  has  returned  home ;  Chase  intends  to 
proceed  up  the  Bay;  the  Cartel  is  lying  at  Windsor,  the 
Mate  taken  out  and  confined ;  a  small  vessel  was  sent  up 
to  Cumberland  for  the  families,  to  bring  them  to  Windsor, 
after  which  they  are  sent  to  Halifax  before  they  go  to 
Boston,  and  that  Gorham  had  been  acquitted. 


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Hevolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


Eecei  ved  a  letter  from  Capt.  Chase.  "Wrote  Mr.  Curry ; 
Gave  Ensign  Smith  orders  to  carry  the  Indians  to  Grand 
Menan,  and  then  to  Passamaquody  for  Potatoes.  Dis- 
missed Rej'uolds,  as  it  is  the  opinion  of  the  Officers  he  is 
not  the  person  advertised.  The  Court  of  Enquiry  again 
Sat.  Capt  Chase  arrived  in  the  evening  having  concluded 
not  to  proceed  up  the  Bay. 

Tlmrsdajj^  Dee  11 Settled  with  Mr.   Steel.     Capt. 

Chase  cr.me  up  to  the  falls  with  all  the  men  belonging  to 
the  troops.  Gave  him  orders  to  bring  the  vessel  up  to  the 
Falls.  Gave  the  Indians  provisions  for  their  voyage  to 
Grand  Menan. 

Friday  Dee  12 The  Hannah  &  Molly,  Capt  Chase 

Came  up  the  River,  discharged  all  the  men  on  board,  gave 
orders  for  the  guard  to  be  called  in  from  Birch  Point,  for 
Dyer  and  West  to  discharge  the  remainder  of  their  com- 
panies, and  for  the  Captain  and  the  rest  of  the  officers  to 
make  a  return  of  their  proceedings  during  the  cruise  up 
the  Bay :  Also  orders  were  Issued  for  Capt.  Chase  and  all 
his  officei's  to  bring  in  a  copy  of  their  Journal  upon  oath. 

Saturday  Decern^  13. 1777 The  Merisheete  lately  com- 
manded by  Capt,  Wing,  came  up  to  the  Falls  with  a  load 
of  Wood.  Served  the  Indians  with  pro\'isions  as  usual. 
The  Court  of  Enquiry  again  Sat.  A  number  of  officers 
and  other  Gentlemen  dined  with  Mr  Allan, 

Serg'  Cook  to  be  allowed  pay  for  acting  Serg'  Major. 

Sunday  Dee   14 Brought  up  the  stores  out  of  the 

Hannah  k  Molly.  Gave  orders  for  Capt.  Lemont's  Com- 
pany to  stay  at  the  Rhyra,  all  the  rest  to  come  up  to  the  Falls. 

Ifonday  Dcc^  15 ^Nothing  material  —  Settling  accounts. 

Tuesday  Dec^  16 Capt,  Haynes  arrived  from  I^ewbury, 

no  material  news.  Received  a  letter  from  Mess"  Cross, 
and  one  from  Anderson  respecting  the  goods,  and  one 
from  Ja'  Boyd.  Read  the  articles  to  the  troops,  exercised 
the  iield  piece  and  fired  21  rounds. —  Settling. 


Ml       ;n 


Maine  and  Kova  Scotia. 


169 


Wednesday  Dec^  17 Troops  at  work  on  the  Fort  at 

the  Falls.  Col.  Shaw  set  off  for  Goldsboro'.  Settling 
accounts.     The  Merisheete  came  up  with  a  load  of  Wood. 

Thursday  Dccf  18 Ensign   Smith   in   the   Schooner 

returned  from  Passamaquody,  and  brings  an  account  that 
Capt.  Littlefield  in  a  sloop  from  the  West  Indies  is  in  there 
with  a  V9ry  valuable  cargo.  Capt  iraynes  in  the  sloop 
came  up  to  the  Falls. 

Friday  Dec^  19 Wrote  Webb  to   come  up  and  do 

the  work  for  the  Indians.  Steele  refuses  to  do  any  more 
work  for  the  Indians.     Settling  accounts. 

Saturday  Dcc^'  20 Gave  orders  for  Ensign  Smith  to 

go  to  Grand  Menan,  to  bring  away  the  Indians. 

Served  the  Indians  with  provisions  as  usual.  The  Fort 
at  the  Falls  was  finished  this  day,  Fired  three  Cannon 
and  named  it  the  I^onesuch. —  Settling  Accounts. 

Sunday  Dec.  21 Gave  orders  for   Capt.   Ludwig  to 

disband  his  men  tomorrow  morning. —  Settling  accounts. 

Maciiias,  Dec''  22.  1777.   Monday Received  a  letter 

from  Sam^  Wallace,  Buck's  Harbour,  informing  that  Long 
had  forged  a  note,  for  which  he  received  2|  Bbls  of  Oil 
from  Clark  &  Foss.  Said  AVallace  suspects  it  is  really  a 
forgeiy  of  Long's.  Ensign  Smith  returned,  not  being 
able  from  bad  weather,  to  proceed  to  Grand  Menan.  Capt 
Ludwig  disbanded  his  Company. —  Settling  accounts. 

Tuesday  Dec''  23 Capt.  Ludwig  made   up  his  Pay 

Roll,  preparing  to  set  off";  his  men  went  down  to  the 
RhymtogoinaShalloptoGouldsboro'..  Settling  accounts — 

Wrote  Lieut.  Scott  to  send  in  all  the  accounts  of  the 
work  done  on  the  Fori  at  the  Rhym. 

Wednesday  Dec'''  24 Gave  orders  for  Capt  Lemont's 

men  to  come  from  the  Rhyni ;  wrote  to  Lieut.  Scott  the 
second  time  to  send  in  all  the  account  of  work  done  at  the 
Fort  there,  or  it  will  not  be  allowed.  Wrote  Mr  Andrews 
to  take  charge  of  the  hulls  at  the  Rhym  for  one  ration, 


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160 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


gave  him  an  order  to  draw  one  weeks  rations.  Gave  orders 
for  all  the  men  (the  ArtiUery  and  Indians  excepted)  to  be 
discharged  by  the  27"'  inst. 

W"  Young  late  from  Canada  deserted.  Gave  orders 
for  Serg'  and  one  man  to  go  after  him.  Wrote  to  the 
committee  of  Safety  respecting  him.  "Wrote  to  Ca.pt  Lud- 
wig  and  Maj'  Shaw. 

Wrote  several  advertisments  respecting  him  offering  a 
reward  of  twenty  dollars  for  his  apprehension.  A-sked  all 
the  officers  at  Machias  to  dine  with  Mr  Allan.  Capt.  Dyer 
arrived. 

Thursday  Dec^  25. 1777 Two  men  set  off  after  Young, 

with  the  letters  and  advertisments.  Capt.  Lemont's  men 
came  from  the  Rhym.  All  the  officers  at  Machias  dined 
with  Col.  Allan.  After  dinner  fired  thirteen  rounds  from 
the  field  piece.  All  the  Indians  appeared  clean  and  neatly 
dressed,  and  behaved  in  good  order. 

Friday  Dec^  26 Gave  orders  for  the  men  not  to  be 

discharged  till  further  orders,  as  a  vessel  cannot  be  pro- 
cured to  transport  them  home,  by  reason  of  the  severity  of 
the  season.  A  number  of  the  Indians  came  in  from 
Mispecky. 

Saturday  Dec''  27 A  court  of  enquiry  was  call*  to  day  at 

12  o'clock  and  examined  Kelley  a  deserter  from  Capt  West's 
Company.     Served  the  Indians  with  provisions  as  usual. 

Sunday  Dec'''  28 Nothing  material  transacted. 

Monday  Dec''  29 Gave  orders  to  carry  some  of  the 

Soldiers  to  Gouldsboro'  in  the  Hannah  &  Molly,  gave  Capt 
Dyer  his  instructions  how  to  proceed  to  the  westward. 
Capt  Dyer  and  Ensign  Butler  examined  the  shallop  and 
reported  her  entirely  unfit  for  sea.  Ilayncs,  in  Jones' 
sloop  went  down  the  river.  The  Court  of  enquiry  on 
Kelley  again  sat,  and  reported  he  went  away  designedly. 
The  Court  that  sat  upon  the  expedition  to  St.  John, 
brought  in  their  report. 


m 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


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■    Tuesday  Bec^  30 Gave  orders  for  Capt'  Crosby  and 

Lemont  to  disband  their  Companies  to  morrow  —  Settled 
with  Chase  and  discharged  him. 

Wednesday  Dec*"  21 Capt'  Lemont  &  Crosby  dis- 
charged their  companies.  The  two  men  sent  after  Young 
the  deserter  J  returned  with  him.  He  was  immediately  put 
under  close  confinement.  They  bring  word  that  a  prize 
ship  was  in  Gouldsboro'  loaded  with  liquors,  tea  and  cord- 
age ;  she  is  of  400  tons,  has  16  Carriage  guns  and  40  men ; 
was  taken  by  the  Frigate  from  Casco  bay,  who  had  gone 
in  search  of  another  ship  that  sailed  from  England  at 
the  same  time  the  prize  did.  Paid  the  men  the  reward 
for  apprehending  Young. 

Thursday   January  1.    1778 A  number  of   Indians 

came  in  from  Passamaquody  and  inform  that  fifty  men  are 
stati'^ned  at  St.  Johns.  Took  the  Mei'isheets'  commission 
from  Chase,  and  gave  it  to  Capt.  Dyer.  The  Merisheet 
sailed  for  Newbury  with  the  troops.  "Wrote  Mess"  Cross 
and  Col.  Shaw. 

The  Hannah  &  Molly  sailed  for  Gouldsboro',  with  Capt. 
Crosby  and  Company  on  board... 

Friday  Jany.  2.  1778 Strict  orders  given  out  to  the 

Artillery,  and  a  patrol  to  go  tlie  rounds  for  the  future. 

The  Indians  that  came  yesterday  also  informed  that 
Esquire  Curvy  took  his  passage  with  Littlefield  for  this 
place  ten  days  since,  and  we  are  sensible  of  their  destina- 
tion. This  morning  Capt'  Lemont  &  Crosby  set  ofl:'  for 
Gouldsboro'  by  land  on  their  way  home. 

Machias  J«?i.  3.  1778.  Saturday A41  the  Indians  at- 
tended to  receive  their  rations.  Had  a  short  conference  to 
fix  on  a  time  for  the  Great  and  General  meeting.  Col. 
Allan  informed  them  of  his  intention  of  giving  them  a 
commission  to  maintain  a  Post  at  Passamaquody,  to  secure 
if  possible  all  vessels  belonging  to  the  adherents  of  the 
British  king,  also  those  having  papers  from  both  sides. 

21 


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162 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


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Sunday  Jan.  4.  1777 A  number  of  Irdians  arrived 

from  Pasiiamaquody  and  Mispeckey  for  the  General 
meeting. 

Monday  Jan.  5.  1778 Had  a  General  conference  with 

the  Chiefs,  Sachems,  and  Young  men  of  the  Merescheet, 
Pasaamaquody  and  Penobscot,  and  some  of  the  Mickmack 
Indians,  were  among  other  matters  transacted,  a  Pos.  was 
fixed  at  Passamai;uody,  with  instructions  to  detain  all  ves- 
sels refusing  to  trade  for  paper  currency,  three  captains 
chose  and  commissi ')ned,  with  the  pay  of  Lieutenants,  and 
authority  to  maintain  that  Post.  After  the  conference 
there  was  an  entertainment,  and  an  Indian  dance. 

During  the  time  of  'Ilonference,  they  behaved  witli  the 
greatest  decorum  and  unanimity,  and  all  concluded  to  their 
great  satisfaction,  leaving  the  choice  of  their  Head  men 
with  one  voice  to  Col.  Allan.  There  never  was  a  matter 
of  this  kind  carried  on  with  so  much  solemnity  before. 

Tuesday  Jan.   6.   177 The  Indians  provided    with 

necessaries,  took  their  leaves  and  departed  to  their  respec- 
tive villages  w  ell  contented. 

Wednesday  Jan.  7 Last  night  died  J.  Baptist  Nep- 
tune, Chief  of  the  Passamaquody  Tribe,  aged  60  of  a 
billions  Cholic. 

Maciiias  Jan.  8.  1778.    Thursday Busy  making  up 

accounts  and  pay  Rolls.  Overhauled  Truck  House  account 
with  the  Major.  Ambrose  came  up  with  Lis  son  to  settle 
with  Mr  Allan. 

Friday  Jan.  9 Col.  Allan  went  with  j;'icre  Tomma 

to  the  eastern  rif  er.  Had  intelligence  of  a  vessel  coming 
from  Nova  Scotia  into  Chandler's  river. 

Saturday  Jan.  10 Col.  Allan  returned  from  the  In- 
dian Camps.  The  Indians  attended  for  their  rations  as 
usual;  several  received  provisions  that  had  not  been 
entered  before. 

Sunday  Jan.    11 Had  intelligence  from   Chandler's 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


163 


river  that  a  Shallop  from  Nova  Scotia  put  in  there  bound 
to  the  westward,  on  board  of  which  was  Capt.  Burk  and 
several  others,  making  their  escape  from  Halifax  where 
they  were  confined,  having  been  taken. 

Machias,  Monday  Jan.  12.  1778 This  morning  the 

Indians  attended  to  the  interment  of  the  Coi'pse  of  J.  B. 
Neptune  chief  of  Passamaquody. 

By  Mr  Sibly  we  are  informed  that  Capt  Gouch  has  come 
into  Gouldsboro'  from  Boston,  and  will  be  in  here  vei-y 
soon,  by  whom  we  expect  some  intelligence  from  the 
"Westward. 

Tuesday  Jan.  13.  1778 Sent  letters  to  Passamaquody 

by  Lieut  Noel  Priest,  and  Piere  Tomma. 

Had  a  Court  Martial  on  Benj"  Foster  for  neglect  of  duty. 

Wednesday  .Tan.    14 Received   sundry   letters   from 

Boston  for  Col.  Allan,  and  likewise  sundry  papers  with 
important  intelligence,  particularly  mentioning  something 
of  a  French  War.  These  were  forwarded  from  Gouldsboro' 
by  Col.  Francis  Shaw. 

Thursday  Jan.  15 Mr  Shannon,  who  has  been  with 

us  some  days,  has  completed  the  accounts. 

Machias,  Jan.  28.  Wednesday From  the  15th  Instant 

to  this  day  very  busy  in  preparing  the  papers  to  send 
Westward  with  Lieut.  Avery.  Yesterday  Major  Stillman, 
accompanied  by  Capt.  Smith  went  to  Gouldsboro'  to  em- 
bark for  Boston,  when  Lieut.  Avery  joins  him  at  Shaws. 

This  day  the  Surgeon  and  Quartermaster,  with  Lieut. 
Avery,  setoff  for  Gouldsboro',  where  I  accompanied  them. 

Just  before  we  set  off,  heard  that  the  Congress  Privateer 
had  taken  Capt.  Littlefield  coming  from  Nova  Scotia. 

The  Indians,  Capt.  Noel  Wallace,  and  Piere  Tomma 
Chiefs  being  ou  board. 


THE  DOCUMENTARY  HISTORY,  1777-82. 


Allan's  First  Report  to  the  Massachusetts  Council. 

This  Ioug;  and  elaborate  document  deserves  a  careful 
perusal,  as  it  gives  a  full  and  succinct  account  of  the  situation 
and  feeling  of  the  Micniac  tribe  of  Indians  at  the  com- 
mencement of  the  war,  and  while  they  do  not  show  any 
united  or  general  sympathy  for  our  cause,  their  admiration 
for  Gen.  Washington's  character  was  almost  universal.  A 
few  of  them  had  with  some  of  the  St.  John  Indians  visited 
the  Massachusetts  government  and  made  a  treaty  by 
which  they  had  agreed  to  join  them  and  furnish  warriors  to 
take  the  field  against  the  British ;  but  when  they  returned 
home  the  wiser  ones  saw  that  this  would  eventuate  in  the 
destruction  of  the  tribe,  for  as  soon  as  their  men  had  left 
to  join  our  army,  the  government  of  Nova  Scotia  would 
invade  their  towns  and  chastise  or  destroy  their  people  so 
they  would  be  placed  in  a  very  unpleasant  situation.  As 
Mr.  Allan  had  in  view  an  exj .edition  from  the  States,  his 
policy  was  to  keep  them  in  sympathy  with  our  cause  and 
adverse  to  the  British,  so  that  when  we  invaded  that  pro- 
vince we  could  rely  on  their  aid.  But  they  seem  to  have 
been  shrewd  diplomats,  and  v/hile  they  were  friendly  to 
him  and  nominally  to  us,  they  did  not  moan  to  incur  the 
hostility  of  the  British  who  were  near  them,  and  upon  whom 
they  were  dependent  for  many  necessary  articles.  The 
result  was  that  they  were  mainly  neutral  through  the 


'  u 


106 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


whole  contest;  a  small  part  of  them  were  sometimes  with 
the  Marishcets,  and  tlioy  seem  to  have  feared  to  join  either 
party.  This  tribe  is  a  distinct  race  from  any  other  cast 
of  the  Hudson  river.  They  cannot  he  classed  with  the 
Algonquin  tribes,  which  included  all  the  Indians  from  the 
St.  John  to  the  Upper  Mississippi,  except  the  Iroquois,  and  as 
this  confederation  had  centuries  before  often  sent  out  war 
parties  against  the  Indians  of  New  England,  and  some- 
times they  visited  the  Penobscots  and  even  the  Passama- 
quodies.  It  is  supposed  that  they  had  an  affinity  with  the 
Micmacs  who  may  have  been  originally  a  cc)lony  of  theirs, 
who,  passing  down  the  St.  Lawrence,  where  some  of  the 
Iroquois  were  found  by  Champlain,  they  finally  reached 
Nova  Scotia.  Their  language  is  so  radically  distinct  from 
their  neighbors  on  the  St.  John  that  there  is  not  a  single  word 
common  to  them  both,  which  shows  conclusively  a  distinct 
origin. 


3fr.  Allan's  Report. 

To  the  Hon'ble  Council  Board  for  the  Massac'  usctts  State  —  America. 
May  it  please  your  Honors  — 

The  Micmac  Indians  having  impowered  me  to  represent 
to  your  Honours  their  Situation,  their  reasons  for  not 
complying  with  the  treaty  Entered  into  by  some  of  their 
Young  Men  —  And  your  honours  desiring  it  might  be 
done  in  writing,  I  shall  endeavor  from  the  different  minutes 
I  have  taken  to  state  the  diiferont  movements  which  I 
presume  may  be  further  satisfactory,  their  reasons  for  not 
assenting  to  the  said  Treaty,  &  their  Present  Situation  as 
accurately  &  intelligible  as  my  time  &  hurry  of  mind  will 
permit. 

After  Hostilities  were  commenced  between  America  & 
Britain  they  appeared  very  sullen  in  their  form  &  behaviour; 
This  created  much  anxiety  in  the  mind  of  the  People  of 


Maine  and  ^ova  Scotia. 


167 


Nova  Scotia;  both  sides  seemed  jealous  of  their  Intentions. 
Even  the  Acadians  their  mo8t  intimate  Friends  wore 
strangers  to  tlieir  designs.  Tliey  did  not  as  UHual  freciuent 
the  different  Towns,  but  kept  close  to  their  respective 
Villages,  only  now  &  then  particular  ones  found  the  several 
tribes  meeting  to  Consult. 

In  the  summer  1775  Gen'  AssrTnbly  of  Nova  Scotia 
passed  an  Act  to  prevent  I'owder  going  Coastways  without 
a  special  Licence  from  Qovernnr.  at;  this  restriction  occa- 
sioned Ammunition  to  be  very  scarce  in  the  different 
settlements ;  It  affected  none  more  than  the  Indians  whose 
subsistence  depended  on  this  Commodity.  The  Intlians 
were  greatly  enrag'd  at  the  proceeding  tS;  all  the  art  & 
Insinuations  of  our  Politicians  could  not  for  some  time 
satisfy  them. 

Several  Persons  belonging  to  Government  observing 
how  highly  the  Lu^iaas  resented  the  matter  &  no  doubt 
dreading  the  Consequence  of  affronting  them,  made  it 
known  to  Gov""  Legge,  who  immediately  (with  advice  of 
Council)  Issued  out  in  a  private  niainier  a  kind  of  Citation 
desiring  all  the  Chiefs  to  attend  near  Halifax  In  order  for 
a  conference;  promising  at  the  same  time  to  furnish  them 
with  sufficient  Ammunition  for  the  winter ;  most  of  them 
attended  at  one  time,  &  the  rest  soon  after  on  hearing  of 
the  treatment  of  the  first  set.  M'  Legge  at  the  conference 
endeavour'd  to  stigmatize  the  Americans  as  much  as  pos- 
sible, calling  them  by  the  most  scurrilous  names,  stated 
the  matter  as  much  as  he  could  in  favour  of  Britain, 
requested  them  to  take  up  Arms  &  oppose  the  Rebels  & 
harrass  their  back  settlements,  mentioning  those  particu- 
larly adjacent  to  Nova  Scotia;  what  the  result  of  this 
conference  was  I  never  could  particularly  learn.  The 
Indians  have  since  said  they  utterly  refused,  notwithstand- 
ing it  was  very  certain  they  rec'd  Ammunition  Provisions 
&  Clothing,  &  it  was  obvious  to  ev'ry  Person  who  saw 


''■'  I   I 


I  ■'-  I 


Jt. 

I 

I 


iilH 


fi 


168 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


tlicm  after,  was  well  satisfy'd  with  the  Business  they  had 
traiiHactcd — This  conforeiico  occasioned  great  alarms  thro* 
the  Country,  that  is  those  who  were  well  wishers  to 
America;  Reports  were  daily  propagated  to  amuse  the 
Inhabitants  that  the  Indians  were  to  bo  Endjodied  the 
opring,  distributed  th"  the  I*rovinco  to  keep  in  awe  the 
disaffected. 

The  Tidiabitants  in  general  being  well  affected  to  the 
cause  of  America  occasioned  the  powers  of  Government  to 
exert  their  authority  in  curbing  (as  they  said)  the  progress 
of  Rebellion  passed  several  severe  acts  against  American 
principles,  the  house  of  Assembly  being  so  modelled  they 
could  get  no  redress  or  help  by  them. —  The  County  of 
Cumberland  &  the  settlement  at  Cobequid  perceiving  the 
Intention  of  Government  &  being  for  bc-^'iq  time  consider- 
ing how  to  proceed  in  joining  with  the  continent,  began 
to  consult  for  immediate  safety. 

Cum])crland  in  particular  seemed  most  assiduous,  de- 
termined if  there  were  any  way  practicable  to  throw  off 
the  Grievous  Yoke  of  Britain,  which  had  so  gauled  them 
since  their  first  settlement,  &  form  under  the  banner  of 
America. 

These  proceedings  procured  them  the  most  Inveterate 
Enemies.  Messengers  Avere  dispatched  Incog,  among  the 
Indians  to  urge  them  to  come  &  destroy  us,  and  indeed  to 
our  Grief  some  of  them  seemed  very  well  pleased  with  the 
scheme. 

During  this  the  hurry  of  Business  was  such,  &  7Tiy  In- 
disposition, being  lately  recovered  from  the  Small  Pox,  I 
could  not  myself  get  among  the  Indians.  I  sent  some 
French  to  hear  what  they  intended  doing —  I  had  the 
happiness  of  receiving  such  satisfactory  answers  that  I  had 
no  reason  to  expect  any  dilficult}^  would  happen  from  them 
at  present,  Intending  early  in  the  Spring  to  pay  them  a 
visit  —  But  in  the  month  of  March  we  were  ascain  alarmed. 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


169 


de- 


tlmt  thoro  had  been  a  general  meeting  of  all  the  Tribes 
from  Bay  of  Chalenr  to  Ciii)e  Sable,  for  wliat  end  we  could 
not  learn  —  soon  after  I  heard  that  some  were  coming  to 
Cumberland  authorized  l)y  the  whole  in  order  to  do  some- 
thing, this  prevented  my  intended  Journey. —  Soon  after 
the  arrival  of  the  Britinb  Troops  at  Fort  Cumberland 
advice  came  to  me  that  a  number  of  Indians  had  been  at 
the  ({arrison  had  a  conference  with  Col°  (lorham  &  were 
returned  loaded  with  Provisions,  Clothing  &  Ammuni- 
tion. I  immediately  proceeded  with  all  Expedition  to 
Bay  Verte  where  I  only  found  one  of  the  chiefs  just 
setting  off — I  had  a  great  deal  of  conversation  with  him. 
But  could  not  understand  what  his  Business  was  with 
Gorham ;  lie  was  very  precise  in  his  behaviour  some- 
times, &  cross,  which  did  not  a  little  surprise  me  from  the 
Intimacy  which  had  always  subsisted  between  us, —  These 
movements  occasioned  great  fear  among  the  country  peo- 
ple so  much  that  Despondency  seemed  to  take  place  with 
some. 

In  June  three  chiefs  came  to  my  House  one  morning, 
who  acquainted  me  they  had  come  to  converse  on  the 
state  of  affairs  &  consult  what  method  was  best  to  take, 
presenting  me  at  the  same  time  a  Letter  from  Gen^  "Wash- 
ington—  They  further  said  that  Gorham  had  invited  them 
to  come  &  see  him  which  they  intended  doing,  asking  my 
advice  how  they  should  behave  when  at  th&  Garrison  & 
finding  by  their  conversation  their  well  wishes  to  America 
&  their  determination  to  go  in,  I  advised  them  to  go  at 
once,  so  that  I  might  have  an  opp'  to  know  at  their  re- 
turn what  had  passed  —  I  took  from  them  Gen'  Washing- 
ton's Letter  to  keep  till  they  came  back,  they  also  delivered 
me  a  Letter  from  one  Carte  at  Merimiche  to  Col"  Gorham 
which  I  opened  &  mentioning  to  them  of  M'  Washington's 
Letter  &  something  of  their  situation  they  snatched  it  out 

22 


I     ',8 


Rip- 


170 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


of  my  hands  &  biirnt  it. —  They  refused  drinking  anything 
till  their  return  from  th"!  Garrison. 

In  the  Evening  they  returned  very  sober,  told  me  that 
Gorham  had  asked  them  several  Questions  about  the  state 
of  Canada — If  they  did  not  think  the  rebels  of  America 
were  bad  men,  whether  they  would  not  take  up  arms  to 
oppose  them,  he  told  them  they  should  have  every  thing 
they  wanted,  such  as  good  Clothing,  Provisions,  Money  & 
Ammunition  &  desired  them  to  consider  of  the  affair 
among  themselves. —  But  if  they  would  not  take  up  arms 
in  favor  of  the  King  he  expected  they  would  not  take  up 
arnis  against  him  —  Gorham  dismissed  them  after  ,<nving 
Ammunition  &  Provisions. 

Next  morning  we  conversed  pretty  largely  on  matters, 
they  said  that  Gen'  "Washington's  letter  had  given  univer- 
sal satisfaction,  they  adored  him  as  a  Saint  for  the  reason 
that  though  he  was  harrassed  with  war  himself  still  he 
tellb  us  (says  they)  "  to  be  at  peace  &  if  we  want  help  he 
will  grant  it  and  defend  us,  that  for  this  their  incessant 
prayers  were  for  his  success." —  They  further  told  me  they 
had  turned  out  one  of  their  chiefs  because  they  had  spoken 
disrespectfully  of  Gen'  Washington  they  expected  a  truck 
house  would  soon  be  erected  on  their  shore  —  and  that 
they  had  sent  John  Babtist  &  Matua  to  answer  the  Letter 
&  tell  their  good  wishes  towa;  ds  their  Brothers  the  Boston 
Men.  But  ,(say  they)  "  we  do  not  comprehend  what  all 
this  Quareling  is  about.  How  comes  it  that  Old  England 
&  new  should  Quarrel  &  come  to  bkws?  the  Father  &  Son 
to  fight  is  terrible —  Old  France  &  Canada  did  not  do  so, 
we  cannot  think  of  lighting  ourselves  till  we  know  who  is 
right  &  who  ia  wrong." 

In  answer  I  told  them  that  I  intended  to  have  gone 
among  them  to  have  a  conferenre  I'especting  these  matters 
but  on  hearing  of  their  coming  I  postponed  it.  And  that 
I  was  now  ready  to  instruct  them  in  anything  I  knew  &  in 


Maine  and  Nova  Sootia. 


171 


a  brief  manner  acquaiuted  them  with  the  nature  of  the 
dispute,  which  apparently  gave  them  much  satisfaction 
they  said  it  was  very  well  but  that  I  must  go  &  explain  to 
the  whole,  who  would  assemble  for  that  purpose  any 
where  I  pleased  to  meet  them. —  I  told  them  I  had  wrote 
to  New  England  the  state  of  the  Province,  had  particularly 
mentioned  their  situation,  &  that  when  an  answer  came  I 
should  attend  at  Coquen,  Twenty  five  leagues  from  Bay 
Verte,  but  woiil4  be  glad  they  would  send  word  when 
ready  themselves.  Intending  at  that  time  to  persuade 
them  to  a  Treaty  take  up  the  fresh  Commissions  &  procure 
them  others  from  the  States. 

Soon  after  the  courier  which  I  sent  to  Machias  returned ; 
instead  of  receiving  any  satisfactory  answer  as  I  was  in 
daily  expectation  of,  they  told  that  the  Man  who  had  been 
intrusted  with  the  packet  to  the  Greu'  Court  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts State  was  landed  from  a  Man  of  War  at  St  Johns 
that  the  packet  was  thrown  ovei'board ;  by  which  I  was 
not  only  frustrated  in  my  plan  for  reducing  the  province, 
but  at  a  loss  what  to  say  to  the  Indians  &  perform  my 
promise  to  them. —  We  were  also  during  this  period  at- 
tacked on  every  side  by  various  false  reports,  to  excite  the 
Inhabitants  to  keep  peaceable  or  fright  them  to  compliances 
with  the  mandates  of  Government.  Indians  who  appeared 
in  the  settlements  gave  great  attention,  &  it  appeared 
obvious  that  their  minds  were  too  fluctuating  to  put  any 
real  dependence  on  their  fidelity. 

I  found  my  situation  too  precarious  to  continue  in  the 
country  &  rather  detrimental  to  the  Peace  of  the  commu- 
nity as  several  express  orders  had  come  to  apprehend  me, 
&  by  the  advice  of  my  friends  determined  to  take  shelter 
in  these  new  States. 

I  was  very  anxious  to  have  a  conference  with  the  In- 
dians before  I  left  the  country,  but  found  it  very  difficult  as 
the  different  roads  &  avenues  were  guarded  to  the  place  I 


172 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


promised  to  meet  the  Indians,  nor  was  I  certain  of  meet'g 
them  &  how  they  stood  affected  at  the  time — I  waited 
some  time  longer,  when  two  Indians  arrived  for  me,  I  im- 
mediately took  some  Frenchmen  who  were  Pilots  through 
the  woods  &  set  off  the  next  day  for  Coquen'  distance  by 
land  about  20  Leagues  —  I  was  somewhat  detained  in  my 
Journey  by  a  tree  falling  in  the  night  when  one  of  my 
Frenchmen  rec'd  such  a  wound  that  I  imagine  he  is  since 
dead,  it  took  4  days  to  get  hira  to  Inhabitants. 

Before  my  arrival  at  Coquen  I  met  some  young  Indians 
who  were  coming  to  meet  me  —  They  informed  that  John 
Baptist  &  Matua  were  returned  &  had  a  great  Packet  with 
them,  but  that  it  much  displeased  the  chiefs  &  asked  me 
if  I  was  not  come  to  request  them  to  take  up  the  hatchet, 
I  answered  No  —  which  seem'd  to  please  them  much  — 
this  somewhat  -surprised  me,  I  waved  saying  any  thing 
more  to  them. 

On  my  arrival  I  was  rec'd  very  kindly  by  the  diff'  In- 
dians but  perceived  gloomy  Countenances,  after  telling 
them  some  News  Avhich  they  seemed  anxious  to  know,  I 
desired  to  meet  next  day  at  ten  O'clock  —  The  frenchmen 
where  1  lodg'd  understood  the  Language  well ;  &  acquainted 
me  that  John  Babtist  &  Matua  had  been  to  New  England 
&  had  entered  into  a  treaty  —  that  it  very  much  displeased 
the  Chiefs,  even  so  much  that  Baptist  &  Matua  from  fear 
(as  he  supposed)  told  them  that  they  were  impos'd  on  & 
had  signed  things  that  were  not  read  to  them  ;  &  that  he 
understood  from  their  dift'erent  Conversations  they  were 
determined  not  to  agree  to  the  Treaty. 

They  all  assembled  the  Day  after  21  in  number  I  asked 
them  K  there  were  any  more  of  the  chiefs  expected,  they 
answered  that  they  appeared  there  in  behalf  of  the  whole 
Micmac  tribe,  at  the  desire  &  by  the  authority  of  the 


Cocagne  ?    River  north  of  Shediac. 


r^:'^l 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


178 


absent  chiefs,  as  will  as  in  behalf  of  their  own  particular 
tribes. 

I  then  addressed  them,  that  agreeable  to  promise  made 
Joseph  Sapscruoit  I  had  come  to  have  a  conference,  not 
with  any  authority  from  the  United  StatCR  But  as  a  member 
of  the  same  Community  with  themselves,  to  determine 
upon  something  for  our  safety  and  welfare,  &  that  I  ex- 
pected soon  to  be  on  the  Continent  where  I  intended 
making  Known  their  Situation. 

They  were  very  glad,  (they  answered)  that  I  appeared  as 
one  of  themselves  &  would  be  glad  to  know  of  things  but 
that  they  were  very  angry  &  uneasy  about  some  proceed- 
ings of  John  Baptist  &  Matua :  I  told  them  we  would 
not  enter  upon  that  till  we  had  discussed  some  other 
affairs  about  the  dispute  between  America  &  Britain  — 
they  desired  me  to  proceed  —  I  accordingly  gave  a  short 
Historical  Account  of  matters  from  the  beginning  of  the 
settlement  of  America,  the  reasons  of  the  first  Emegrants 
leaving  Europe ;  the  different  Charters  of  the  Colonies  the 
unjust  demand  of  Britain  &  breach  of  Faith  —  the  usurp'd 
authority  claimed  by  Britain,  the  different  steps  taken  by 
the  Americans  for  redress,  and  finally  the  design  of  Esta- 
blishing Civil  &  religious  Liberty,  their  Power  & 
strength, —  they  Listened  with  the  greatest  attention  k  at 
the  end  of  every  sentence  gave  their  Assent. 

As  I  presume  it  may  appear  more  intelligible  to  your 
Honours,  I  shall  write  it  down,  as  the  Conversation  hap- 
pen'd,  by  way  of  dialogue  — 

A°.  You  have  now  heard  the  nature  &  rise  of  the  dis- 
pute. Do  you  think  great  Brittain  has  a  right  to  treat 
Americans  in  such  a  manner  ? 

IN".  If  it  is  as  you  set  forth  —  No. 

A".  Do  you  justify  the  Americans  in  their  opposition  — 

m.  Yes. 

A".  Then  what  objections  have  you  against  the  treaty 


:isil 

'     1 1 

i| 


P 


iiiili;  ■! 


174 


Ebvolutionaey  Operations  in  Eastern 


signed  by  some  of  your  own  tribe,  why  would  j^ou  not  join 
with  them  in  defence  of  that  Liberty  wherein  you  are 
concerned  yourself? 

IN".  Because  we  n^^/er  authorised  those  Persons  to  do 
such  a  thing,  some  of  it  we  cannot  perform,  Our  situation 
is  such  that  it  must  be  of  fatal  Consequences  to  our  Fami- 
lies should  it  (even  if  we  was  willing)  be  known  —  &  these 
Men  say  they  were  impos'd  on  &  we  are  determined  to 
return  it. 

A^  I  cannot  allow  that  your  Men  were  imposed  on,  for 
I  know  the  Gentlemen  who  made  the  treaty  were  different 
kind  of  Persons  —  I  desire  that  John  Baptist  &  Matua 
may  be  examined  before  me. 

J°  Bap'.  I  dont  believ  they  intended  to  impose  on  us 
but  as  I  was  the  only  Interpreter  I  believe  we  did  not 
understand  one  another. 

A".  You  hear  this  &  expect  that  reports  of  being  imposed 
on  be  not  propagated. 

What  do  you  intend  to  do  with  the  treaty  ? 

IN",  We  Intend  to  Carry  it  to  Fort  Cumberland  or 
Halifax,  &  Shew  it  &  let  them  know  we  intend  to  send  it 
back  —  for  fear  they  will  send  their  big  Vessels  in  our 
Rivers  &  prevent  us  from  fowling  &  Fishing. 

A°.  This  will  be  very  wrong,  you  may  affront  a  Power 
that  is  far  superior ;  the  New  England  Men ;  if  you  are 
determined  to  send  it  back  I  will  take  it  &  deliver  it  to 
the  Governors  of  the  Massachusetts. 

IN.  This  we  would  be  very  glad  of. 

A".  Since  this  is  your  determination  concerning  the 
treaty,  I  would  ask  some  Questions. 

IN.  Very  well. 

A".  Would  you  be  willing  if  in  your  pow'r  without 
distressing  your  familys  to  help  your  Brothers,  the  new 
England  Men  ? 

IN.  We  are  afraid  to  tell  you  what  we  would  do  in  that 


Maine  and  Kova  Scotia. 


175 


not 


the 


Case,  we  receive  our  present  support  from  Old  England, 
we  want  not  to  molest  any  but  be  in  Friendship  with  all. 

A°  Wou'd  you  screen  any  person  who  should  flee  for 
safety  among  you  who  might  be  drove  from  their  dwell- 
ings by  the  Britons ; 

IN.  We  would  not  hurt  them. 

A".  Do  you  incline  to  help  Britain  against  your  Coun- 
trymen the  Americans 

m.  No. 

A".  Would  you  rather  traflick  with  the  United  States 
than  with  Britain  ? 

'iN.  Yes,  very  much,  but  we  have  been  greatly  impos'd 
on  by  the  Traders  &  Fishermen  from  New  England. 

A"*.  Would  you  incline  to  assist  the  other  Inhabitants 
if  they  join  with  the  United  States? 

IN".  When  we  see  a  sufficient  Power  in  this  Country 
we  will  tell  you  what  we  will  do.  We  no  nothing  certain 
about  things,  we  know  we  must  submit  to  the  strongest 
Power. —  they  then  presented  Gren'  Washingtons  Letter 
saying  "  there  is  what  we  will  stand  to,  George  Washington 
wrote  that  we  might  continue  in  peace  if  we  pleased ;  for 
which  he  must  be  a  good  Man,  we  will  pray  for  him  &  if 
our  Messengers  had  acted  as  they  ought  &  what  we  had 
Instructed  them  with,  we  should  now  be  happy  k,  not  have 
given  any  suspicion  to  our  Brethren  in  Kew  England." 

A".  Wou'd  you  have  all  these  matters  made  known  to 
the  Governor  of  the  Massachusetts  State  ? 

IN.  Yes  Certainly. 

Matua  —  I  think  there  should  be  a  Copy  of  this  confer^ 
ence,  that  we  might  show  it  to  the  Englishmen,  that  they 
may  be  convinced  we  dont  want  to  Quarrell. 

IN.  Very  Good. 

A°.  I  think  Matua  has  a  great  deal  of  Impudence  to 
make  such  a  proposal  after  putting  us  into  such  Confusion, 
I  cannot  be  of  your  Opinion,  nor  think  it  Expedient  such 


•r.i.(er, 


r 


176 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


a  thing  should  bo  done  —  I  told  you  before  that  I  came 
not  with  authority  from  the  States,  but  only  as  one  of 
yourselves  &  that  what  we  talked  upon  there  should  be 
kept  secret  —  and  I  promise  you  that  I  will  communicate 
sufficient  to  prevent  any  hurt  coming  on  you  by  the 
Englishmen  for  anything  done  here  —  and  I  expect  from 
you,  that  you  will  not  give  them  any  Encouragement  by 
having  a  correspondence  with  them,  but  keep  them  at  a 
distance. 

IN".  "We  understand  all  this  &  think  it  very  good,  we 
will  take  your  advice  &  trust  you  will  do  what  you  can  to 
help  us  —  &  not  have  us  destroy'd  by  the  Old  Englishmen, 
nor  be  thought  Enemies  by  the  N'ew  England  Men. 

A°.  I  think  you  do  right  to  be  at  peace  in  your  situation, 
&  am  sure  your  Brothers  the  New  England  Men  want  you 
should.  Their  Young  Men  acted  foolishly  but  forgive 
them  —  Be  quiet  &  Easy  you  will  by  &  by  see  what  great 
things  God  will  do  for  you  &  us ;  Have  you  anything  more 
to  say  ? 

IN".  Yes  we  would  be  glad  you  would  write  a  Letter  to 
the  Governor  of  New  England  which  we  will  Sign. 

A°.  Please  to  choose  some  Person  among  you  to  Dic- 
tate. 

Joseph  Sapscruoit  was  chosen  —  he  dictated  what  I 
ivrote  in  the  Letter  as  exact  as  the  stile  of  their  Language 
would  any  way  admit. 

A°.  Have  you  anything  more  to  mention  ? 
They  recapitulated  over  the  Contents  of  the  Letter 
again  with  this  addition  —  You  may  tell  them  that  we 
will  send  two  chiefs  in  the  spring — Are  obliged  to  our 
Brothers  for  their  good  ofi'ers  particularly  the  truck  House 
at  Machias,  but  tell  them  it  is  no  service  to  us,  Even 
should  we  have  things  for  nothing  the  distance  is  so 
great  —  We  give  our  love  to  all  our  Brothers  in  New 
England,  &  particular  to  our  good  Friend  &  Brother  Geo. 


^':: 


• 

ame 

v'                              _       Maine  and  Nova  Scotia.                    177 

• 

Washington,  we  wish  you  a  good   Voyage,  &  that  God 

\ 

B    of 

will  take  care  of  you  &  bring  you  back  safe. 

be 

I  distributed  among  them  about  20  W  of  Tobacco  lieing 

cate                 : 

all  I  could  bring.     After   smoking  a  Pipe  together  they 

• 

the 

very  affectionately  took  leave   of  me  &  departed  for  their 

rom                 ; 

different  Settlements  the  same  evening. 

tby 

From  this  conversation   your  honors  might  reasonably 

at  a 

suppose   the   Indiana  were  very  sincere ;    but  from  their 
different  manoevers   &   behaviour,  which  I  have  seen  by 

,  we 

many  I  have  the  greatest  reason  to  suspect  their  fidelity. 

u  to 

They  think  among  themselves  it  is  a  great  Qualification 

aen, 

to  use  deception  in  these  affairs,  &  are  led  there  by  to  prac- 
tice dissimulation   &  use  every  Art   to  gain   their  Ends. 

ion, 

Where  they  perceive  an  opportunity  to  get  something,  they 

you 

will   exert  every  faculty  to   obtain    it.     Altho'  they   are 

^ive 

endued  with  some  good  Properties  &  capable  of  Improve- 

reat 
lore 

ment,  the  French  &   English  &   I  am  sorry  to   say  the 
latter   in   particular,  have   greatly  inculcated  (within  my 
remembrance)  evry  Vice   &  Innnorality  &   impaird   any 

r  to 

virtue  they  were  possesed  of. 

The  great  respect  shown  them  from   time  to  time  by 

)ic- 

different  sides  Emulates  a  Spirit  of  Ambition.    They  think 
that  they  are  of  so  much  Importance  that  many  Events 

t  I 

depends  upon  them.     I  doubt  not  but  your  honors  are 

age 

well  acquainted  with  the  nature  of  Indians  in  general,  but 
the  Micmacs  of  I^ova  Scotia  are  somewhat  different  from 
most  others. 

tter 

Their  living  altogether  on  the  Sea  Coast,  k  that  being  of 

we 

considerable  extent  mostly  settled  by  English  the  Indians, 

our 

are  generally  actuated  according  to  the  Importance  of  the 

use 
s^en 

Person  or  influence  any  one  has  who  lives  among  them. 
The  greatest  number  of  these  Persons  are  zealous  govern' 

so 

,                Men,  so  called  in  that  Province,  &  indeed  I  know  not  one 

ew 

in  trade,  but  the  French  when  settled  at  Cof[uen,  but  what 

eo.                 -^ 

arcEnemies  to  America.     Some  of  the  Merchants  are  Men 

' 

M 

*                       23 

• 

I 

•  it;  I 


178 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


i  |i| 


of  great  pi'oporty,  &  supported  also  in  these  times  by  Go- 
vernment, who  are  using  every  means  to  gam  them  over. 

I  have  rec'd  repeated  iutelligencea  of  tlieir  persuading 
Indians  to  take  up  Arms;  propagating  every  kind  of  news 
in  favour  of  Britain  &  detrimental  to  America.  The 
Indians  who  are  credulous  to  a  degree  will  listen  to  every 
report  &  generally  believe  it  &  think  every  thing  true  that 
is  told  them. 

I  would  take  the  Liberty  to  acquaint  your  Honors  that  a 
plan  has  been  form'd  (tho  not  made  publick)  to  raise  a 
body  of  light  troops,  from  Newfoundland  Capo  Breton  & 
l!'Tova  Scotia,  who  with  the  Indians  they  expect  to  raise  in 
Chauleur  Bay  k  Confines  of  Canada,  to  penetrate  in  con- 
junction Avith  others  from  Canada  by  the  river  S'  Johns 
into  the  Easterly  parts  of  this  state  to  prevent  &  Stop  tho 
Lumber  trade. 

The  personal  knowledge  I  have  of  their  ways  (tho'  ac- 
knowledged by  them  as  a  friend)  I  think  them  to  be  a 
most  dangerous  sot  of  neio-hbors  &  liable  to  do  ffrcat 
damage,  if  there  is  not  some  step  taken  with  them.  They 
are  pernicious  either  as  Friends  or  Foes  in  these  times. 
Tho'  not  brave,  are  capable  to  take  advantages  &  commit  tho 
greatest  Ciuelties.  There  is  some  few  who  Merit  esteem, 
as  honest  upright  Men,  but  thei'o  being  no  Government 
among  them,  they  are  onl}'  as  Cyphers  in  point  of  Au- 
thority. But  notwithstanding  all  their  bad  Qualities 
there  is  a  method  to  win  them.  Any  one  acquainted  with 
their  disposition  &  having  Fortitude  &  Perseverance  to 
put  up  with  their  Foibles,  &  use  such  arguments  necessary 
as  they  perceive  their  minds  are  proper  to  receive  it, 
showing  a  good  Example,  any  thing  i)i  Reason  may  be 
done  with  them.  These  circumstances  (should  it  not  be 
expedient  to  reduce  that  Province  at  present),  I  would 
reconmiend  to  your  Honors  as  my  humble  Opinion  (hat 
some  Persons  acquainted  with  thom  as  before  mentioned, 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


179 


sliould  bo  Employ'd  as  a  Super  Tntendont  or  some  other 
dignified  Office,  <&  to  keep  as  constant  as  possible  among 
them;  acquainting  them  from  time  to  time  with  the 
different  News,  &  how  things  passes  —  by  this  tlieir  dif- 
ferent movements  may  be  known ;  to  have  a  Truck  House 
erected  in  the  most  suitable  place  that  he  thinks  for  the 
benefit  of  the  States,  k  agreeable  to  the  Indians;  this 
would  be  the  means  of  keeping  them  quiet  or  from  assist- 
ing (ireat  33ritain.  I  would  observe  to  your  Honours  that 
something  of  Trade  with  the  Micmacs  would  turn  to  a 
considerable  account,  there  being  great  quantities  of  Furs 
collected  there ;  more  particular  as  the  staple  commodities 
might  be  procured  in  Nova  Scotia,  which  consequently 
wou'd  not  be  so  expensive  as  transporting  every  thing  from 
the  Continent. 

I  would  beg  Liberty  further  to  observe  to  your  Honors, 
that  a  Plan  might  be  very  easily  laid  to  procure  from 
Nova  Scotia  great  quantities  of  Goods,  which  at  this  time 
might  be  beneficial  to  the  Clothing  the  Army  &c. 

Your  Honors  may  by  this  time  think  me  lengthy  &  find 
fault  at  my  troubling  you  at  this  busy  time  with  such  a 
detail  of  things  &  the  many  repetitions  used ;  But  presume 
it  might  appear  more  clear  in  forming  a  Judgment  of  the 
Indians  instability. 

Should  it  be  approv'd  of  or  any  part  of  it  satisfactory,  it 
would  be  esteemed  aPleasure ;  if  otherwise,  your  Honors  will 
please  indulge  me  so  far  as  to  attribute  it  to  a  Heart  warmly 
attached  to  the  Liberties  of  America,  &  ever  ambitous 
w'hen  thought  to  be  performing  the  least  atom  which  might 
have  a  tendency  of  promoting  its  Happiness  &  Prosperity. 

I  am  with  the  most  Profound  Duty  &  Respect 

Your  Honors  most  Ob' 

and  Devoted  Hum'''  Serv' 
J.  ALLAN. 

Boston,  November  21'',  1776. 


■::^l 


180 


Revolutionary  OrERATioNS  in  Eastern 


Allan's  Letin  to  the  Massachusetts  Council. 


May  it  plcaHC  your  Honors 

The  necessity  of  my  speedy  departure  occtiHions  my  Jid- 
dressing  your  Honors  at  tliis  time.  You  may  think  mo 
Impertinent  and  Litigious  in  Troubling  you  so  often 
when  you  are  so  Invironed  in  l)U8iness ;  but  my  anxiety  to 
know  wluit  is  to  be  expected,  as  my  business  with  the 
Indians  is  partly  concerned  in  the  Intentions  towards  that 
country,  and  whether  the  unfortunate  Inhabitants  can  have 
any  help  or  relief  in  some  way  or  other. 

When  I  left  Baltimore  I  was  in  full  Expectations  that 
there  would  not  bo  the  Least  difficulty,  but  that  there 
Avoud  be  a  sufficient  force  sent  to  support  the  people  and 
Enable  them  to  get  out  of  the  dithculty  they  were  Involved 
in  from  the  operations  of  M''  Eddy. 

I  have  no  other  thought  but  that  your  Honors  Intends 
Acting  towards  these  people  with  humanity  consistent 
with  the  utility  of  your  Conatitxients. 

No  doubt  for  proper  reasons  and  motives  you  may  re- 
linquish any  design  you  might  have  had  of  reducing  that 
Province,  or  Enabling  the  Inhabitants  to  set  up  the  stand- 
ard of  the  United  States.  If  this  be  the  case  I  must  pray 
that  your  Honors  would  be  pleased  to  take  under  your 
wise  Consideration,  and  Grant  them  some  assistance  to 
remove  their  Families.  I  am  more  pressing  with  your 
Honors  in  this,  that  as  the  Spring  is  advancing  apace, 
when  it  is  Evident  a  more  deplorable  Scene  must  take 
place  if  nothing  is  done,  and  if  any  thing  whatever  is  to 
be  Expected  it  is  absolutely  necessary  there  should  be  some 
preperations  immediately. 

Several  of  the  miserable  Inhabitants  are  at  St  Johns. 
Many  of  them  are  come  up  here  by  M'  Eddys  still  En- 
couraging that  they  could  Get  something  done,  some  of 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


181 


which  have  had  their  all  dcstroy'd,  others  who  had  not  in 
their  power  to  see  their  Family's  hetbre  their  departure  to 
Get  anytliiiig  to  Support  tliem,  and  others  who  were  so 
kindly  dealt  with  as  to  Get  soniethinj^  to  help  them  along, 
is  now  hy  the  Exhorhitant  charges  reduced  to  tlie  sarao 
fasting  as  the  others,  your  Honors  may  Easily  C?onc(ave 
their  {Situation ;  tor  they  are  at  present  obliged  to  run  in 
debt  to  support  themselves,  which  is  accumulating  every 
day.  •• 

Should  they  be  obliged  to  return  they  dare  not  be  seen 
nor  can  they  any  way  Enjoy  their  families  without  taking 
such  Oaths  &  giving  such  Obligations  as  the  Britains 
chuse  to  Impose  on  them.  If  they  stay  this  way,  tlieir 
familys  must  be  mi8eral)le,  and  to  remove  they  cannot 
without  assistance,  for  of  their  property  which  was  Left  is 
mostly  taken  by  the  Torys.  I  trust  and  rely  that  your 
Honors  will  Consider  the  Situation  of  these  people  as  soon 
as  possible. 

I  woud  also  at  this  time  acquaint  your  Honors  that  I 
intend  making  some  part  of  the  river  St  Johns  my  place 
of  Kesidence.  On  my  arrival  there  I  shall  send  some  per- 
son into  Canada,  &  Shall  Endeavor  to  keep  up  a  constant 
Communication  for  Intelligence,  which  I  shall  advice  your 
Honors  of  from  time  to  time. 

Having  particular  Instructions  from  the  Congress  re- 
specting Trade  with  the  Indians,  at  the  Conference  which 
I  expect  to  have  with  the  whole,  Micmacks,  St  Joluis  & 
Passamaquoddys  jointly,  I  shall  settle  with  them  some 
Regulations,  for  the  Conducting  it  more  easily  &  satisfactory. 

Should  it  be  agreeable  to  your  Honors,  I  would  be  glad 
to  be  Informed  of  what  has  been  done  therein,  &  what 
footing  M''  Preble  is  upon,  that  I  may  be  able  to  Conduct 
myself  accordingly ;  also  would  be  Desirous  to  know  any 
orders  or  other  business  which  your  Honors  have  thcie 
with  the  Indians. 


182 


Revolutionary  Opeuations  in  Eastern 


Tho  proflont  Ronroity  of  things,  and  tlio  hii^li  prices 
mnlccM  it  vory  difHciiit  to  procure  hoiuo  necosHuryfl  J  am  in 
want  ott'or  tho  Indians,  particuhirly  minnunition.  T  must 
request  of  yoiir  Ilonors  to  furnisli  me  from  tlic  ])ubliclv 
Stores  sundries  ns  Pr  Mem"  for  which  I  will  bo  tieeountublo 
und  Settle  in  July  wlien  I  Expect  to  l)e  hero. 

I  must  also  l)Ci?  leave  at  this  time  to  acquaint  your 
Honours  that  the  Iidiabitants  of  the  County  of  Suid)ury  in 
Nova  Scotia  had  uuthorisad  me  to  appear  in  their  behalf, 
&  agreeable  to  Instructions,  would  make  known  their 
warm  &  zealous  attachment  for  the  United  States,  Esteem- 
ing themselves  tho  sul)jects  of  the  States  and  arc  Deter- 
mined to  defend  the  cause  of  America  to  tlieir  utmost. 
Their  Situations  must  be  somewhat  [)recariou8  should 
nothing  be  done  at  Cundjerland.'  I  trust  your  Honors 
will  order  river  St  Johns  to  be  fortified  to  prevent  the 
Britains  from  annoying  the  I]asteru  Settlements  &  open- 
ing a  communication  into  Canada,  as  I  have  before  men- 
tioned in  another  writing.  It  may  be  very  Easily  secured 
&  Defended,  if  done  before  tho  British  troops  could  Get  there. 

I  am  &c 

J.  ALLAN^. 

Boston,  February  25'",  1777. 

Silver  medals  —  Powder  —  Ball  —  Flint  —  Tobacco  — 
Axes.     Some  other  small  articles  of  Little  value. 

Should  any  of  the  above  Articles  be  in  store  I  should  be 
glad  to  get  some. 


1  Eddy  had  reported  tliat  a  second  expedition  tlicre  would  be  successful. 


Mainu  and  Nova  Scotia.  188 


Complaint  of  the  Ht.  John's  Tribe,  etc. 

To  tho  IIon'''<'  the  Council  Boiird. 

May  it  pleuHO  your  Honors 

I  liave  to  acquaint  your  Honors  that  Ambroiso,  Second 
chief  of  tlio  St  Johns  Tribe  haw  arrived,  who  complains 
that  the  Treaty  Kntcred  into  with  that  tribe  is  not  punc- 
tually fullliled  on  the  wide  of  the  States,  that  (Joods  arc 
cliarged  very  high  &  but  Low  J'rices  allowed  for  their 
furs. 

Ambroiso  &  number  of  others  have  been  with  Captain 
Eddy  at  Fort  Cumberland,  where  they  behaved  to  tho 
approbation  of  tho  Inhabitants.  His  knowledge  of  mat- 
ters that  way,  his  Intluence  Over  the  otlier  Indians  requires 
that  some  particular  notice  should  be  taken  of  him.  I 
hud  before  your  Honors  some  time  ago  a  request  for  some 
Supplies  which  Could  not  bo  Easily  procured,  otherwise  I 
must  again  Solicit  your  Honors  Indulgence  to  allow  them, 
for  which  I  will  be  accountable  k  Settle  for  them  in  J  uly. 
I  must  pray  that  your  iionors  would  allow  me  to  Get 
some  Clothing  for  Audiroiso  innuediately. 

I  troubled  your  Honors  some  time  ago  with  a  petition 
respecting  a  Commission  as  a  i'rivateer  for  a  Small 
Schooner  whicli  is  for  the  Continental  Service.  I  would 
request  to  know  if  it  will  be  allowed. 

It  being  also  somewhat  difKcult  to  Get  Guns.  There  is 
a  number  of  small  ones  &  Swivils  not  now  in  use,  &  which 
the  Board  of  war  woud  spare  if  an  order  from  your  Iionors, 
must  further  pray  that  an  order  may  be  Given  for  Four 
Guns,  two  Pounders,  &  Eight  swivils  with  some  other 
Arms  &c  if  to  spare. 

Ambroiso  acquaints  me  of  his  suspicion  concerning  tho 
Mickmacks,  which  makes  me  more  anxious  having  some 
appearance   of  Strength,  which  might  be  the  moans  of 


■ 


r\ 

i: 

\{    \. 

1? 

■ 

■••} 

i 

184 


Kevolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


Detering  tliem  from  having  any  correspondence  with  the 

Enemy,  should  they  be  so  Inclined. 

I  am  with  profound  Duty  &  Respect  &c 

J.  ALLAJ!^. 
Boston,  March  18'\  1777. 


Answer  of  the  Massachusetts  CounciL 

The  Committee  appointed  by  both  Houses  to  consider 
the  Petition  of  John  Allan  relative  to  the  Memorial  from 
the  Counties  of  Cumberland  &  Sunbury  in  the  Govern- 
ment of  I^ova  Scotia,  beg  leave  to  report  as  their  opinion, 
that  the  situation  of  that  Country  is  of  great  importance  to 
these  United  States,  &  the  Miseries  of  the  unhappy  People 
of  that  Government  require  relief  as  soon  as  may  be;  and 
as  matters  of  importance  may  be  laid  before  the  Ilon^''" 
Court  by  said  Allan  in  an  explicit  &  fuller  manner  than 
can  be  expected  from  a  Committee  who  have  not  been 
conversant  with  the  matter  before,  would  humbly  propose 
that  said  Allan  be  admitted  before  both  Houses,  that  the 
Hono^^®  Cou^'t  may  have  opportunity  of  being  more  par- 
ticularly informed  what  is  best  to  be  done. 

JOHN  TAYLOR  p'  order. 
Read  and  Concurred. 


Bcport  on  the  Memorial  of  J.  Allan,  Esq. 

3farJi  25,  1777. —  "  A  Committee  of  the  Legislature  of 
Massachusetts  reported  on  the  Memorial  of  John  Allan 
Esqr  that  there  be  two  fortresses  erected  on  the  river  St 
Johns  in  Nova  Scotia  one  at  or  near  where   Fort  Frede- 


<■  & 


m<  m 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


185 


p     1  'u 


rick  formerly  stood,  the  other  against  the  fallo  on  the  west 
side  of  the  river ;  that  a  sufficient  force  be  sent  into  Nova 
Scotia  to  secure  the  inhabitants  in  the  possession  of  their 
estates  &  to  act  as  occasion  may  require,  &  two  Battalions 
be  raised  in  this  State  &  one  in  the  province  of  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  Continental  establishment  for  the  term  of 
one  year  &c." 

From  the  above  we  can  infer  that  it  was  intended  to 
send  about  six  hundred  men  to  be  joined  by  half  as  many 
there  for  the  expedition ;  but  it  is  doubtful  if  a  hundred 
were  sent  from  the  states.  It  must  have  been  a  great  disa- 
pointment  to  Col  Allan,  but  he  does  not  seem  to  have 
written  a  word  complainingly. 

Extracts  from  a  MS  Journal '  kept  by  Brig  Gen  Preble, 
a  Member  of  the  Council,  then  the  Supreme  power  in  Mas- 
sachusetts, under  date  of  June  7,  1777.  It  says  "yesterday 
the  house  chose  Field  officers  for  the  St  Johns  Expedition 
viz  Col  Little,  Brigadier  Gen ;  Col  Allan,  1st  Col ;  John 
Preble  Lieut  Col."  Col  Little  was  of  Newbury,  he  did  not 
accept  on  account  of  being  in  poor  health  and  therefore 
Col  Allan  was  the  commander. 

"  It  was  ordered  that  the  board  of  war  agree  with  two 
armed  Vessels  to  go  on  the  expedition  &  s**  board  are  to 
furnish  all  the  apparatus  of  war  &  provision  for  the  same  — 

June  18.  Voted  a  bounty  of  6£  to  all  officers  and  soldiers 
who  shall  engage  in  the  expedition  to  St  Johns  river." 

"  Chose  Col  Wait,  Muster  Master  for  the  County  of 
Cumberland  N  S. 

Ju7ie  26.  A  letter  was  sent  to  New  Hampshire  desiring 
them  to  give  liberty  to  their  men  to  enlist  in  the  service  of 
this  State  on  the  Expedition  to  the  St  Johns  river." 


•  It  is  very  singular  that  but  slight  reference  to  this  expedition  can  be 
found  in  the  records  of  the  council  of  Massachusetts,  Was  it  not  a  secret 
one  and  managed  by  a  committee  appointed  for  that  purpose  ?  We  should 
infer  this  from  Preble's  journal. 

24 


ft 

6 
! 


186 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


"  July  18.  Ordered  that  the  board  of  war  deliver  Doct' 
Abel  Marsh  and  Charles  Phelps,  300  arms  for  the  use  of 
Daniel  Clap,  appointed  commissary  for  the  St  Johns  expe- 
dition ;  also  150  ibs  of  Powder,  300  ft  lead  &400  flints." 


Official  Report  from  Auk-pake. 

AuKPAQUE,^ River  St  Johns,  Junel%,  1777. 
May  it  please  your  Honors 

I  wrote  you  on  the  18*''  26"'  &  30'"  Ult»,  giving  your 
honors  an  account  of  the  Various  movements  of  the  Enemy 
at  St  Johns  &  their  Leaving  it.  According  to  what  I 
mentioned  in  my  last  the  same  day  (30*)  I  proceeded  with 
4  "Whale  Boats  &  4  Birch  Canoes,  having  Cap"  West  & 
Twenty  men  under  his  command,  which  with  the  Indians 
&  my  own  men  amounted  to  forty  three.  I  arrived  at 
Passamaquody  By  6  o'clock  next  morning,  &  that  Evening 
reached  the  Chief  of  Passamaquody's  "Wigwam,  where  I 
found  three  Birch  Canoes  for  St  Johns  who  had  come 
thro  the  Lakes  for  me.  On  my  Landing  I  was  Saluted  By 
all  the  Indians,  who  ranged  themselves  in  a  Single  file 


'This  place, once  so  impoitaut  as  a  military  point  and  probably  for  cen- 
turies a  place  of  residence  for  the  Indians,  has  now  become  almost  un- 
known and  difficult  to  locate,  as  it  is  not  named  upon  modern  maps.  It 
is  about  seven  miles  above  Fredericton.  On  Jeffrey's  map  it  is  spelled 
Ock  pack ;  on  the  manuscript  maps  in  the  land  office  at  Fredericton  it  is 
spelled  in  vaiious  ways. 

The  word  describes  a  beautiful  expanding  of  the  river  occasioned  by 
numerous  islands  on  the  largest  of  which  (Sundous)  the  fortifications  and 
buildings  were.  The  word,  probably  formerly  Auke-nepe  Auke  —  seemed 
to  embrace  the  river  and  the  islands.  The  stream  which  enters  the  St. 
John  here  is  quite  small. 


fm 


I  t     '''l| 


i   * 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


187 


(about  thirty)  and  fired  several  Rounds  in  their  fashion,  I 
had  a  Conference  the  same  Evening  with  much  Satis- 
faction. After  Refreshing  the  men,  I  dispatched  Cap' 
"West  with  his  Boats  for  St  Johns  to  prevent  IntelHgence 
of  our  movements.  The  next  morni)ig  (Sunday)  I  set  off 
with  Thirteen  Canoes,  overtook  Cap"  West  same  Evening 
arrived  at  Musquash  Cove,  about  9  miles  from  St  Johns 
there  I  formed  our  position  to  go  on.  After  getting  Some 
Refreshment  I  sent  ofl'  about  10  o'clock  at  night,  Cap"  John 
Preble  with  Two  Indians  in  a  Birch  Canoe  to  the  Har- 
bour for  discovery.  In  about  an  hour  after,  I  set  off  with 
Two  Boats  &  6  Birch  Canoes,  Leaving  the  other  Two  Boats 
provisions  &c  with  other  Canoes  which  had  familys,  to 
come  next  day ;  but  notwithstanding  our  dispatch  it  was 
clear  daylight  before  we  arrived.  Finding  the  coast  clear, 
&  being  determined  to  Seize  Hazen  &  White  who  were  the 
promoters  of  bringing  the  Man  of  War  there,  I  immedi- 
ately sent  off  Cap'  West  with  16  men  to  cross  above  the 
falls,  distant  three  miles,  &  an  Indian  Mnth  a  Birch  Canoe  ; 
all  which  was  Executed  so  well,  that  about  6  o'clock  both 
these  Gentlemen  were  Secured.  About  9  o'clock  I  arrived 
at  the  old  Fort  (Frederick)  when  Capt"  West  came  across 
with  his  prisoners ;  on  conferring  with  them,  they  utterly 
denied  having  anything  to  do  in  the  matter,  but  said  it 
was  a  Premeditated  design  of  the  Government  since  Eddy's 
affair;  that  Col"  Gould  told  them  it  was  determined  to  erect 
a  fort  at  the  mouth  of  the  River  &  one  about  40  miles  up ; 
that  Gould  returned  with  the  utmost  dispatch  with  a  draft 
of  matters  in  order  to  Return  with  all  Expedition.  After 
Conversing  sometime  with  These  men,  I  thought  it  expe- 
dient from  my  own  Situation  &  circumstances  of  things  on 
the  River,  which  by  this  time  I  became  more  acquainted 
with,  to  Leave  these  Gentlemen  on  their  Parol^,  with 
their  Families  till  the  determination  of  the  court  was 
known,  or  more  Strength  ;  I  accordingly  Sent  them  Home, 


(  \ 
1 1 


tr'V^, 


188 


Revolutionary  Operations 'in  Eastern 


and  that  afternoon  Passed  the  Falls  with  all  the  Boats  & 
Canoes.     The  whole  having  arrived  by  4  o'clock  P.  M.,  I 
Encamped  about  one  mile  above  the  Falls,  where  I  received 
a  more  certain  account  of  the  difterent  movements,  and  I 
am  sorry  to  say  that  the  people  has  not  acted  with  that 
Spirit  as  becomes  the  Subjects  of  Liberty.    Much  Division 
has  been  among-  them,  those  who  were  Spirited  in  the 
cause  followed  too  much  the  method  of  the  Continent  by 
letting  the    disaifected  go   abovit   &   Insinuate  Different 
Tales,  &   having  no  incouragemeut  of  succor  from  the 
Westward  and  being  Surprised  so  Suddenly,  the  whole 
gave  up  &  are  now  become  the  Subjects  of  Britain.    The 
greatest  Part  is  I  believe  as  Zealous  as  ever,  &  it  is  their 
Earnest  request  that  a  Sufficient  Force  may  be  sent  from 
the  continent ;  are  also  consious  of  what  will  be  the  conse- 
quence Should  the  Britains  Get  a  Hold  here,  as  it  will 
command  the  Eastern  Country  and  open  a  communication 
into  Canada.   All  that  I  can  say  for  the  Inhabitants  is  this, 
that  they  might  have  veiy  Easyly  defended  the  mouth  of 
the  River  by  Securing  the  Falls   against   1000   men,  but 
they  neglected  this  from  Various  obstructions  in   their 
Consultations;    they  admitted  The  Britains    about    100 
men  to  Surprise  them  Suddenly,  and  Passively  Submitted 
&  took  the  oath  of  allegiance.     Many  of  them  were  Rob'd 
of  their  all,  many  were  those  who  had  taken  the  oath ;  they 
appeared  by  what  I  can  learn  dejected  &  forlorn  &  Sorry 
for  what  is  done,  but  how  to  manage  the  affair  they  appear 
at  a  Loss,  stupid  &  fluctuating.     From  this  your  Honors 
may  form   a  Judgment  of  the  Situation   of  this  River. 
Thus  Some  that  are  great  Zealots  for  Britains,  among  them 
is  one  Lewis  Mitchell,  who  is  well   acquainted  with  the 
different  Parts  of  the  Country  and  often  goes  to  Halifax, 
is  of  an  Insinuating  Turn,  Particularly  among  the  French 
and  Indians;  he  was  one  of  the  two  who  went  last  March 
to  git  Troops,  I  was  determined  to  Secure  him  if  possible. 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


189 


On  the  3d  Instant,  I  gave  Capt"  West  his  Instructions 
which  was  to  Range  the  Woods  from  Hazens  across  the 
River  above  the  falls  Round  to  the  Old  Fort,  to  keep  him- 
self Secret,  not  to  be  any  where  but  in  the  Woods  & 
Endeavor  to  annoy  &  disturb  the  Enemy  in  their  Lodge- 
ment (should  they  come)  till  further  orders.  I  proceeded 
myself  with  Two  Boats  &  6  Birch  Cannoes  up. the  River 
on  the  4*''  about  10  o'clock  M'  Preble  and  me  with  three 
Indians  went  to  Mitchel's  house  &  took  him.  lie's  now  a 
Prisoner  with  me.  In  the  afternoon  I  got  up  to  Maugeville  ^ 
&  went  ashore  opposite  the  Town  &  wrote  a  letter  to  the 
inhabitants  (a  copy  of  which  is  here  for  your  Honors 
Perusal)  I  would  observe  to  your  Honors  that  upon  hear- 
ing of  the  Inhabitants  Submitting  to  Brittan  I  was 
determined  not  to  go  in  to  any  of  the  Houses,  nor  go  to 
any  Settlement,  nor  have  any  Connection  or  Intercourse 
with  them,  otherwise  than  procuring  Some  Refreshments, 
&  every  night  I  Encamp  in  the  Woods,  distant  from  any 
House.  On  the  5"'  at  day  light  Proceeded  on,  when  within 
one  mile  of  the  Indian  Settlement,*  a  centery  Hailed  &  de- 
sired us  to  stop  till  he  acquainted  the  Rest  of  our  coming. 
After  a  Signal  was  given  we  Proceeded,  When  in  Sight 
the  Indians  formed  in  a  Single  Line  between  Forty  or  fifty 
in  their  Shirts  Painted,  fired  a  fieu  de  joy  which  we  an- 
swered, upon  my  going  ashore  Pierre  Toma,  Ambroise  & 
the  other  chiefs  receiv"*  me  in  form.  I  walk'd  towards  the 
Wigwams,  when  passing  the  Line  of  Indians  before  men- 
tioned, they  began  a  firing  &  continued  some  minutes. 
After  them,  all  the  Squaws  ranged  along,  curtsying  as  I 
passed,  went  to  Ambroise's  Wigwam  where  all  the  cap- 
tains attended,  &  the  young  men  came  in  one  by  one  & 
Saluted  me  &  then  went  of.  We  passed  the  Evening  in  tcll- 


1  Maugerville. 
*  Aukpack. 


190 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


=   ( 


I    : 


ing  news,  I  Lodg'd  in  the  wigwam.  I  am  Rather  more 
Particular  in  mentioning  these  Triffling  matters.  It  is 
only  to  give  your  Honors  an  Idea  of  Their  ways  &  the 
Friendship  which  some  of  them  Retains  for  America,  who 
were  the  occasion  of  this  method  of  complimenting. 

I  shall  very  Likely  be  very  Particular  in  communicating 
our  Different  proceedings  &  conferences,  till  your  Honors 
desire  me  to  Desist  from  Troubling  you.  The  next  day  I 
conversed  with  several  Indians  privately  &  found  that  I 
had  a  very  hard  task  to  go  through  with,  Little  hopes  of 
success.  I  found  that  several  were  Vastly  fond  of  Col° 
Gould  and  Seemed  Undetermined  what  to  do.  When  some 
of  the  chiefs  were  on  Board,  the  Bible  was  presented  for 
them  to  swear  Allegiance  which  they  comply'd  with.  Piere 
Toma  in  Particular  appeared  enraged  at  his  Treatment 
when  in  Boston,  said  he  was  not  Treated  as  he  ought  to  be 
&  what  was  promised  him,  therefore  he  was  determined  to 
go  to  Halifax.  I  used  every  argument  I  was  master  of  to 
Dissuade  him  from  his  Design  &  to  convince  him  of  the 
good  Disposition  &  Intention  of  the  States  towards  the 
Tribes  &  that  I  had  come  to  do  them  Justice,  with  the 
Same  authority  as  Monsieur  Beanebeau  are  in  the  French 
time.  This  pleased  them  much,  &  upon  the  whole  I  gained 
such  an  assendency  over  the  other  Indians  that  they  Inter- 
posed, for  the  Present  appeared  somewhat  Satisfied  till 
another  conference  among  themselves.  On  the  7th  about 
11  o'clock  I  was  sent  for  to  Piere  Toma's  Wigwam  where 
I  found  all  the  chiefs  &  Young  men.  After  I  was  Seated, 
Ambroise  rose,  and  in  a  Solomn  Attitude  addressed  the 
chiefs  giving  an  account  of  his  Embassy  and  deP  him  a 
string  of  Wampum,  Then  addressed  the  young  men  in  the 
same  manner  delivering  them  another  String  of  Wampum. 
They  all  answered  him,  agreeing  with  what  he  had  done  & 
that  they  were  Still  united  in  friendship  one  with  another, 
they  then  dispersed.     About   an  hour  after,  I  was  again 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


191 


sent  for  to  Ambroises  Wigwams,  where  I  found  the  whole 
Present,  one  of  the  Chiefs  then  Rose  &  addressed  me  in 
the  same  manner  as  Monsieur  Beauebeau  was  in  the 
French  time,  as  their  country  man,  in  behalf  of  the  congress 
&  Gen'  "Wfishington.  After  talking  much  upon  matters  con- 
cerning themselves  &  welcoming  me,  I  was  presenf*  with  a 
String  of  Wampum  from  the  Chief,  then  another  String 
was  Given  from  the  chiefs  &  Young  men.  Pierre  Tomma 
then  Rose  &  taking  the  two  Strings  from  me,  addressing 
me  in  behalf  of  the  whole  jointly,  &  then  Returned  them  to 
me.  We  then  Parted,  after  I  had  Invited  them  to  my  House 
on  Monday  to  give  them  an  answer,  on  which  day  they 
all  attended  when  I  delivered  them  three  Strings  of 
Wampum.  After  Introducing  the  conversation,  I  Stated  to 
them  as  clearly  as  Possible  the  nature  of  the  dispute  & 
what  occasioned  the  war  between  America  &  Britain,  all 
which  apparently  gave  much  satisfaction,  we  parted  great 
friends.  I  have  ever  since  attended  the  Visiting  the  dif- 
ferent Wigwams  &  conversing  privately  with  them.  Giv- 
ing them  a  minute  Detail  of  matters,  which  they  gave 
great  attention  to.  On  the  S"*,  I  Rec*  a  Letter  from  Capt" 
West,  giving  me  an  account  of  his  taking  a  Schooner  from 
Halifax  with  Sundrys  on  board,  a:  nong  which  was  some 
English  goods  which  I  should  have  been  Extremely  glad 
of  had  they  Been  sent  up  here ;  but  for  fear  of  Being 
Blocked  up,  he  sent  them  to  Machias,  2  days  after  Col°  Shaw 
arrived  at  the  mouth  of  the  River  with  45  men.  On  the 
9""  T  received  Inteligence  in  9  days  from  Quebeck,  that 
Gen'  Burgoyne  arrived  there  about  the  16*  of  May,  with 
about  three  Hundred  [so  written]  men.  He  stay'd  there  but 
Eight  &  forty  hours  &  Sett  oft"  for  the  Lakes,  the  Canadians 
were  very  much  distressed  that  every  6"*  man  was  Drafted 
&  were  daily  deserting,  that  they  were  very  much  dis- 
couraged and  appeared  certain  that  they  could  not  Pene- 
trate far  as  they  heard  of  the  Great  Strength  of  Ticonde- 


I       1 


*-:  ;F- 


;    I 
i     : 


192 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


roga ;  that  those  that  were  advocates  for  America  suffered 
much.  Gov'  Carlton  is  to  continue  at  Quebec.  On  the 
ll*"*  Mess"  Ilazen  &  White  arivod  having  been  made 
Prisoners.  On  Seeing  tlie  British  Ship  coming  into  the 
River,  which  prov'd  to  be  the  Vulture'  Sloop  of  War, 
with  her  came  a  Sloop  with  Supplies,  Capt°  W  est  Boarded 
the  Sloop,  but  such  numbers  coming  from  the  Ship,  &  no 
Prospect  of  Success,  he  thought  best  to  Quit  her,  the  Brit- 
tains,  being  somewhat  Intimidated,  Thought  Proper  to  Set 
sail  the  next  day ;  but  I  fear  their  Return  with  superior 
Force. 

I  have  sent  a  canoe  for  other  Indians  on  the  Head  of  the 
River  Whom  I  expect  this  week.  I  have  sent  another  to 
Meramichee  ^  with  a  String  of  Wampum,  to  Let  them 
know  of  my  Business  and  Intention  of  Being  among  them, 
which  I  Intend  doing  when  I  can  get  the  St  Johns  Indians 
a  little  more  Secure  &  Settled.  A  number  of  them  I  expect 
will  go  with  me.  I  have  also  sent  off  after  an  English  officer 
who  is  among  them  up  the  River  who  calls  himself  a  de- 
serter, but  I  presume  is  a  spy. 

Since  my  arrival  I  have  Imploy*  Several  of  the  Indians 
in  Sending  them  about  with  Express  to  the  other  Tribes, 
By  which  I  keep  up  their  Spirits.  I  am  compel'd  at  Present 
to  Stay  here,  for  I  Fear  on  my  Leaving  this  place  the 
Indians  woud  be  Immediately  down  the  River.  The  Im- 
pression Col°  Gould  has  made  on  their  minds  Seems  to 
occation  an  unsteady  conduct,  so  much  (that  notwithstand- 
ing) their  Fair  Speeches  &  friendly  behaviour  at  Times  I 
after  all  think  they  will  leave  us.    I  can  hardly  write  any 


iThe  Vulture  is  the  very  ship  to  which  Arnold  escaped  at  the  time  of 
his  treason,  and  St.  John  was  for  many  years  his  residence,  his  house  was 
standing  a  few  years  since,  and  his  pew  in  the  Episcopal  church  is  still 
pointed  out  to  strangers. 

*Miramichi. 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


103 


thing  certain  about  them  and  I  doubt  not  my  own  Letters 
contradictone  another;  forthcirBehaviouris  so  Changeable, 
and  when  any  thing  ia  on  the  Carpet  on  Either  Side  tlioy 
appear  so  assiduous  &  Sanguine  that  I  am  often  Led  to 
suppose  they  are  come  to  final  Determination,  which  brings 
on  an  unsteadyness  in  my  own  conduct  with  them,  «fe  my 
Letters  often  dictated  as  the  Situation  of  my  mind  is  after 
a  conference.  But  upon  the  whole  I  must  say  there  is  none 
acted  more  virtuous,  Even  Those  that  are  more  Refined. 
They  are  naked  &  in  great  want  of  Provision,  notwith- 
standing they  Persevere,  and  only  in  distress  will  Purchase 
from  the  adherants  of  Great  Brittairi.  Many  of  them  Since 
the  Treaty  &  Promise  made  them  have  quited  Hunting. 
Their  familys  I  find  in  Great  Distress,  with  many  Com- 
plaints. On  the  arrival  of  Col"  Shaw  I  called  a  meeting  of 
Chiefs  Sachems  &  Young  Men  to  Lay  in  their  Complaints 
and  upon  the  whole,  was  told  that  they  had  not  the  Treat- 
ment they  Expected.  This  Expectation  was  founded  on  the 
French  Custom  which  was  when  they  went  to  war  their 
familys  were  Supplyd,  and  whatever  was  Lost  in  war  or 
drunkeness  was  made  up  to  them ;  for  they  say  the  Evil  which 
arises  to  them  is  in  Consequence  of  their  being  in  the  Ser- 
vice. There  is  no  convincing  them  to  the  contrary,  they  say 
they  were  also  Promised  hard  money  &  many  other  things. 
Their  councils  have  often  met  since  my  arrival  here,  and 
have  always  been  called  to  consult  their  maner  &  behaviour 
is  both  Solemn  &  Orderly.  I  have  Somewhat  Elated 
their  spirits  &  ambition  By  convincing  them  of  their  Con- 
sequence. Among  other  matters  agreed  upon  whb  the  Prices 
of  Furrs  are  placed  high,  But  this  I  presume  a  Piece  of 
Policy  from  this  Reason  that  it  was  no  Likelyhood  any 
American  wou'd  purchase  furrs  with  hard  money,  that 
Furrs  sent  to  the  Continent  bears  a  great  advance  Equive- 
lent  to  the  goods  purchased,  that  this  method  would  naturally 
occation  a  jealousy  &  dispute   between   the  Indians  and 

25 


'iiiii: 


i 


194 


EeVOLUTIONARY    OrERATIONS   IN   EASTERN 


the  Adherents  of  Britain  ;  ns  the  Latter  would  "Refuse  to  pay 
the  Price  &  very  Likely  Supplys  might  not  arrive  time  enough 
from  the  Continent,  all  which  I  thought  wou'd  Tend  to  tlie 
Service  of  the  States,  This  arrangement  is  to  the  1"  of  Janu- 
ary. I  have  only  to  add  in  Kespect  to  the  Indians,  that  there 
must  he  timely  Supplys.  It  will  now  take  15  or  20  Pieces 
of  Strouds'  for  this  Tribe,  besides  other  matters  in  propor- 
tion &  a  considerable  (Quantity  of  Corn  &  other  Provisions. 
It  cannot  be  Supposed  that  these  I'ersons  will  Keep  always 
so  quiet  without  assisting  them  (I  mean  for  their  furrs  in 
payment) ;  if  they  are  Forced  to  Deal  with  the  Brittains 
the  consequence  is  obvious  &  sure,  &  it  must  soon  take 
place  if  not  speedily  prevented.  I  would  Try  at  Maremechee 
for  some,  but  money  is  wanting.  M'  John  Preble  has 
been  very  assiduous  and  active.  He  was  forced  to  flee 
&  secure  his  effects  in  the  woods,  Quantity s  of  which 
are  found  &  embezzled  by  Tories  and  Soldiers.  Some- 
things has  been  got.  I  have  ordered  them  to  be  removed 
from  Maugerville  to  this  Place,  the  Indians  have  taken  most 
of  them.  I  have  sent  Mr.  Preble  to  Machias  for  what 
Things  I  bought  &  to  Procure  what  Else  he  can,  Before 
the  Brittain's  Get  to  the  River.  But  after  all  this  Prepara- 
tion if  a  Force  Does  not  come,  it  will  be  Impossible  to 
Keep  their  Interests.  I  am  at  Present  at  every  Great 
Expense,  having  been  forced  to  be  very  Lavish  &  Likely 
to  be  far  more  than  I  Expected.  I  must  therefore  Earn- 
estly request  your  Honours  to  give  me  Speedy  Information 
what  is  your  Intention  that  I  may  order  things  accordingly. 
I  have  Received  no  Particular  news  from  Cumberland  nor 
do  we  Know  any  thing  of  the  State  of  the  Familys  Since 
Decem',  Any  more  than  In  General,  the  Property  of  per- 
sons absconding  h  those  who  Refuse  the  oath  is  mostly 
seized  &  sold.  Several  Familys  turned  out  of  their  houses. 


*  Strouds  a  kind  of  coarse  cloth  much  worn  by  the  Indians. 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


195 


I  am  rather  afraid  to  soiid  to  Know,  for  fear  of  Exasperat- 
ing ^^'  to  hear  of  more  cruelty.  I  Little  Expect  to  see  my 
family  this  year  if  ever.  The  River  is  now  Quiet  00  men 
at  the  mouth  of  the  River  &  my  Keeping  the  Indiana 
at  Homo  &  now  &  then  Raising  a  small  Alarm,  to  put 
the  Indians  in  a  little  motion.  Staggers  the  whole  Inhabit- 
ants &  Keeps  any  Inclination  from  attempts  at  any  thing. 
Many  have  been  Here  making  the  greatest  profession  of 
Friendship.  I  desire  them  to  Keep  away.  I  was  determined 
to  have  no  connection  whatever  with  any  others  but  the  Inds. 
&  declined  any  of  their  Company  this  way,  as  I  should 
not  trouble  any  of  their  homes,  and  as  yet  I  have  not  been 
in  any  House  since  I  am  on  the  River.  The  bearrer  Doc' 
Nevers,  who  is  a  Person  who  has  Sutt'ered  the  greatest  hard- 
ships, the  most  part  of  his  Interest  carried  oiY  by  Mr.  Gould 
&  liimself  Lyable  every  day  to  be  made  a  Prisoner,  his  Cha- 
racter in  Private  Life  as  well  as  his  zeal  for  his  Country 
Being  a  Great  Instrument  in  Keeping  the  Indians  Quiet  in 
Furnishing  them  with  Provisions  &c.,  merits  the  friendship 
of  every  person  concerned.  Must  therefore  recommend  him 
to  your  Honors  favours.  The  Schooner  which  West  took 
&  sent  to  Machias  belongs  to  the  States,  Except  so  much 
as  the  States  pleases  to  allow  to  the  Captors.  Your  Hon- 
ours will  please  to  Authorize  Capt"  Smith  or  Some  other 
Trusty  Person  to  secure  the  Property.  June  20"'  This 
afternoon  3  Birch  Canoes  arrived  from  the  head  of  the 
River,  with  seven  very  respectable  men  (Chiefs),  they  sent 
for  me  &  presented  me  with  a  string  of  wampum.  Declaring 
the  utmost  friendship,  signifying  their  acknowledgement 
&  obligations  in  sending  to  them  in  such  a  friendly  manner. 
I  expect  a  Conference  to  morrow.  About  an  hour  after  the 
Canoe  returned  from  Maremishe,  one  came  from  the  mic- 
macs,  sending  me  a  long  string  of  wampum  Declaring 
their  most  fervent  Zeal  for  America,  with  their  good 
wishes  &  Love  toward  me,  that  an  Express  was  immedi- 


■A\i 


!   m 


'mi 


i 


.1^' 


i 


i  III 
i 


196 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


atcly  sent  oft'  to  Collect  the  whole  Chiefs,  At  MareniiHlio 
whore  I  shall  meet  them.  By  this  Last  canoe  I  hoard  of  a 
Boat  from  Cumherland  with  10  unhappy  persons  being 
Down  the  River  on  their  way  to  this.  I  also  mention  that 
paper  money  will  not  pass  at  present.  Let  mo  beseech  your 
Honours  to  consider  this  Distressed  country. 

AuKE  Paque  June  24'^  1777. 
May  it  please  your  Honors 

I  have  just  heard  of  an  oportunity  down  the  River; 
have  only  time  to  acquaint  your  Honors  that  a  Number  of 
the  unhappy  people  of  Cumberland  arrived  here,  being 
forced  from  there  by  the  Severe  &  Rigid  mandates  of  the 
British  Tyrant,  whose  subjects  are  persecuting  the  unhappy 
suft'erers  with  unrelenting  malice  and  fury.  The  common 
appellation  is  to  "Women  Damn'd  Rebel  Bitches  &  whores, 
Excuse  the  rough  Expression,  &  often  kicked  when  met  in 
the  street.  My  unhappy  "Wife  has  been  often  accosted  in 
this  manner.  No  man  whatever  called  an  American  is 
permitted  to  appear  in  Court  even  those  who  have  taken 
the  Oath.  Majistrates  sends  warrants  by  any  person; 
peoples  Eft'ects  are  taken  and  immediately  put  up  for  sale. 
However  they  are  much  Intimidated  and  from  their  Cruel 
Behavor,  Consciencious  Guilt  flies  in  their  face,  dread  & 
fear  is  about  them. 

Nova  Scotia  is  at  present  very  weak.  Easy  would  it  be 
to  overset  the  whole  British  power. 

Col  Gorham  has  acted  the  Humane  part.  The  Yorkshire 
men  from  England  Lately  are  the  most  Villianous  set  of 
miscreants,  it  is  them  who  occation  this  horrid  Scene. 
Gorham  acts  Counter  to  them.  There  is  Great  Dissen- 
tions  among  the  Officers  in  the  Garrison,  several  duels 
fought  this  winter,  many  Tryals  for  meeting.  Gorham  it 
appears  does  not  keep  Company  vnth  but  2  or  3  of  his 
own  officers.     Two  of  the  officers  about  three  weeks  ago, 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


197 


(ono  of  which  was  a  French  officer,  who  Deserted  from 
the  Lino  at  Canibrid^o  named  Buordyne)  fouglit  a  duel, 
when  the  Frenclunan  wiih  sj^ot  dead  upon  the  spot. 

1  must  pray  your  Honors  to  hasten  your  Determination 
about  this  country.  There  is  a  C^onsiderable  Exi>enst'  at 
present,  which  I  wou'd  Chuse  to  drop  if  nothing  further  is 
to  bo  done  —  but  I  must  Earnestly  request  three  or  four 
Hundred  men  for  this  River  &  to  Remove  Familys  &c 
from  Cumberland.  God  only  knows  what  will  become  of 
these  unhappy  people  if  your  Honors  do  not  assist  them. 
1  am  with  the  Greatest  Esteem  &  Respect 

Your  Honors  &c 

J.  Allan. 

P.  S.  Docts  Clark  &  some  others  who  were  Prisoners  in 
Halifax  have  arrived  here. 


it  be 

:shire 
Iset  of 
scene, 
lissen- 

duels 
lam  it 

>f  his 
ago, 


Letter  substituted  in  Place  of  Col.  Allan's. 

[The  letter  of  Col.  Allan,  giving  the  account  of  the 
skirmish  at  the  mouth  of  the  St.  John  river  not  being 
extant,  this  is  substituted  in  its  place,  to  which  is  annexed 
the  British  report.  See  Allan's  brief  account  in  the  jour- 
nal.] 

Number  Four*  Jul>/  13,  1777. 

Yesterday  I  Received  Letters  from  the  Committee  & 
Major  George  Stillman  of  Machias,  wherein  I  have  the 
following  ace'  viz*  that  the  Captains  Dyer  ^  &  AV  est,  had 
made  an  Honorable   Retreat  from  St.  Johns  they  Com- 


*  Now  the  town  of  Harrington. 

'A  Captain  Dyer  who  commanded  the  privateer  Maraclieet  was  cap- 
tured by  the  enemy  and  died  while  a  prisoner. 


Ki 


mmmm 


198 


Eevolutionary  Opkrations  in  Eastern 


manding  a  reconoitering  party  to  watch  the  Enemys 
motions.  There  was  at  that  trme  in  St  John  three  men  of 
war,  two  Tenders  and  a  sloop  belonging  to  the  British 
King.  The  nmnber  of  men  on  board  these  vessels  is  mi- 
certain,  but  we  are  certain  they  landed  120  men,  at  one 
Peabodys,  at  Mahogany  Bay  so  called  they  march^  through 
the  wood,  two  miles  &  a  half.  Our  Troops  having  timely 
notice,  thought  best  to  call  in  their  guards  and  secure  a 
Retreat,  they  accordingly  detach  their  main  Body,  to  a 
place  called  great  Bay  above  the  Falls  to  secure  their 
Boats,  Leaving  Cap'  Dyer  with  twelve  men  to  observe  the 
enemys  motion.  Captain  Dyer  let  the  main  Body  come 
within  good  musket  shot,  then  fired  and  retreated.  On 
his  Retreat  fell  in  with  the  Enemys  flank  guard  who  fired 
on  them  at  ten  or  twelve  yards  distance,  killed  three,  and 
two  slightly  wounded,  who  got  ofl"  with  Captain  Dyer.  Our 
Party  immediately  retreated  up  River,  at  one  o'clock  was 
seen  25  miles  up.  Next  day  the  Enemy  followed  up 
river.  This  intelligence  comes  straight  from  St  John::  by 
one  M''  Bromfield,  a  gentleman  of  undoubted  credit  and 
veracity,  who  supposes  our  troops  entirely  safe,  as  the 
enemy  proceeded  only  20  or  30  miles  up  river.  He  was 
also  Eye  witness  to  the  skirmish.  By  the  same  authority 
we  find  the  enemy  well  informed  of  the  Eastern  campaign. 
Two  ships  from  iS'ew  York  was  dispatch  immediately  who 
was  into  St  Johns,  the  mermaid  of  36  guns,  the  Ambus- 
cade of  32,  do.  mth  another  ship  with  orders  to  cruise 
between  Machias  Harbor  and  Mount  Desert  to  intercept 
our  fleets  on  their  way  eastward.  This  came  from  Machias 
at  the  same  time  desiring  me  to  communicate  the  same 
westward ;  and  as  it  is  become  the  duty  and  interest  of 
every  well  affected  Person  to  exert  and  stretch  every  nerve 
in  opposition  to  ministerial  tyranny  and  oppression,  pre- 
caution and  prevention  being  the  best  of  action,  I  would 
earnestly  recommend  it  to  all  officers  of  the  Continental 


Maine  \nd  Nova  Scotia. 


199 


or  State  troops  commanding  of  forts  or  militia  of  privateers 
committees-  &  others  who  may  have  it  in  their  power 
that  they  use  every  means  that  the  commanders  of  Troops 
or  ships  engaged  on  the  present  Expedition  eastward  may 
have  timely  notice  of  this  matter  so  as  to  govern  them- 
selves accordingly,* 

.    Alex"  Campbell 
Lt  Col  Eastern  Reg 

?  ""ounty  of  Lincoln. 


til 


jReportfrom  St.  Johns  Rwcr. 

150  miles  up  St  Jouns  River  July  W'  1777. 

May  it  please  your  Honors 

I  wrote  you  a  few  Lines  in  a  hurry  the  other  day,  &  in- 
deed must  now  plead  the  same  appology,  as  I  am  obliged 
to  go  from  place  to  place  as  the  Enemy  advances  &  moves. 

Various  have  things  been  since  the  arrival  of  the  British 
Troops.  Capt  Dyers  party  who  was  stationed  at  the  mouth 
of  the  River,  after  their  being  drove  up  the  River,  I  sent 
them  into  a  small  river  which  leads  to  Passamaquody,  in 
Order  to  Retreat,  after  I  could  have  procured  them  provi- 


'  The  Britisli  account  of  this  affair  is  copied  from  a  journal  Iccpt  on  board 
tlie  ship  Rainbow  commanded  by  Sir  George  Collier,  printed  at  New 
Yorlc,  1835. 

"  Advice  arriving  about  tliis  time  that  tbu  rebels  from  Machias  had  em- 
barlicd  in  several  small  vessels  with  a  view  of  making  a  descent  in  Nova 
Scotia  near  the  river  St.  Johns.  Sir  George  Collier  immediatclj'  ordered 
Capt.  Hawker  in  liis  majesty's  ship,  the  Mermaid,  to  proceed  to  St.  John's, 
together  with  the  Vulture  and  Hope,  sloops,  assisted  by  the  garrison  of 
Fort  Cumberland  which  was  to  join  them  aitcrwards.  The  Vulture  ar- 
riving flrst  found  the  towr  in  possession  of  the  rebels  who  fired  at  his 


200 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


sions,  but  the  next  day  two  Hundred  of  the  Enemy  Came 
up  the  river  and  after  securing  the  Different  persons  Inter- 
ested in  the  cause  of  America,  proceeded  on  in  Quest  of 
Capt  Dyer.  I  Endeavored  to  send  Intelligence,  but  the 
Diff'  avenues  being  stoped  was  prevented,  since  which  I 
have  heard  of  their  return  but  cannot  Learn  with  certainty 
what  has  been  done.  If  Dyer  has  eluded  them  he  must 
have  suffered  much  for  want  of  provisions  if  he  pursued 
the  journey. 

M'  Frankline  the  British  Superintendant  to  the  Indians, 
being  possessed  of  power,  force,  money  &  necessarys,  to 
Engage  the  Indians,  and  is  using  Every  means  to  v.dn 
them.  Herein  your  Honors  may  conceive  of  the  Ci'itical 
Situation  this  way.  Pier  Tomma  the  chief  with  some 
others  have  been  on  board  &  had  a  Conference.  They  are 
offered  400  dollars  for  me  dead  or  alive,  notwithstanding 
all  this,  I  have  made  out  to  Keep  the  whole  Tribe  but 
these  few  together,  &  have  retreated  twenty  miles  from 
their  Town  with  the  whole  family,  promising  assistance 
soon.  Ambroise  &  his  connections  deserves  the  greatest 
applause.  He  is  convinced  of  the  nature  of  the  dispute  &  I 
assuredly  believe  is  as  Genuine  a  friend  as  any  in  America. 
He  has  been  unwearied  in  the  business  &  Determined  to 
maintain  the   River  if  properly  supported.     The  Indian 


boats  in  landing,  Icilled  and  wounded  six  of  her  men  ;  but  upon  the  Mer- 
maid's anchoring,  the  rebels  quitted  the  town,  taking  post  round  it  iu  the 
woods.  Capt.  Hawker,  however,  thinking  he  had  force  si.fHcient  to  dis- 
lodge them,  made  disposition  for  that  purpose  wliich  was  luirdly  completed 
before  a  detachment  from  Fort  Cumberland  arrived,  who,  immediately 
landing  and  joining  the  seamen,  they  drove  the  rebels  before  them  with 
considerable  loss,  but  they  knowing  the  country  better  than  the  king's 
people  retreated  up  the  river  till  they  got  above  the  falls,  and  then,  though 
dispersed,  made  their  escape  across  by  means  of  whale  boats;  but  their 
expedition  turned  out  so  bad  and  they  were  so  harrassed,  and  almost 
starved  for  want  of  provisions  in  their  flight  that  it  threw  a  damp  on  their 
scheme^  of  invading  Nova  Scotia. 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


201 


family  suffers  much,  their  whole  time  is  devoted  to  the 
Service  of  the  States.  If  nothing  is  Done,  they  must  Inevi- 
tably quit  &  join  the  others ;  and  have  now  to  demand  in 
their  behalf  if  any  thing  is  intended  to  be  done  from  the 
Continent  or  not,  that  they  may  act  accordingly.  There  was 
a  Conference  yesterday  concerning  the  message  from  Frank- 
line.  I  was  present  &  had  liberty  to  speak.  The  result 
was  that  no  one  should  go  on  Board,  Except  Pier  Tomma 
who  had  promised  to  return,  &  that  they  should  continue 
that  way  till  they  heard  from  New  England.  I  am  at 
present  Destitute  of  every  thing,  what  I  had  purchased  on 
the  river  is  all  lost;  some  Houses  Burnt,  because,the  people 
have  furnished  me  with  some  things.  I  am  forced  to  put 
up  with  the  fare  the  Indians  can  provide.  I  have  Dismissed 
every  English  person  but  one  which  I  have  with  me,  & 
shall  continue  as  long  as  there  is  a  possibility  of  doing 
good.  All  these  difficultys  will  be  a  sufficient  recompense  if 
I  can  gain  the  End. 

As  to  the  numbers  of  the  Enemy  &  Strength,  I  am  uncer- 
tain, but  cannot  think  there  is  more  than  300.  I  fear  they 
have  several  vessells  &  strong  at  the  mouth  of  the  river,  if 
they  fortify  it  will  be  difficult  to  take  it.  It  will  require 
much  prudence  conduct  &  Vigilence. 

I  am  in  a  hurry  but  must  again  Implore  some  help  for 
the  Indians.  I  am  still  suspicious  if  I  leave  them  they  will 
Turn ;  hope  your  Honours  will  duly  Consider  the  matter 
&  send  relief — or  if  nothing  is  thought  proper  or  Expedi- 
ent to  be  done  on  this  river,  that  proper  supplys  &  assistance 
may  be  sent  to  Machias ;  shall  Endeavor  to  win  them  that 
way  t  Keep  their  Interests,  for  I  mast  asure  your  Honours 
lay  task  is  hard,  having  such  an  antagonist  as  Frankline  to 
deal  with,  who  has  such  assistance,  I  am  Confident  that  had 
I  the  tenth  part  of  the  advantage  Franklin  has  that  nothing 
whatever  should  turn  them,  that  is  in  the  power  of  Britain; 
for  Even  the  Little  supplys  I  brought  from  Newbury  has 

26 


1'    M 


Vi 


i 


fill 


202 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


never  come  fi'om  Maehias.  So  that  your  Honours  may 
easily  conceive  the  Critical  Situation  I  am  in  at  this  junc- 
ture. I  expect  to  retreat  40  leagues  further  up  the  without 
aid  comes. 

The  Indians  here  have  for  some  days  past  been  much 
against  my  going  to  Meramiche,  as  there  has  been  some 
promises  made  to  the  Indians  to  sieze  me.  I  shall  detain 
them  that  time.  I  must  again  plead  that  your  Honour  will 
think  of  my  situation  &  that  of  the  Indians.  I  am  with 
due  respect  &c.  ^ 

Excuse  this  odd  writing,  for  I  am  not  in  a  proper  situa- 
tion to  wr^te  well. 

This  goes  thro'  the  woods  by  a  J^Tumber  of  the  unhappy 
Sufferers  of  Cumberland ;  most  of  them  arrived  a  few  days 
ago,  what  they  vrill  do  I  know  not ;  their  Situation  is  Dis- 
mal, Them  which  came  from  Boston  with  me  were  seized 
by  the  Britains  two  days  ago,  one  of  which  was  struck 
with  a  Bayonet  &  it  is  supposed  is  dead. 


The  Batik  at  Machkts. 

Col.  Allan  gives  a  minute  account  of  the  action  at 
Machias.  It  was  not  till  recently  that  any  reliable  history 
of  it  was  known,  and  as  it  was  his  duty  to  communicate  it 
to  the  government,  his  must  be  deemed  the  official  report. 
It  is  also  considered  best  to  give  the  other  letters  concern- 
ing it,  although  it  may  be  that  they,  to  some  extent,  repeat 
the  same  facts.  The  British  account  will  be  read  with 
much  interest.  All  of  these  were  written  by  persons  who 
were  in  the  engagement. 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


203 


Machias  August  IV^  1777 
Sir. 

I  wrote  you  some  days  ago,  Informing  the  Hon'''''  Board 
of  my  Arrival  at  this  place  with  a  number  of  Indians,  In- 
tending immediately  after  to  have  given  their  Honours  a 
detail  of  the  St  Johns  Expedition.  But  a  matter  some- 
what more  Interesting  turning  up,  will  prevent  it  for  the 
present,  shall  therefore  refer  the  particulars  of  that  Expe- 
dition to  another  opportunity.  I  have  therefore  now  to 
Acquaint  the  Hon"'  Board  that  on  Wednesday  the  13"* 
Instant,  about  3  o'clock  p.  m..  Intelligence  was  received  at 
the  falls  of  the  arrival  of  three  large  Ships,  one  Brig,  and 
one  small  Schooner,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Harbour.  Various 
were  the  Conjectures  who  it  could  be,  as  it  appeared  they 
came  from  the  Westward.  Major  Stillman  and  Capt 
Smith,  with  a  few  men,  set  of  immediately  in  Boats  to  make 
Discovery,  and  to  take  such  steps  as  were  necessary,  if 
found  to  be  the  Enemy. 

About  5  oclock,  the  Brig  appeared  near  the  Battery 
formed  on  a  point  of  land  called  the  Rim  (opposite  which 
was  a  Boom),  having  8  Boats  in  Tow  full  of  Soldiers,  with 
a  great  number  on  board.  Messrs  Stillman  &  Smith  joined 
Col°  Foster,  having  in  the  whole  only  Thirty  five  men. 
The  Brig  soon  Came  to  where  the  Boats  made  towards  the 
shore,  with  the  appearance  of  a  Determination  to  Land. 
Our  men  immediately  forming  in  a  posture  for  opposing, 
and  by  their  vigilence  &  activity  keeping  a  constant  & 
sure  fire,  prevented  the  Enemys  Landing,  who  in  much 
confusion  retreated  to  the  Brig.  In  the  night.  Captain 
Smith  Came  up,  &  immediately  returned  with  one  of  the 
Cannon  and  a  Swivel  belonging  to  the  Marisheete,  with  a 
cable  and  anchor  to  Secure  the  boom,  all  which  by  his 
Indefatigable  pains,  he  Effected  by  day  light ;  when  our 
people  Began  to  fire  with  the  cannon,  and  hulled  the  Brig 


i^!! 


r  I 
I 
I 

1 

n 


m 


204 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


several  times.  I  Embody'd  the  Indians  between  Forty  & 
Fifty.  After  I  had  spoke  to  them  upon  the  matter  they  very 
cheerfully  went  on  Service  down  the  River. 

About  day  light  on  the  14th,  The  Enemy  received  a 
reinforcement.  The  murky  night  was  extremely  foggy,  and 
it  being  Easy  for  them  to  Land  at  Several  places,  our 
People  being  so  few,  not  able  to  Guard  the  Several  posts 
to  prevent  their  lauding,  it  was  thought  most  prudent  for 
them  to  retreat  and  gete  altogether  at  the  falls  so  make  as 
Vigorous  Defence  as  possible.  Accordingly  a  small  redoubt 
was  raised,  near  where  it  was  supposed  the  Enemy  would 
land,  in  which  was  placed  Twenty  men,  under  the  Com- 
mand of  Major  Stillman,  with  two  small  Guns  from  the 
Marisheet.  A  Breastwork  was  also  raised  on  a  Rising 
Ground  near  the  mills,  on  which  was  fixed  the  Swivels  of 
the  Schooner  and  one  of  the  Guns,  having  a  number  of 
men  under  the  command  of  Lieut  Col"  !Nevers,  which  was 
Intended  for  the  Last  Retreat.  In  the  afternoon  people 
seemed  to  gete  together,  after  securing  their  Families  & 
property,  and  made  every  preparation  possible,  what  time 
circumstances  would  admit.  The  Enemy  Burned  several 
Buildings  about  the  river  &  one  mill  down  the  River. 

About  5  o'clock  p.  m.  The  Brig  appeared  in  sight,  beating 
up,  with  a  number  of  Boats  ahead  Towing ;  also  a  sloop 
which  the  Enemy  took  in  the  River,  having  strongly 
fortified  her  against  small  arms.  There  being  but  a  light 
Breeze  &  Tide  of  flood,  they  came  up  pretty  fast  and  be- 
tween six  and  seven,  came  to  an  anchor  near  the  Buildings, 
appeared  in  a  most  formidable  &  warlike  position. 

In  this  time  our  men  took  tneir  difterent  stations.  Capt 
Smith,  with  a  body  having  a  number  of  Indians  with  him, 
lay  upon  an  Extreme  point  near  the  Brig.  About  30 
Indians,  within  a  few  Rods  of  him,  on  a  hill  in  order  to 
support  the  former.  The  next  Major  Stillman  his  battery ; 
Col"  Nevers  in  the  Breastwork  &  a  small  Scouting  party 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


205 


be- 


Capt 
him, 
30 
)r  to 
evy ; 
)arty 


on  the  west  side  of  the  River ;  the  whole  amounting  to 
about  180  men. 

In  this  position  we  Continued  about  half  an  hour,  Ex- 
pectiug  every  minute  to  receive  her  Broadsides.  The 
Enemy  Appeared  in  great  Commotion,  Rowing  &  Driving 
about  the  Brig,  and  as  we  thought  fixing  a  Spring  on  their 
Cables. 

Our  Determination  was  not  to  begin  the  fire  in  the 
present  Situation,  any  further  than  firing  some  shot  to  see 
what  Efliect  it  would  have  on  the  Brig,  which  appeared 
to  answer  our  most  sanguine  Expectations. 

The  Indians  in  this  time  appeared  very  Eager  for  fight- 
ing ;  Set  up  the  Indian  Yell  which  was  follow'd  by  many 
at  the  different  places,  which  no  Doubt  occasioned  the 
Enemy  to  suppose  there  were  some  Hundreds.  It  ap- 
peared almost  impossible  to  prevent  some  of  the  Indians 
from  firing ;  one  of  them  it  was  Generally  supposed  Killed 
a  man  in  a  Boat  at  a  great  distance,  who  we  Imagined  was 
going  to  Burn  some  Houses  on  the  Opposite  Shore. 

But  notwithstanding  all  this  parade  of  the  Invaders,  the 
Haughty  &  warlike  position,  to  the  Great  astonishment 
and  surprise  of  every  one,  in  Less  than  half  an  Hour  after 
Coming  to  an  anchor,  the  Brig  &  Sloop  both  got  under 
way  without  firing  a  gun  towards  the  Houses,  &  with  the 
greatest  precipitation  possil)le,  having  Eleven  Boats  Towing, 
made  down  the  River  against  the  Tide  of  flood,  giving 
Three  Cheers  as  they  went  off.  However  it  was  thought 
this  was  only  a  finesse  of  theirs  and  it  was  strongly  recom- 
mended to  keep  to  the  post,  only  a  scouting  party  to  watch 
their  motions  till  we  knew  their  real  design.  After  this. 
Major  Stillman  was  Detached  with  about  thirty  men  pro- 
ceeding along  the  river  side  by  land  and  about  Ten  o'clock 
came  up  with  them.  Here  the  party  Displayed  the 
Soldier.  Being  on  a  plain  spot  of  Ground,  exposed  to  the 
whole  fire  of  the  Enemy,  &  not  more  than  100  yards  from 


f    ' ," 


H        i\ 


ily^- 


Eevolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


their  cannon.  But  with  undaunted  Courage  Vigorously 
attacked  the  Enemy  who  evidently  proved  to  be  Effectual 
&  in  Consternation,  for  many  in  the  boats  called  out  they 
were  not  able  to  get  on  Board  (when  ordered)  by  reason  that 
some  crews  were  all  killed  or  wounded.  Several  officers 
were  named  which  suffered,  one  Lieut  Gordon,  in  particular. 

The  Brig  kept  up,  all  this  time,  a  constant  &  heavy  Fire 
of  Langrage  &  Grape  Shot ;  But  notwithstanding  our  people 
were  so  Exposed,  By  the  Interposition  of  Divine  provi- 
dence, only  one  man  was  killed.  She  soon  got  aground. 
But  our  people  being  much  fatigued  &  ammunitions  spent 
they  returned  back,  and  at  Day  light  of  the  lo"",  Col" 
Foster  with  a  Body  of  men  went  down,  and  about  seven 
o'clock  attacked  them.  The  Boats  Employed  in  Getting 
out  the  anchors  &  making  preparations  to  get  her  of,  were 
forced  to  take  Shelter  behind  the  Brig,  and  only  one  Boat 
which  was  Barricaded  could  give  her  any  assistance. 

At  10  o'clock  Captain  Smith,  with  a  number  of  white 
men  and  all  the  Indians,  set  off*  in  order  to  attack  them  on 
the  other  side  of  the  River,  By  which  movement  the  Boats 
were  forced  to  quit  towing  her.  She  throwing  them  Got 
off'.  So  Difficult  was  their  Situation  that  the  Boats  Crews 
Declared  they  could  not  Row.  In  answer  the  officers  swore 
they  would  Blow  the  first  man's  Brains  out  who  dared  to 
come  on  Board.  The  Brig  then  Struck  Ground  again.  But 
our  people  keeping  up  such  an  instant  fire,  they  could  not  take 
the  necessary  precautions  to  Get  her  off.  By  which  she  con- 
tinued during  the  Tide.  In  this  action,^  Captain  Tam worth 
rec'd  a  wound  in  the  head,  but  is  in  a  fair  way  of  recovery. 

By  this  time,  the  militia  were  coming  in  very  fast,  so  as 
to  enable  us  to  Distribute  farther  down  the  River  to  pre- 
vent assistance  from  the  Ships  below.  A  small  canoe 
was  taken  down,  &  fixed  opposite  the  stem  of  the  Brig, 
and  the  Greatest  part  of  the  day  a  pretty  constant  fire  was 
kept  up  on  Both  sides.    Several  Balls  went  into  the  stem  of 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


207 


the  Brig,  which  with  her  tiring  from  the   Quarter  deck 
while  aground  must  have  wrecked  her  very  much. 

Several  Boats  attempted  to  Get  up  the  River,  which 
were  always  drove  Back  with  a  very  considerahle  Loss  on 
their  side.  On  the  Tide  of  flood  the  Sloop  stood  up  the 
River,  (as  was  supposed)  to  succor  the  Brig  &  Get  her  off. 
A  party  of  our  men  suddenly  attacked  them,  many  of  the 
enemy  were  seen  to  fall,  with  the  greatest  difficulty  they 
got  her  clear.  But  a  heavy  rain  coming  on,  prevented 
our  people  from  pursuing  their  Design,  in  Stopping  the 
Brig  from  getting  down  the  River.  She  soon  floated,  & 
with  the  assistance  of  the  sloop  &  a  small  Breeze  of  wind, 
She  made  the  best  of  her  way  down ;  and  on  the  morning  of 
the  le"*  Came  to,  altogether  at  Round  Island.  The  past 
night  they  were  seen  getting  Ballast  on  Board  in  the 
Greatest  haste,  and  this  morning  on  the  Tide  of  Ebb  all  but 
one  Ship  set  Sail  &  Departed  the  Harbour. 

I  must  observe  to  the  Hon"'  Board  that  this  Expedition 
of  the  Enemy,  and  our  situation  at  the  time,  might  occasion 
some  reflection.  It  appears  this  matter  was  a  plan  of 
Dawson  of  the  Brig  Hope,  that  he  had  received  Intelli- 
gence from  time  to  time  of  the  situation  of  this  place,  and 
that  the  General  Court  would  not  allow  anything  for  its 
Defence  till  the  Expedition  now  forming  was  granted, 
which  it  appears  by  certain  Information,  that  he  has  rec* 
Intelligence  of  the  Backwardness  of  it,  he  has  been  seen 
coming  backwards  &  forwards  for  this  some  time  past. 
He'd  no  doubt  supposed  from  this  that  there  was  some 
property  Deposited  here,  &  not  Strength  to  defend  it,  and 
his  coming  up  in  such  a  daring  manner  would  so  in- 
timidate the  inhabitants  that  they  would  immediately 
give  up. 

As  to  the  Situation  of  the  place,  it  cut  a  gloomy  aspect 
the  morning  the  Brig  came  up  ;  matters  appeared  Despe- 
rate on  our  side,  &  a  faint  hope  of  saving  the  place  from 


1.1 


1 


i  m 


■  :   V 


i 


I 


I 
I 


208 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


Destruction.  The  Enemy  seemed  Encouraged  by  our 
men  Leaving  the  Battery  below,  which  indeed  was  done 
from  nee  jssity ;  But  all  this  turned  out  to  our  Great  advan- 
tage, for  on  the  Brigs  coming  up  &  Seeing  such  fortifica- 
tions, which  were  never  known  of  before,  and  our  men 
posted  in  such  a  manner,  miglit  very  reasonably  conjecture 
that  our  retreating,  was  to  bring  them  in  that  ])ifScult 
situation  &  Destroy  them,  &  supposing  we  had  some 
hundreds,  By  their  returning  in  such  an  unprecedented 
manner,  hud  wc  but  two  six  pounders  tlie  Brig  must 
have  struck ;  which  I  think  should  have  been  sent  when 
the  stores  came  down,  for  things  of  this  nature  is  always 
the  means  of  an  Enemy  making  desperate  attempts.  Fi>on 
the  whole  we  may  be  veiy  thankful  to  Kind  Providence 
that  the  place  is  so  far  preserved. 

I  cannot  but  highly  applaud  the  Bravery  of  the  whole 
militia,  &  the  few  Troops  Inlisted;  have  not  heard  the 
Least  complaint  of  any  Backwardness  after  matters  came 
to  a  crisis. 

And  I  have  the  pleasure  to  Inform  the  Hon'''*  Board 
that  none  Deserve  Greater  Applause  than  our  Indian 
Friends.  For  the  Diff'  Officers  at  the  Several  attacks 
assure  me,  that  no  person  Behaved  more  gallantly.  Ex- 
posing themselves  openly  to  the  fire  of  the  cannon  &  small 
arms,  very  Dirt"'  than  what  has  been  generally  Practiced 
by  Indians.  The  same  morning  the  Enemy  arrived,  I  had 
a  conference  Avith  six  Deputies  from  Penobscot.  We  Ex- 
changed pledges  of  friendship,  Received  the  greatest 
satisfaction,  and  agreed  with  them  to  be  at  Penobscot  in 
Six  weeks,  where  I  am  to  meet  the  St  Francis  Indians  & 
others  from  Canada. 

I  Deliv''  these,  six  Guns,  who  immediately  joined  the 
others,  &  continued  till  the  departure  of  the  Ships  when  I 
dismissed  them  with  some  prese.its. 

My  coming  to  Machias  was  a  matter  more  of  necessity 


.m: 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


209 


the 


len 


3sity 


than  inclination ;  as  I  was  confident  it  wonld  create  a  greater 
Expense,  and  the  Indians  Continnally  Drunk  &  Quareling. 
But  they  being  Destitute  of  every  thing,  I  wn  afraid  to 
yield  to  the  entrcates  of  tlicm,  &  indeed  it  has  proved  of 
Great  advantage.  I  am  obliged  to  supply  &  find  them 
very  Largely,  with  Provisions  &  other  things,  and  Em- 
ploying them  in  Qoing  with  Express  &c,  otherwise  they 
would  certainly  go  off,  &  afraid  to  Let  them  out  of  my 
hands  for  the  present,  for  fear  of  giving  or  liaving  some 
correspondence  with  the  Enemy.  Still  the  Hon'''"  Board 
may  fully  rely  &  depend  I  shall  use  every  economy  jjossi- 
ble ;  indeed  things  are  so  Dear  &  Exhorbitant,  &  the  Indians 
Demands  &  necessities  so  large,  that  I  am  often  at  a  stand 
what  to  Do. 

The  Great  Consumption  of  Provisions  during  this  Siege, 
obliges  me  to  Press  upon  the  Ilon'''*^  Boaril  to  Consider  the 
Situation  of  this  Countrj-  in  General,  as  people  have  been 
80  harrassed,  being  forced  from  tlieir  harvest ;  particularly 
I  must  press  assistance  to  the  Truck  house,  which  I  beg 
may  be  furnished  with  a  quantity  more  of  Corn,  &  other 
provisions,  also  small  wines,  Cyder,  allso  Some  more 
Blankets,  Strouds,  some  pieces  of  fine  Cloths,  wampum, 
&c  Quantity  of  Ammunition  &  Some  Good  guns. 

The  Indians  have  Left  some  fine  cornfields  on  St  Johns, 
which  it  is  Probable  is  Destroyed ;  if  so,  the  Indians  will 
resent  it  Greatly  if  not  a  certain  supply  Laid  in  for  them. 
I  have  empowered  Mess"  Cross's  of  Newbury  to  procure 
these  articles,  to  whom  I  send  a  Schooner  &  Expect  her 
back  with  all  Expedition ;  those  that  came  with  me  bro' 
considerable  furrs  &c.,  which  I  presume  Capt  Smith  will 
Send  as  soon  as  possible. 

I  find  our  Nova  Scotia  Expedition  goes  on  very  slowly ; 
from  the  appearance  of  things  I  shall  not  press  that  matter 
at  present,  but  there  is  the  Greatest  necessity  jaf  a  speedy 
reinforcement  if  it  is  Intended  to  keep  these  parts.    There  is 

27 


i 


.Ill 


210 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


every  reason  to  snppoHO  that  the  Enemy  is  Bent  upon  the 
Destruction  of  this  place,  and  that  they  are  now  gone  for  a 
reinforcement,  which  if  the  case  I  am  very  Hure  tliey  must 
carry  the  point.  I  hardly  know  what  apology  to  make 
to  the  IndlatiH  if  the  Troops  do  not  soon  arrive ;  for,  by  the 
Dili''  news  told  them,  they  are  Sanguine  that  St  Johns  will 
be  secured  by  the  States. 

Brigadier   Warner   not  arriving  has    given  :  luch 

trouble.  I  intended  before  now,  let  the  consequenc  turned 
out  as  it  would,  to  p]udeavoar  to  have  been  among  the 
Micmacs,  who  I  find  the  British  Government  is  Tam- 
pering with,  with  all  their  might ;  and  it  is  not  Impossible 
but  they  may  be  Seduced,  for  ever}  Shop  in  Halifax  is 
open  for  them,  to  Demand  what  they  please.  With  pains 
&  Difficulty  did  I  gain  these  of  St  Johns  &  others  with 
nothing,  th°  M'  Fraukline  the  British  Superintendent 
had  every  advantage  of  Power,  force,  money  &c  —  and 
indeed  he  may  Gain  the  others  when  no  Body  to  oppose  him. 

My  reasons  ofdetaiiung  is  for  fear  of  my  Thwarting  the 
Intentions  of  Government,  and  allso  to  be  ready  *  ve  my 
feeble  advice  in  the  Expedition.     I  perceive  daily 

Growing  more  precarious  in  Carrying  on  these  things,  and 
must  be  managed  with  much  Delicacy  and  prudence. 

It  gives  me  much  pain  to  hear  of  the  Trouble  the  Ilon''^'' 
Board  has  had  with  the  affiiirs  of  Nova  Scotia,  occasioned 
by  the  fluctuating  minds  of  people — much  party  spirit 
seems  to  Reign.  I  have  Endeavored  all  along  to  act  upon 
that  rule  which  I  conseienciously  thought  would  Tend  to 
the  Interest  and  Honour  of  the  United  States,  The  Happi- 
ness, Welfare  &  Establishing  Freedom  in  that  Community 
whereof  I  was  a  member.  But  by  Common  fame  it 
appears  I  am  classed  as  one  of  the  parties,  which  I  have 
been  an  utter  stranger  to  hitherto.  My  Intentions  being 
to  pursue  Every  measure  to  defeat  the  diabolical  plans  of 
Britain,  and  to  Endeavor  with  my  weak  ability  to  aid  in 


III!! 


'ilH 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


211 


'ill 


Loned 
spirit 
upon 
end  to 
Happi- 
munity 
ame  it 
I  have 
being 
lans  of 
aid  in 


Defending  &  Rupporting  the  Independonco  of  America ; 
and,  as  I  would  not  have  it  suspected  of  doing  the  Least 
action  that  might  ho  thought  to  hurt  any  Intention  of 
Government,  I  have  come  to  u  Determination  not  to  Act 
in  any  matter  whatever  as  an  Inhabitant  of  Nova  Scotia, 
but  shall  Lay  aside  every  Dispute  &  Animosity  whitih  has 
been  occasioned  ])y  any  mal  proceedings  in  that  province, 
and  shall  wholly  devote  my  time  &  Talents  to  the  service 
of  the  states,  and  shall  use  every  method  &  use  every  means 
to  execute  such  orders  &  intentions  of  the  States  consistent 
with  such  office  as  I  may  hold. 

The  Small  Vessel  which  I  have  with  me  cannot  Get 
out,  but  hope  the  Ship  below  will  soon  retire,  when  I  will 
hurry  her  away  with  all  Expedition.  This  schooner,  w"" 
another  one  I  have,  I  should  be  glad  may  be  Employed  in 
the  Service  if  thought  necessary,  as  they  are  well  calcu- 
lated for  such  business,  and  are  now  Lying  on  great 
Expense. 

I  have  apply*  to  Col°  Eddy  to  Call  a  Come  Martial  to 
Inquire  into  the  Conduct  of  officers  and  others  in  the 
Expedition  to  St  Jon  us,  but  think  he  cannot  Legally  Do 
it.  It  is  absolutely  ii  nessary  such  things  should  be,  to 
keep  matters  in  Order  a  1  to  give  Satisfaction,  particularly 
when  there  is  suspicion  of  misconduct,  There  has  been 
some  affidavit  taken  Concerning  Major  Shaw,  which  I 
presume  will  be  laid  before  the  Hon"'  Board ;  but  as  these 
steps  seems  not  to  be  thought  a  proper  channel,  I  cannot 
give  any  judgment  on  the  matter.  I  must  therefore 
request  of  the  Hon*"  Board  to  order  a  Court  of  Inquiry  to 
Examine  into  that  Expedition ;  these  things  being  done  at 
once  will  be  a  Check  to  Designing  &  Dangerous  men, 
and  of  publick  utility  in  Gen',  which  I  have  often  Experi- 
enced when  with  the  Army. 

The  Truck  House  at  St  Johns  has  been  done  with  for 
some  time.     The  funds  and  what  was  left  on  hand  I  have 


;iv  M 


212 


Eevolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


received  &  hid  them  on  the  river  St  Johns,  Consequently 
M'  John  Preble  is  not  of  any  service  in  that  Department. 
M'  Preble  often  Turns  out  as  a  volunteer  and  seems  of  an 
Enterprising  Turn  in  military  affairs,  is  very  forward  upon 
every  occation,  and  from  the  knowledge  I  have  of  his 
hardships  during  the  summer,  I  must  pray  the  Liberty  to 
recommend  him  to  the  Hou^'"  Board  for  some  military 
Employment  if  consistent  with  the  public  service. 

I  must  pray  that  Intelligence  respecting  my  Proceed- 
ings may  be  conveyed  to  the  Hon'''''  Congress. 

I  have  the  Honor  to  be  with  the  most  profound  xiespect, 
Your  most  Obt 

&  Devoted  hbl  Servt 

J.  Allan. 

P.  S.  I  have  taken  the  Liberty  to  draw  an  order  in 
favour  of  Mess'  Stephen  &  Ralph  Cross  of  Newbury  Port, 
on  the  Hon'''®  the  President  of  the  Council  of  this  State, 
for  such  monies  as  is  Granted  for  the  use  of  the  Indians  in 
the  Eastern  Department.  I  am  at  a  loss  to  do  it  in  such  a 
manner  as  may  appear  legal;  my  necessity  I  trust  will 
apologise  for  any  Defect  in  the  order. 

August  19th  some  deserters  Coming  in  which  belonged 
to  the  Hancock,  brought  intelligence  that  the  fleet  &c  was 
composed  of  the  Rainbow,  Mermaid,  Vulture  &  Hope, 
which  with  the  marines  belonging  to  them  was  all.  This 
was  them  which  was  at  St  Johns,  only  that  the  Emigrants 
&  fencibles  were  sent  back.  The  Enemy  Lost  in  the 
attack  with  Major  Stillraau  30  men  killed.  Their  whole 
Loss  amounts,  which  is  spoken  of  among  themselves  pub- 
lickly,  100  killed  &  wounded.  I  suppose  not  an  action 
during  the  war.  Except  Bunker  Hill,  there  was  sudh  a 
slaughter. 

This  goes  by  Col"  Campbell,  a  Gentleman  who  has 
Exerted  himself  in  Collecting  the  militia. 

To  The  Hon'"®  Jeremiah  Powell. 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotu. 


213 


:  will 

•nged 
was 
ope, 

This 

rants 
the 

vliole 
pub- 
etiou 
(?h  a 

has 


Letter  from  Allan  to  the  Honorable  Board,  ^c. 

Machias  Aug^  27'*  1777. 
Sir. 

My  last  to  you  was  of  the  17th  Inst  By  Col"  Campbell, 
acquainting  The  Hon^''^  Board  of  the  attempt  made  by  the 
Enemy  on  this  Place  with  the  manner  of  their  Retreat. 

Since  which  we  have  been  very  quiet  in  Respect  of  any 
molestation  from  them,  but  our  fears  are  Great  when  we 
think  it  too  probable  there  will  be  a  second  assult,  more 
so  when  its  so  hard  &  Troublesome  to  keep  ^^eople  to- 
gether, in  a  regular  form,  &  ever  at  the  best  very  few 
appears. 

On  learning  that  one  Ship  Continued  below,  Major 
Stillman  on  the  20th  Inst,  wiih  Ten  English  and  Ten 
Indians,  was  sent  down  to  make  Discovery  &  Endeavor  to 
Seize  some  Prisoners  for  Intelligence.  The  next  day  he 
Returned,  having  during  his  absence  come  Suddenly 
upon  a  Boat  with  Eight  men  who  were  Geting  water. 
The  anxiety  &  Heat  of  the  Indians  prevented  their  Seizing 
them  all  with  the  Boat,  they  Sprung  out  Suddenly  & 
Secured  two  or  Three  giving  at  the  same  time  a  Loud  yell. 
This  so  Intimidated  the  others,  that  they  Rather  chuse  to 
take  the  chance  of  being  fired  at  in  the  Boat  &  Get  to  their 
Ship,  then  fall  into  the  hands  of  the  Indians.  These  Pri- 
soners were  brought  up,  one  killed  &  4  In  the  Boat 
wounded  one  of  which  mortaly. 

On  the  22"'*  Inst,  a  Boy  Lately  belonging  to  tlie  Hancock 
was  sent  on  shore,  with  a  letter  for  Exchange  of  Prisoners, 
Col"  Eddy  (no  doubt  for  wiseReasons)  thought  best  not  to 
answer  it.  The  Ship  continued  till  two  days  ago,  when  She 
Stood  out  Cruising  backward  &  forwards  oil"  the  mouth  of 
the  Harbour. 

The  24*  Major  Newell  arrived,  with  orders  from  Briga- 
dier Warner  to  disband  the  Troops  intended  for  the  Nova 


I       '  ff 


214 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


Scotia  Expedition,  this  Sudden  Turn  occasioned  a  variety 
of  Evils.  I  waited  upon  Col"  Eddy  &  prayed  him  not  to 
be  so  Sudden  in  Discharging  the  men,  as  our  Present 
Situation  occasioned  peoples  minds  to  be  agitated  By 
the  Enemys  having  been  here  &  Expecting  them  again, 
and  that  the  Indians,  who  when  they  prepared  for  war 
wou'd  be  wholly  discouraged  &  Immediately  might 
Seek  for  Safety  By  making  Peace  with  the  Enemy,  as 
it  might  appear  they  were  forsaken  Immediately  after 
they  had  taken  up  arms  &  assisted  in  Defending  this 
Place ;  all  which  matters  (as  there  is  a  number  of  Dis- 
affected on  this  coast)  would  soon  be  communicated  to 
the  Enemy. 

I  took  upon  me  to  Endeavor  to  convince  him  that  the 
General  court  would  not  have  Discharged  the  men  had 
they  apprehended  the  Place  was  in  such  a  situation,  and 
that  necessity  obliged  us  to  Exert  ourselves  in  keeping  all 
the  men  for  Immediate  defence,  let  orders  be  what  they 
would,  as  it  was  not  to  be  doubted  but  that  the  General 
Court  would  think  about  securing  this  Place  when  it  was 
known  of  its  Situation ;  for  it  must  be  an  amazing  Expense 
to  the  States  to  pay  bounties  a  Second  time,  particularly 
when  there  has  been  the  monstrous  Sums  already  Ex- 
pended for  nothing ;  but  he  appeared  Inflexible  &  was 
resolved  to  follow  the  orders  &  constructions  of  the  Brigi- 
dier,  &  accordingly  the  next  day  Discharged  his  men. 
Major  Stillman  not  receiving  orders  from  his  commanding 
officer  to  discharge  his,  keeps  them  Still  in  the  Service, 
which  are  the  only  men  now  on  Duty  here. 

Some  Evil  minded  persons  Immediately  propigated 
among  the  Indians  that  they  were  now  Forsaken  &  that 
now  they  were  brought  into  Trouble  they  might  Git  out 
of  it  as  they  could.     I  saw  a  Gloom  on  many  of  their 


countenances   & 


Talking 


a  little,   they    appeared    more 


affected  as  Friends  than  Ene.nies. 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


216 


• 


I  PropoBed  to  them  to  have  a  Public  Conference  &  Din- 
ner while  Major  Howel  was  here,  which  we  had  yesterday, 
where  all  the  Principle  Captains  &  young  men  t^Ltended. 
I  endeavored  to  convince  them  of  the  Utility  of  Laying 
aside  the  Expedition,  that  it  was  from  Policy  &  that  Gen' 
Washington  had  too  Friendly  a  Heart  towards  them  to 
Expose  them  to  the  Horrors  of  War,  without  having  mat- 
ters better  prepared  to  be  more  sure  of  Success.  Major 
Newell  (to  whom  I  am  much  obliged  for  the  manner  in 
wh"  he  addressed  them)  Gave  them  much  Satisfaction  in 
telling  them  of  the  wellfaie  of  their  Friends,  &  Some 
Reason  for  Laying  aside  the  Expedition.  They  answered 
every  thing  to  our  Satisfaction,  &  addressed  the  Major  as 
comming  Immediately  from  General  Washington;  after 
which  we  dine*,  &  it  appeared  to  all  present  their  Determi- 
nation was  to  fall  or  Rise  with  the  Americans.  I  had  to 
forge  a  letter  as  coming  from  the  Hon'''®  Board  Saluting 
them,  which  Rais'd  their  ambition ;  it  is  always  the  case  and 
they  hold  Such  a  Thing  Sacred. 

The  Laying  aside  the  Expedition  to  Nova  Scotia  at  this 
Junction,  I  can  no  ways  I  think  be  Impolitic,  Particularly 
when  I  consider  the  Plan  by  which  it  was  to  be  executed, 
that  is  in  raising  Forces  it  was  very  Foreign  from  what 
ever  I  proposed,  &  what  I  am  assured  would  have  been  of 
bad  consequence  had  it  been  pursued,  I  think  it  a  mercy  to 
the  country  it  is  Stop'd,  &  trust  that  Providence  Intenr's  a 
better  way;  which  I  shall  Leave  to  its  wise  &  just  Dis- 
posel. 

But  I  must  Pray  Permission  to  be  heard  about  this 
Place.  Let  me  assure  the  Hon'''®  Board  that  the  Enemy 
intend  pursuing  their  measures  (which  I  already  Troubled 
them  Several  times  with),  that  the  British  intend  to  pene- 
trate &  Destroy  the  Eastern  Ports.  I  cannot  but -acknow- 
ledge that  they  are  more  aggrevated  &  intent  upon  it  now, 
by  reason  of  the  movements  with  Nova  Scotia.    It  may 


It* 


u 


wmmm 


216 


Revolutionaky  Operations  in  Eastern 


1 


be  Remembered  that  I  often  pressed  to  have  these  Fron- 
tiers Secured,  for  I  was  convinced,  by  the  Little  Knowledge 
I  had  of  the  Enemy  in  that  Province,  that  they  would 
vent  their  Vengence  this  way,  in  Revenge  for  the  Last 
falls  Expedition  to  Cumberland. 

At  the  Present  time,  Should  the  Enemy  attempt  any- 
thing this  way,  they  must  Inevetibly  Carry  Th(  point, 
without  an  Extraordinary  Miricle  of  Providence.  People 
are  withdrawing  &  going  away ;  Distress  &  horror  appear 
in  most  countenances;  we  have  too  much  Reason  to  Suppose 
that  there  is  Emessaries  of  the  Enemy  among  us,  useing 
every  means  to  propagate  false  reports  to  Discourage 
people.  An  Ilicit  Trade  appears  to  be  carried  on  openly 
with  Nova  Scotia,  By  which  constant  Intelligence  is  given 
which  I  have  certain  Information  of,  all  which  In  due  time 
I  shall  lay  before  the  Hon"^^^  congress  &  Ilon^''®  Board. 
Vessels  Tolerated  to  pass  &  Repass  &  Persons  on  Board 
them  Treating  the  Officers  of  Government  with  Contempt, 
&  Dispise  whatever  they  Threaten  or  attempt  to  do  for  the 
Good  of  the  States.  The  Indigency  of  the  place  is  such  that 
nothing  can  be  done  with  Such  persons  for  people  are 
afraid,  and  being  so  far  from  the  Metropolis  (which  is 
always  the  case  in  new  Settlements)  that  a  true  state  of 
matters  is  Seldom  known  to  Govern'  by  which  many 
things  may  be  commanded  and  ordered,  which  would  not 
have  been  the  case  if  a  Genuine  representation  had  been 
made.  The  Hon^^°  Board  will  Please  to  pardon  the  Free- 
dom I  take  in  writing  in  this  matter ;  it  is  not  meant  to 
insult  or  otfend  but  occasioned  By  an  anxious  mind  for 
the  Safety  of  this  Country,  I  am  very  well  convinced  that 
those  States  have  Sustained  much  Damage  in  Regard  to 
communicating  the  dif '  proceedings  of  the  States  to  the 
Enemy,  ■By  persons  being  tolerated  to  go  Into  Nova  Scotia 
to  settle  Private  Business,  &  Vessels  tolerated  to  Trade 
backwards  &  forwards.   This  I  wou'd  beg  the  Hon^'"  Board 


• 


m 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


217 


to  observe  is  not  Cliymerieal  or  uncertain,  for  I  have 
Eolations  &  Friends  in  Nova  Scotia  who  is  actually  con- 
cerned in  it,  of  which  I  have  Reserved  Impartial  &  true  ace". 

The  body  of  the  Indians  continue  at  present  here  ;  some 
have  gone  a  Hunting.  Should  a  Stroke  be  Struck  by  the 
Enemy  &  Succeed,  the  case  will  be  desperate.  The  Indians 
at  Present  appear  of  much  Sirvice,  &  people  here  urge 
every  method  to  be  used  to  Detain  them;  they  seem  hearty 
in  the  cause,  but  we  must  not  depend  upon  them,  to  main- 
tain this  Place ;  a  Regular  Body  of  Men  should  come  here 
&  remain. 

From  necessity,  the  Inhabitants  here  have  obligated 
Themselves  to  pay  such  men  of  the  Late  Battalions,  which 
are  willing  to  Stay  to  defend  the  Place,  as  also  Encouraged 
any  of  the  Millitia  who  will  come  in  on  the  Same  Footing. 
Yeiy  few  of  the  Former  will  consent,  as  they  have  Liberty 
to  go,  having  their  Bounty  &c.  How  it  will  be  with  the 
Latter,  I  cannot  Say,  there  is  but  a  Small  Party  remaining ; 
So  few  that  they  can  be  of  Little  other  Sirvice  than  to 
give  Intelligence  of  the  aproach  of  the  Enemy  by  keeping 
a  few  centrys. 

This  is  the  Situation  of  this  Place,  the  frontiere  of  the 
State,  the  Last  Retreat  whereby  we  can  have  any  command 
over  the  Eastern  Indians,  &  the  Key  of  the  Eastern 
Country.  Besides  the  Value  of  the  Place  itself,  it  contains 
a  considerable  amount  of  Private  Property,  as  well  as  a 
Great  amount  belonging  to  the  States. 

Should  the  Hon'''*'  Board  think  it  Expedient  to  Secure 
this  Post,  to  Defend  these  Parts  against  the  Enemy,  I  will 
once  more  take  the  Liberty  in  Troubling  their  honors 
with  my  Sentiments.  That  400  men  be  Immediately 
Raised,  with  whom  Incorporate  the  Indians  which  may 
InJist,  to  be  Stationed  on  the  River ;  That  Birch  canoes  be 
furnish*  for  their  Transportation  up  &  down  the  River, 
which  may  be  easily  taken  from  this  to  Penobscot  &  the 

28 


218        Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


Principle  rivers  80  miles  Back;  the  coramuuication  is  very 
Easy  which  I  have  now  had  a  opportunity  of  knowing. 
Indians  have  come  here  in  three  days  with  canoes.  That 
there  be  a  quantity  of  Provisions  &c  Disposited  at  Penob- 
scot, but  this  post  to  be  chief  Place  of  Randervous  for  the 
army.  I  think  it  wou'd  be  easy  to  Set  up  a  Truck  House 
in  Some  of  these  Places,  tho'  attended  with  some  Expense. 

I  trust  the  Hon^'^  Board  will  not  be  oft'ended,  when  I 
Recommend,  Should  any  men  be  sent  here,  to  be  very 
Particular  in  the  choice  of  officers ;  much  Disturbance  has 
arisen  here  among  the  men,  which  I  chiefly  perceive  is 
occasioned  by  officers,  upon  Examining  into  accounts  of 
St  Johns  &  other  Public  matters,  which  has  come  within 
the  Circle  of  my  Inspection.  I  have  Perceived  that  most 
Dishonorable  Transactions,  Unbecoming  the  most  Profli- 
gate men,  much  more  those  bearing  a  Commission.  Self 
seems  predominant,  &  every  Advantage  is  taken,  every 
one  tries  how  farr  he  can  Exceed  the  other  in  Charging.  It 
is  to  Occular  Demonstration  (to  me)  that  the  unsuccessful 
attempt  made,  the  Mutinying  &  Complaints  of  the  Sol- 
diers, and  the  heavy  Charges  is  owing  to  Indolent,  Design- 
ing, Avericious  men  Imploy'd  as  officers. 

If  any  thing  Should  be  done,  permit  me  to  Recommend 
Major  Stillman  as  an  Active  Deserving  Officer.  He  ap- 
pears well  acquainted  with  the  Army  regulations,  follows 
Such  Rules  as  are  allways  necessary,  as  also  has  the  Love 
of  the  Soldiers,  also  Permit  me  further  to  Recommend 
M*"  John  Preble.  The  Great  Expense,  which  now  arises  & 
is  daly  Encreasing,  with  the  Indians,  gives  me  cenceable 
Trouble.  "When  we  were  at  the  worst  in  the  River  St 
Johns,  &  were  forced  to  Leave  the  River  By  the  Advance- 
ment of  the  Britaius,  I  made  them  then  fully  Sencible 
of  the  Greatness  of  our  Cause,  the  equal  of  which  co«ild 
not  be  in  this  world,  they  Seem'd  to  give  up  the  Point 
themselves,  &  Confide  altogether  in  what  I  ordered. 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


2ia 


The  first  Step  I  then  took  was  to  gete  them  into  the 
Lakes,  on  the  Head  of  Passamaquody  about  160  miles  from 
the  Sea,  where  there  was  Plenty  of  moose  to  be  got,  for 
our  Subsistence,  &  Birch  Bark  for  canoes,  which  they 
were  ill  provided  with,  occasioned  by  these  Troubles ;  there 
was  much  difficulty  In  Performing  This,  Great  Familys, 
many  Aged  Persons  who  were  obliged  to  be  carried,  with 
considerable  other  Luggage. 

I  then  wrote  to  Mechias  Desiring,  my  Little  Schooner  to 
be  Sent  Round  to  Passamaquody  with  Supplys,  which 
when  done  &  the  Indians  settled  at  a  Distance  from  the 
English,  which  would  cause  Less  Expense,  I  intended  to 
Proceed  up  the  Bay  of  Funday  to  the  Micmacks.  But 
hearing  of  the  Enemys  being  at  Passamaquody,  I  Received 
a  Letter  from  your  Hono"^  with  the  Resolves  of  Court,  add 
to  this  the  Indians  who  wanted  your  necessaries,  I  came 
here,  the  Expedition  being  laid  aside.  The  Indians  have 
caused  a  great  Expense.  I  must  Earnestly  Request  the 
Hon'*'*  Boards  judgement  &  opinion  how  I  may  Provide 
with  them. 


!;     i>" 


Letter  from  Benjamin  Foster  to  the  Hon^^  Council,  ^c. 

Machias  27  Aug.  1777. 
May  it  please  your  Honors. 

In  compliance  with  my  duty,  permit  me  to  inform  your 

Honors  that  on  this  13"*  Instant  came  into  this  Harbour 

Three  British  ships  &  one  Brigantine  of  Forty,  thirty  two, 

twenty  eight,  &  fourteen  guns.     The  Brig,  with  one  flat 

bottom  arm'd  &  the  ships  boats,  made  all  dispatch  up  the 

river  till  they  came  within  reach  of  a  Breastwork  we  had 

thrown  up,  when  a  firing  began  on  our  part  fi'om  the 


I  I 


220 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


breastwork  &  on  the  enemies  from  the  Brig  &  Boats.  One 
of  the  Frigates  followed  so  far  up  the  river  till  she  grounded ; 
the  day  following  they  landed  under  cover  of  their  Cannon 
favor'd  by  a  very  thick  fog,  from  the  best  account,  about 
three  hundred  men,  paraded  themselves,  set  fire  to  three 
dwelling  houses  &  two  Barns,  &  re-entered  their  vessels ; 
same  day  they  attempted  to  carry  the  principal  part  of  the 
settlement,  but  met  with  so  spirited  an  opposition  that  the 
Brig  with  the  Boats  assistance  made  the  best  of  their  way 
down  river  again,  and  on  the  third  day,  after  a  smart  firing 
on  them  by  the  Inhabitants,  Indians  &  people,  occasionally 
with  us,  they  left  the  river  had  we  been  present  of  but  six 
Cannon,  of  12  or  even  9  pounders,  the  Brig  &  ship  would 
never  have  got  out  of  the  Harbour.  Our  loss  was  one 
man  killed  &  Capt  Farnsworth  slightly  wounded,  but  from 
the  best  intelligence  we  are  able  to  get  of  prisoners  & 
deserters  their  loss  is  very  great,  at  present  they  have  left 
the  Harbour  but  how  soon  they  will  return  with  a  superior 
strength  we  are  unable  to  determine,  our  accounts  are  that 
the  ships  are  return'd  to  Nova  Scotia  for  more  men,  and 
we  are  in  full  expectation  of  a  speedy  visit  from  them 
again,  the  expedition  forming  against  Nova  Scotia  we  are 
fully  persuaded  has  drawn  the  enemy  on  us.  The  order 
your  Honors  have  sent  for  Disbanding  the  Regiments  & 
transporting  the  military  stores  &  provisions  from  this  place 
back  have  thrown  us  into  the  utmost  consternation,  we  are 
exposed  both  to  the  insult  of  our  adversaries  and  apparent 
want,  the  Indians  among  us  appear  dejected  &  apprehend 
they  shall  be  obliged  to  join  the  enemy  for  support,  & 
unless  your  Honors  will  immediately  relieve  us  with  men, 
Provisions  &  Cannon  we  must  fall  a  Sacrifice.  The  Com- 
mittee with  desire  of  the  Inhabitants  have  agreed  to  detain 
what  supplies  are  already  in  the  place,  till  they  can  hear 
from  your  Honors,  and  take  into  pay  one  hundred  of  the 
Militia  west  of  us  belonging  to  this  Regiment  for  one 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


221 


m 


mouth,  as  this  was  the  place  of  rendezvous  the  Enemy  has 
its  destruction  much  at  heart,  &  in  case  they  carry  their 
point  upwards  of  one  hundred  families  will  be  destroyed, 
captivated  or  must  flee  into  the  heart  of  the  state  for  pro- 
tection &  relief,  &  an  extent  of  more  than  one  hundred 
mile  seacoast  will  become  an  easy  prey. 

If  we  arc  worth  preserving  may  I  beseech  your  Honors 
in  behalf  of  the  inhabitants  to  afford  us  that  immediate 
assistance  of  men  &  supplies,  your  Honors  shall  judge 
effectual  for  our  preservation. 

I  have  the  pleasure  to  inform  your  Honors  that  the 
Indians  soldiers  &  Inhabitants  exerted  themselves  to  their 
utmost,  notwithstanding  the  superior  numbers  &  strength 
of  the  Enemy  forced  them  to  retreat  with  great  loss, 
besides  the  foregoing  damage  done  they  consumed  our 
gristmill  &  plundered  some  Houses. 

I  am  with  profound  respect 
your  Honors 
most  obedient  humble  servant 

Bbnj'^  Foster. 


.i  ft!. 


M 


m 
T 


'i  ■ 


f  I! 


Letter  from  George  Stillman. 

Machias  Aug  27, 1777. 
May  it  please  your  Honors 

Agreeable  to  my  appointment  as  Major  of  a  Regiment  to 

be  Eaised  for  an  expedition  to  St  Johns,  I  Repaired,  by 

your  directions,  with  the  dispatches  «&c.  to  this  Place,  and 

with  the  consent  &  advice  of  Lieut  Coll°  Minott,  I  appointed 

the  officers  of  three  companies,  who  proceeded  to  raise 

their  men  as  fast  as  Possible,  but  they  had  not  all  the 

success  that  could  be  wished,  for  only  twenty  nine  in  one 


K 


222 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


Company  have  passed  muster,  and  twenty  four  in  the  other. 
The  third  Company  has  a  number  engaged  but  none  mus- 
tered, the  officers  &  men  of  the  mustered  company  have 
been  on  duty  for  six  weelcs  past,  and  have  received  the  most 
of  their  bountys  &  blanketts,  &  behaved  with  the  utmost 
bravery  in  the  late  action  in  this  Place,  indeed  we  were  all 
in  high  spirits  and  every  thing  seemed  to  wear  a  smiling 
aspect  till  the  Brigade  Major  Mr  Newell  arrived  with 
positive  orders  to  Diaband  all  the  troops  in  this  department 
except  those  under  my  Command.  For  the  discharge  of 
these  there  is  no  order,  tho'  I  am  fully  convinced  by  what 
appears,  that  it  was  your  Honours  pleasuro,*that  they,  also, 
should  be  dismissed.  However,  as  I  can  keep  them  under 
my  Command  without  breaking  orders,  and  the  exigencies 
of  this  Place  seems  to  make  it  absolutely  necessary  so  to 
do,  I  am  determined,  thro'  a  clear  conviction  of  the 
necessity  of  such  a  measure,  and  the  importunities  of  the 
Committee  and  others,  to  detain  them  in  the  Service,  till 
your  honors  pleasure  is  known.  The  danger  this  place  is 
in  continually  has  doubtless  been  represented  to  the  Hon'''® 
Court  by  the  Committee  and  Cap'  Allan,  &  therefore  I 
shall  only  add,  that  I  view  it  as  in  a  very  critical  situation, 
and  that  its  preservation  is  an  object  worthy  the  attention 
of  the  State,  when  considered  only  in  itself,  but  when  we 
view  Machias  as  a  valuable  frontier  town,  a  proper  Retreat 
for  the  Indians,  and  a  barrier  to  all  our  eastern  Country, 
its  importance  to  the  State  rises  in  our  esteem  a  greater 
Excitement  for  Defending  it. 

I  have  the  Honour  to  be  with  the  Greatest  Respect, 
your  Honors 

Most  Obedient  Humble  Serv*. 
George  Stillman. 


f  III 

lit 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


228 


ible 


tion 
we 

L'eat 


Letter  from  Stephen  Smith. 

Machias  28<*^w^.  1777. 
May  it  please  your  Honours 

I  have  now  to  acquaint  the  Hon^'®  Board  that  soon  after 
my  arrival  from  the  westward,  Major  Stillman  Return'd  in 
order  to  pass  muster,  Fifty  Four  non  Commissioned  Offi- 
cers &  Soldiers.  The  Attempt  of  the  Enemy  with  the 
many  Intelligences  daily  rec"*  of  their  movements.  Brings 
Duty  very  hard  &  Close,  so  that  most  of  the  recruits  could 
not  give  that  Little  assistance  to  their  familys  as  they  Ex- 
pected when  Listed,  to  do  before  their  being  Embodied. 

This  occasioned  many  heavy  Complaints,  &  for  fear  the 
service  should  be  Detered,  &  Willing  to  perform  every 
thing  which  in  me  Lay  for  the  good  of  it.  I  collected  all 
the  money  I'ossible,  w**"  I  paid  the  Soldiers  &  Delivered 
notes  of  hand  for  the  remainder.  This  being  done  without 
Immediate  orders  from  your  Honors,  or  the  Brigadier  it 
may  no  Doubt  be  Disputed,  but  as  the  service  so  much 
require  it,  &  the  men  still  Continuing  in  the  Service  I 
must  pray  your  Honors  to  order  the  money  to  be  sent  me, 
the  amount  of  which  I  here  inclose  you. 

I  also  advanced  them  Blankets  &  other  things,  which 
were  to  be  allowed  them,  I  was  somewhat  obliged  to  do 
this  sooner  than  I  intended,  for  there  was  not  those  suitable 
necessarys  to  Complete  their  Rations,  such  as  molasses, 
beans.  Peas,  Indian  meal,  Butter,  Candles,  Soap,  &c. 

The  Duty  has  been  very  severe,  both  Militia,  as  well  as 
enlisted  Troops,  very  Little  has  been  done  by  People  in 
their  Private  business,  not  much  Hay  has  yet  been  Pro- 
cured, which  consequently  will  bring  people  to  great 
straits,  as  well  for  their  own  suppqrt  as  their  stock. 

Time  not  permitting  me  Col  Campbell  went  oif  to  write 
respecting  the  Enemys  attempt  &  other  matters,  shall 
refer  mentioning  any  thing  at  Present  on  that  subject,  as  I 


w 


:! 


224 


Rbvolutionaky  Operations  in  Eastern 


Doubt  not  some  others  have  given  the  Particulars.  The 
present  Exigency  &  Distress  of  these  parts  is  hardly  to  bo 
Conceived  by  a  Stranger,  the  removing  our  Propertys  & 
familys  in  the  woods  for  fear  of  the  Enemy  —  many 
Persons  Property  was  Embezzled  &  Destroyed,  &  their 
familys  much  Exposed  —  many  Laying  out  in  the  open 
woods. 

Your  Honors  may  remember  that  it  was  resolved  that 
any  Provisions  advanced  for  the  St  Johns  Expedition 
should  be  replaced,  w*  people  putting  their  dependance 
on,  by  the  scarcity,  daily  application  is  made,  there  is  still 
remaining  due  SeBlt^'"  Pork,  6601b.  Rice,  14931b  flour,  2 
Sugar,  11  Gall'  N.  E.  Rum.  This  Expedition  being  of 
much  service  in  securing  the  Interest  of  the  Indians,  I 
Doubt  not  but  your  Honours  will  order  it  to  be  replaced. 
The  Truck  House  is  at  present  very  Bare.  Mr  Allan  has 
Drained  it  very  much  with  the  Indians,  we  have  great 
satisfaction  in  their  zealous  attachment,  but  a  great  Expence 
ensuing  which  Mr.  Allan  &  myself  is  very  uneasy  about, 
pray  let  me  know  particularly  about  it.  I  have  Impowered 
Col.  Campbell  to  act  for  me  who  is  an  Honest  man.  I 
shall  as  soon  as  Possible  give  a  proper  state  of  matters. 

I  am  with  Duty  &  Respect,  -fee. 
Stephen  Smith. 


British  Account  of  the  Battle  at  Machias.  »• 

[The  editor  is  fortunately  able  to  annex  t^     ■":!♦•'  ' 
account  of  this  little  ^nown,  but  very  impo 
It  is  extracted  from  a  small,  but  very  jtiti     , 

"  Compiled  from  a  Journal  kept  on  b       I  the        p  Rain- 
bow, commanded  by  Sir  George  Collier,"  etc.     i'he  writer 


«' 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


225 


la  1 11- 
b'iter 


seemH  to  have  made  the  hest  story  possible  under  the 
circumstances,  and  wore  rejoiced  that  tliey  got  off  without 
further  KiSs;  the  damage  done  to  the  mills  and  other 
property  was  much  magnified.  Had  the  British  suc- 
ceeded in  their  attempt  on  Machias  the  eftect  on  Eastern 
Maine  must  have  been  disastrous  in  the  extreme,] 

"  The  Marines  were  then  landed  and  the  boom  being 
examined  was  easily  cut.  The  Hope  then  proceeded  on, 
flanked  by  the  Marinep  who  marched  along  the  side  of  the 
river.  They  soon  came  to  the  spot  where  the  magazine 
was  erected  which  they  found  to  consist  of  great  quantities  of 
clothing,  salt,  provisions  and  amunition  ;  they  were  large 
separate  buildings  three  in  number.  The  stores  were  very 
valuable  but  as  the  rebels  increased  very  fast  and  kept  up 
a  constant  firing  from  the  woods  there  was  no  possibility 
of  bringing  any  part  away.  The  buildings  were  therefore 
set  fire  to  and  the  whole  quantity  of  stores  consumed 
together  with  a  large  corn  mill  and  three  saw  mills.  The 
habitations  of  the  people  and  all  private  property  were 
spared  by  the  express  orders  of  Sir  George,  who  wished  to 
bring  back  these  infatuated  people  by  acts  of  lenity  rather 
than  severity.  The  Marines  after  this  embarked  and  the 
Hope  and  small  vessels  proceeded  a  little  higher  up  into 
the  centre  of  the  town  with  an  intention  of  destroying 
three  or  four  other  saw  mills  situated  there,  but  the  rebels 
had  by  this  time  increased  so  considerably  and  appeared 
in  so  much  force,  and  Avith  a  body  of  Indians,  that  the 
officer  charged  with  this  service  very  prudently  declined 
hazarding  the  lives  of  his  people,  as  the  object  was  not 
worth  it,  and  accordingly  as  soon  as  the  ebb  tide  made,  he 
weighed  and  dropped  down  the  river,  the  rebels  lining  the 
woods  on  each  side  and  keeping  up  an  unceasing  fire  of 
musquetry.  The  Hope  had  not  proceeded  far  when  by 
some  accident  she  got  aground,  and  in  spite  of  every 

29 


!         SI 


I-; 


226 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


exertion  to  get  her  off  the  tide  ebbed  so  fast  as  to  leave 
her  almost  dry.  The  rebels  instantly  availed  themselves 
of  this  accident  and  in  addition  to  their  incessant  fire  of 
musquetry,  brought  a  small  cannon,  a  three  pounder  down 
through  the  woods  with  which  they  annoyed  _ her  exceed- 
ingly till  the  next  tide,  when  she  luckily  floated  again  and 
joined  the  rest  of  the  squadron,  who  had  anchored  as  high 
up  the  river  as  the  depth  of  water  would  permic.  This 
fortunate  enterprise  put  an  entire  end  to  all  future  attempts 
to  invade  Nova  Scotia,  and  it  was  achieved  with  much  less 
loss,  than  might  have  been  expected,  considering  the  force 
of  the  enemy,  there  being  only  three  men  killed  and 
eighteen  wounded  in  the  whole  fleet.  The  news  was 
received  in  Halifax  with  great  joy  as  it  freed  the  province 
from  any  fear  of  an  invasion,  and  Sir  George  received 
from  the  governor  and  council  their  best  thanks  for  the 
service  done  the  province." 

"  The  project  of  invading  I^ova  Scotia  was  again  resumed 
by  the  direction  of  the  ruling  powers  at  Boston,  and  Col. 
Allan  was  sent  from  thence  to  encourage  the  people  of 
Machias  to  enaraffe  in  the  services  and  to  establish  maffa- 


'&"fo^ 


to*- 

and 


zines  for  that  purpose  of  provisions,  amunitions 
clothing.  Col.  Allan  brought  with  him  presents  for  the 
Indians  of  St.  Johns  whose  friendship  and  assistance  he 
was  ordered  to  court  by  every  means  in  his  power.  He 
was  indefatigable  in  all  the  business  he  was  charged 
with  getting  a  promise  from  the  Indian  chiefs  to  join  in 
the  attack  on  N"ova  Scotia.  He  raised  a  large  number  of 
men  whom  he  assidiously  trained  to  exercise,  and  by  the 
large  supplies  he  brought  from  Boston  some  considerable 
magazines  were  established,  and  grew  fast  to  a  completion. 
The  vicinity  of  Machias  to  the  frontiers  of  Xova  Scotia 
made  it  impossible  tlxese  great  preparations  should  remain 
long  a  secret  at  Halifax.  The  governor  and  council  ac- 
cordingly took    the  alarm,  convinced  of   the  imminent 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


227 


and 

the 

36  he 

He 

[•seed 


danger  that  threatened  the  colony,  they  laid  their  appre- 
hension before  Sir  George  Collier  and  Gen.  Massey  (who 
commanded  the  troops),  offering  it  as  their  opinion  that 
the  only  way  to  prevent  the  attack  was  to  Ijegin  with  the 
rebels  at  Machias  bpfore  their  preparations  were  quite 
ready,  and  urging  these  gentleman  to  cooperate  with  them 
on  this  occasion,  with  the  ships  and  troops  under  their 
command  to  carry  the  war  into  the  enemy's  countr3\  Gen. 
Massey  excused  himself  from  having  any  concern  in  it. 
He  said  he  was  left  there  by  Gen.  Howe  to  protect  and 
defend  Halifax  if  it  should  be  attacked,  but  that  he  had  no 
power  to  send  troops  out  of  the  province  or  to  attempt  any 
expedition  offensive  to  the  enemy.  Sir  George  in  answer 
to  the  application  of  the  governor  and  council,  informed 
them  that  he  would  instantly  sail  with  what  men  of  war 
he  could  collect  and  do  every  thing  in  his  power  to  destroy 
the  enemy's  magazines  and  prevent  their  intended  invasion 
of  the  province.  He  accordingly  put  to  sea  in  two  days 
having  orly  the  Rainbow  and  Blonde  frigates  with  him, 
but  the  Mermaid  joined  him  on  his  passage  and  he  found 
the  Hope  ^t  anchor  among  the  Cranberry  islands  near 
Mt.  Desert  whom  he  directed  to  procure  intelligence  of 
what  was  doing  at  Machias  and  to  meet  him  at  these 
islands. 

"  The  captain  of  the  Hope  confirmed  every  little  relative 
to  the  intended  enterprise  of  the  rebels,  and  by  a  spy  senl 
forward  there  was  great  reason  to  suspect  many  ti'aitors  who 
were  in  Nova  Scotia  intended  joining  with  and  assisting 
the  rebels  whenever  they  made  their  appearance  there. 
Sir  George  upon  this  intelligence  weighed  immediately 
with  his  little  squadron,  and  proceeded  toward-^  +1ie  harbor 
of  Machias,  but  the  passage  was  rendered  very  dangerous, 
by  thick  fogs,  strong  curi'ents,  numerous  breakers  and 
shoals  which  had  nearly  wrecked  all  the  ships.  They 
escaped,  however,  and  made  at  last  the  entrance  to  the 


1 

''1 


I!   r, 


m 


228 


Ebvolutionart  Operations  in  Eastern 


harbour  upon  which  the  squadron  went  as  far  as  the  Rain- 
bow could  possibly  go,  who  then  anchored,  but  the  other 
ships  drawing  less  water  went  on.  The  arrangement  had 
been  made  previous  to  entering  the  harbour,  and  the 
marines  of  all  the  ships  were  put  on  board  the  Hope,  who, 
with  some  small  vessels  proceeded  up  till  she  was  stopped 
by  a  boom  across  the  river  which  was  defended  by  a  small 
fort.  The  rebels  from  the  woods  kept  up  a  warm  fire  of 
musketry  but  the  fort  was  abandoned  a  few  broadsides 
from  the  Hope." 


Extract  of  a  Letter  from  J  Allan. 

Machias  Sept[22''^  1777. 

Since  my  last  Letter  we  have  been  Continually  upon  the 
wing  &  harrased  By  Diftbrent  Intelligence  respecting  the 
Enemy  —  but  upon  the  whole  we  have  received  authentic 
ace*"  of  their  Intentions.  The  last  came  by  Doctor  Rice 
who  arrived  yesterday  from  Cumberland  with  Two  young 
men  whom  I  sent,  when  at  the  River  St  Johns  —  that 
Express  orders  had  come  from  Lord  &  General  Howe  to 
Distroy  the  Settlement  of  Machias,  as  its  Lying  so  adjacent 
to  Nova  Scotia  which  now  was  the  Only  Asylum  for  the 
Royalist,  was  Lyable  to  be  distress*  as  also  it  would  be  of 
Service  in  making  an  invasion  into  the  Eastern  Countiy. 
Accordingly  5  Ships  of  war  with  800  Regular  Troops 
besides  what  militia  could  be  Rais'd  was  Collected  together 
for  the  Expedition.  But  Sir  George  Collier  of  the  Rain- 
bow thinking  the  Place  weak  made  the  attempt  before  the 
whole  force  came,  with  what  Marines  he  had  on  Board 
since  their  Defeat  here,  they  have  Gate  all  collected  to- 


Maine  and  J^ov4.  Scotia. 


229 


gether  at  St  Johns  with  Flat  Bottom  Boats  to  attack 
at  diif'  parts,  So  that  we  are  in  Dayly  Expectation  of 
them  ;  a  large  ship  has  Laid  this  Some  days  at  the  mouth 
of  the  River,  but  so  that  Vessells  pass  in  the  night. 

The  militia  have  come  in  from  diff '  parts  so  that  I 
Imagine  there  is  now  about  350  men  including  Indians, 
who  have  Erected  a  number  of  Breastworks  &  Batterys,  & 
every  one  seems  Determined  to  Defend  to  the  Last.  But 
things  go  on  very  Irregular  &  uncertain,  Militia  men  very 
discontented  &  the  Troops  which  we  have  lately  Inlisted 
Being  under  no  Regular  Command  will  not  obey,  things 
cannot  be  done  with  that  precision,  regularity  &  Economy 
as  is  Required  for  the  Interest  of  the  States  —  for  my  own 
part  I  have  taken  upon  me  to  Encourage  the  Defending 
this  place,  &  promise  many  things  that  may  be  Disapproved 
of,  two  Hundred  of  our  men  under  proper  order  &  Dici- 
pline  would  be  of  more  service  than  600  as  they  now  are  — 
I  am  sometimes  afraid  the  Britains  will  carry  their  point 
in  Distroying  the  place,  if  we  do  not  make  a  strong  stand. 
The  Hon^'"^  Board  will  be  the  best  judges  of  the  Conse- 
quences of  this. 

Expences  at  present  are  Great  &  more  so  Because  of  not 
having  things  upon  a  permanent  footing  —  I  am  anxious 
Still,  to  get  among  the  Micmacks,  yet  I  cannot  think  of 
Leaving  this  Distressed  place  till  I  see  the  Event  or  arms 
Ordered  otherways. 

The  Letter  which  came  to  Col°  Eddy  it  being  on  Public 
service  I  recommended  to  Major  Stillraan  to  open,  where 
we  found  some  Blank  Commissions,  had  our  Situation 
been  more  peaceable,  I  would  have  advised  them  to  be 
Immediately  fill'd  up.  But  the  Appointing  Such  Officers  as 
might  be  thought  necessary  would  give  Umbrage  to  others 
who  might  so  Influence  the  men  as  to  occasion  disturbance 
which  at  present  appears  our  business  to  prevent.  Besides 
it  is  thought  requisite  to  delay  tilling  them  up  at  present, 


I  <i 


230 


Kevolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


■*-|r 


as  our  Orders  comes  so  Immediately  lo  Col°  Eddy  who 
had  the  offer  of  the  Command. 

The  Indians  I  still  Keep  &  have  Eeasons  to  believe  no 
people  will  defend  the  Liberty  of  America  better  —  I  have 
recei*  a  Second  Intelligence  from  the  Micmacks  with 
tokens  of  Friendship.  They  are  also  assembled  together 
waiting  for  a  conference  with  me  Determining  not  to  give 
any  Satisfaction  till  they  See  me  should  I  be  orderd  other- 
wise I  expect  a  body  of  them  here. 

The  Penobscot  Indians  are  constantly  here  making 
heav3'  complaints  of  Impositions  &  Extortions,  «fe  Insists 
upon  being  connected  with  the  other  Tribes. 

Should  the  Ilon^'*'  Court  authorise  me  I  will  give  my 
attendance  as  I  have  not  a  Commission  immediately  from 
Congress  Supposing  at  that  time  they  were  under  some 
other  regulation  with  This  Still. 

I  find  there  is  a  French  merchant  (Mons  Lunier)  settled 
at  the  Head  of  Penobscot  with  a  British  Commission  to 
Treat  with  the  Indians,  he  uses  every  Art  &  means  to  turn 
them  —  they  have  had  many  Supplys  from  him  &  I  fear 
they  have  given  much  Intelligence  from  time  to  time. 
We  have  received  inteligence  from  Cumberland  that 
certain  news  had  arrived  both  publick  as  well  as  private 
from  England  that  the  Parliament  of  Brittain  By  the 
Clamor  out  of  Doors  where  almost  Equal  in  opposition. 
Threats  given  out  publickly,  thro  the  Kingdom  that  a 
revolt  will  take  place.  Gen'  Howe  sent  home  positive 
Demand  for  50,000  men  with  every  thing  conformable  or 
he  must  Give  up  the  point  —  In  answer  to  which  he  was 
told  he  must  do  what  he  could  with  those  he  had,  for  men 
were  not  to  be  had,  &  the  Interposition  of  the  French 
woud  prevent  any  foreign  Troops.  That  war  was  declaired 
between  the  '  u'ks  &  Russians.  A  French  Ship  of  Sixteen 
Guns  was  taken  &  carried  into  Halifax ;  they  Treated  the 
Cap'  very  Harsh  &  Cruel,  threatening  to  put  him  in  Irons 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


231 


for  Supplying  the  Rebels,  he  told  them  they  might  do  as 
they  pleased  but  that  the  FrCiich  were  determined  to  suply, 
and  in  a  short  time  it  was  probable  they  woud  See  white 
colors  off  the  Harbour  no  newspapers  pennitted  to  go 
abroad  but  to  particular  people;  consequently  none  is 
brought, —  the  Garrison  at  Cumberland  is  veiy  weak. 
Gorham  is  to  be  brought  to  a  Court  Martifil  for  being  so 
favorable  to  the  families,  he  has  indeed  acted  the  part  of  a 
Humane  Goodman,'  30  of  the  Militia  every  week  is  Drove 
into  the  Garrison ;  these  do  all  the  Drugery  of  the  Soldiers. 
Petitions  have  been  presented  by  the  Yorkshire  men  & 
Several  Officers,  to  take  all  the  Families  into  the  Fort  as 
Hostages  —  but  Gorham  Treated  it  with  that  contempt  it 
Deserved.  The  whole  province  is  in  Confusion  Trouble  & 
Anguish  no  one  Dare  Speak  the  name  of  the'r  Dearest 
Relation. 

My  own  family  has  by  the  assistance  of  Divine  provi- 
dence made  out  to  Get  so  far,  but  her  Treatment  was 
Cruel  &  Severe,  forsaken  by  those  who  I  Expected  would 
have  helped  her,  for  fear  of  being  Ruined  themselves,  my 
proceedings  in  these  parts  has  Brought  on  the  keenest 
resentment  &  delivered  vengance  against  me ;  consequently 
those  Concernd  with  me  are  Treated  with  Rigor  &  Severity. 
I  could  very  Easily  have  removed  my  family  this  Summer 
but  the  necessity  of  my  Close  attention  to  the  Business  of 
the  Indians  prevented  it  —  my  mind  at  present  has  become 
burthend  with  Trouble  about  them,  &  I  cannot  think  of 
leaving  them  there  another  winter  as  they  must  perish. —  I 
must  pray  the  Hon'^''^  Board  will  give  me  Liberty  to  allow 
me  to  Employ  &  Send  Some  persons  to  gite  them  away. 


'  Col.  Gorham's  character. 


282 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


Massachusetts  Council  to  the  PassamoqUody  Indians. 

[This  document  was  found  in  possession  of  the  Passa- 
maquody  Indians  who  have  preserved  it  from  its  reception 
near  its  date,  to  the  present  time.] 

State  Massachusetts  Bay,  ■» 
Council  Chamber,  Boston,  8cpt  W"  1777.  / 

Friends  &  Brethren : 

We  have  been  informed  of  your  valor  &  good  conduct 
in  opposing  the  enemy  in  the  attack  they  lately  Miade  on 
the  settlement  at  Machias,  and  the  intelligence  has  afforded 
us  much  satisfaction.  If  our  Enemies  would  return  home 
and  leave  us  to  enjoy  our  own  habitations  in  peace  it 
would  be  the  best  for  us,  and  for  them  too.  We  have  no 
desire  to  injure  or  molest  them,  and  if  they  had  the  same 
disposition  towards  us  all  would  be  well.  They  have  be- 
gun &  carried  on  a  cruel  &  unjust  war  against  us,  without 
any  provocation  on  our  part,  and  so  long  as  they  continue 
it,  we  are  determined  to  oppose  them  humbly  trusting  that 
the  great  God,  whose  kingdom  ruleth  over  all  &  who  will 
finally  bring  down  every  oppressor,  will  defeat  all  their 
wicked  purposes  against  us. 

We  have  the  pleasure  to  inform  you  that  our  troops, 
under  General  Stark,  have  gained  a  very  signal  victory 
over  the  enemy,  and  another  division  of  their  army,  at 
Fort  Stanwix,  has  been  made  to  fly  before  our  people  after 
suffering  a  very  great  loss.  The  state  of  our  affairs  both 
at  the  southward  and  the  northward  is  at  this  time  more 
agreeable  &  promising  than  it  has  been  since  the  begin- 
ning of  the  war.  We  have  sent  sundry  stores  to  Co'  Allan, 
so  that  he  may  be  better  able  to  supply  you  with  such 
things  as  you  need,  and  we  shall  endeavor  for  the  future 
to  afford  you  the  best  supply's  in  our  power,  hoping  that 


Maine  and  !N"ova  Scotia. 


288 


the  friendship  which  Bubsists  between  us  will  always  con- 
tinue to  our  mutual  comfort  &  advantage. 
In  the  name,  &  by  the  order  of  Council 

I  am  Your  Humble  Serv'* 

Jer.  Powell,  Presid" 

Underneath  the  signature  are  these  words : 

Command  Captain 

JsoPH  Neeala  Machias. 
To  Ambroise  and  the  other  Indians  under  Co'  Allan  at 
Machias. 

Superscribed :  Captain  Joseph  Neeale  Ouast  Machias. 


'>  III 


To  the  Chiefs,  SacJiems  and  Captains  of  the  Maresheei  Tribe 

of  Indians : 

St  Andrews,  Passamaquoddy,  1 

July  10«A  1778.  J 
Friends  &  Brothers : 

If  any  vessels  comes  into  any  of  the  Harbours  in  this 
District,  you  are  to  go  on  Board  (if  not  arrived)  and  Ex- 
amine their  papers,  and  if  they  Belong  to  Kova  Scotia, 
Newport,  New  York  or  any  other  of  the  Enemy's  Ports, 
or  are  any  way  connected  with  them,  you  must  Secure  and 
Send  them  to  Machias,  you  must  acquaint  All  Torys  that 
if  they  Send  any  intelligence  to  St  Johns,  speak  Hurtfull  and 
Threaten  the  Subjects  of  America,  that  you  will  Take 
them  immediately  up  and  send  them  to  Machias.  The 
Captains  is  to  command  the  young  men  for  Warr,  when 
they  take  any  Prisoners  they  are  to  deliver  them  to  Am- 
broise as  Chief  Councillor,  and  he  is  to  send  them  to 
Machias,  and  You  are  all  to  Assist  Him.  You  will  not 
allow  any  of  your-  young  men  to  have  any  connection 

30 


^ 


234 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


whatever  with  any  of  the  people  of  Great  Britain.  Keep 
by  yourselves,  and  keep  good  Council.  Let  me  know  how 
things  go  with  you,  what  news  from  time  to  time,  and 
everything  stirring.  Francis  Joseph  Neptune  and  Joseph 
Tomma  are  the  persons  to  deliver  out  the  provisions,  and 
the  Chiefs  and  Captains  are  to  be  particular  to  their  at- 
tendance &  see  what  persons  stand  in  need  of  it. 

I  am,  your  sincere  friend  &  brother, 

J.  Allan. 
Colonel  Command-in-Chief  Eastern  Indians. 

Superscribed :  (On  Public  Service). 


The  Penobscot  Indians. 

Machias  September  25'*  1777. 
Sir. 

In  Consequence  of  a  Letter  I  received  from  Colonel 
Jonathan  Lowther  at  Penobscot  last  night,  I  am  under  the 
necessity  to  Trouble  the  Hou^^^  Board  once  more. 

The  Ilon*^^®  Board  may  remember  that  in  my  letter  of 
the  12"'  of  June  from  St  Johns,  I  acquainted  them  of  my 
having  Entered  into  an  agreement  of  Trade,  with  the 
Marisheete,  Madawaska,  Meductic  &  Passamaquody  Tribes, 
with  Several  Reasons  for  doing  it  in  such  a  manner. 

The  Penobscot  Tribe  was  not  mentioned  in  my  Com- 
mission, as  I  utterly  refused  it  at  Congress,  supposing  at 
that  time  that  it  was  so  in  the  heart  of  the  Country,  that 
they  were  under  the  immediate  jurisdiction  of  the  Gen' 
court  of  this  State,  and  they  having  such  an  Intercourse 
with  the  Inhabitants,  I  presumed  that  things  were  carried 
on  reciprocally,  for  the  Interests  of  the  States  as  well  as 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


235 


Indians,  therefore  did  not  for  some  time  make  any  particu- 
lar Inquiry  about  them. 

Since  my  return  from  St  Johns  I  have  had  several  con- 
ferences with  the  Penobscot  Indians  one  in  particular 
where  we  Exchanged  several  strings  of  wampum,  where  I 
perceived  from  what  they  said  and  other  authentic  accounts, 
that  some  of  the  most  Diabolical  proceedings  had  been 
carried  on,  on  that  river.  Great  Embezzclments  of  Publick 
money,  as  well  as  Imposing  on  the  Indians ;  which  with 
the  close  attention  Mon'  Lumier,  the  British  Agent  on 
the  head  of  the  river  gave  to  his  business,  I  saw  the  Body 
must  be  soon  driven  off. 

I  used  every  Encouragement  possible,  and  presumed  to 
agree  with  them  on  the  Same  footing,  as  I  did  with  the 
other  Tribes,  which  they  immediately  published  on  their 
return  to  Penobscot  which  seems  to  occation  some  stirr. 
M""  Lowther  (Lowder)  writes  the  difficulty  he  is  under  by 
purchasing  goods  at  so  dear  a  price. 

When  I  undertook  the  business,  I  supposed  every  Truck 
house  was  properly  furnished,  &  where  there  could  be  no 
Indians  settled,  I  Endeavored  to  Encourage  the  Indians 
to  go  where  there  was  one.    , 

The  art  &  Insinuations  used  by  the  Bri tains,  requires  us 
to  use  every  means  possible  to  keep  them,  and  I  am  con- 
scious that  notwithstanding  the  great  outsets,  that  if 
Economy  &  care  is  used,  and  persons  not  too  much  bent 
upon  Private  profits,  that  the  prices  stated,  with  the  high 
prices  of  Furrs  on  the  Continent,  will  fully  answer  the 
cost,  or  very  little  short.  Excepting  where  the  Indians 
gives  their  close  attendcnce  to  the  service,  which  is  the 
case  at  present  here.  35  familys  are  Encamped  about  12 
miles  ofi";  the  men  keep  continually  on  duty  for  the  Defence 
of  this  place,  the  familys  no  way  to  subsist  as  the  English 
do.  Consequently  thej  must  be  at  a  far  greater  Expense, 
then  when  kept  only  a  hunting. 


!;il 


<H~ 


it 

^H  t 

111;; : 


236 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


I  have  written  M'  Lowther  there  on  this  matter  & 
recommend  to  procure  necessary  articles  upon  such  a 
footing  as  to  do  them  Justice  &  procure  &  keep  their 
friendship,  and  if  not  countermanded  before,  I  should  be 
at  Penobscot  &  have  a  Conference  &  settle  the  Diff' 
matters. 

By  the  Latter  End  of  October,  I  doubt  not  but  he  will 
lay  a  satisfactory  ace'  of  things  before  the  Ilon^'*'  Board 
to  Enable  him  to  procure  what  will  be  necessary. 

Permit  me  again  to  renew  my  solicitations,  Ernestly 
requesting  the  candid  oppinion  &  advice  of  the  Hon'''^ 
Board  How  they  would  have  the  Indians  fixed  &  Settled  & 
whether  it  is  agreeable  to  keep  them  in  the  Ser-ice,  or 
take  them  up  to  the  Lakes,  for  the  great  Expense  now 
arising  is  a  perpetual  Trouble  to  me;  tho'  I  fear  the 
fatal  consequences  if  they  are  Let  go. 

I  greatfully  acknowledge  the  Ilon''^^  Courts  Kindness  in 
Passing  a  resolve  with  respect  to  Debarring  people  from 
selling  Liquor  to  the  Indians ;  it  has  answered  the  End  in 
some  degree  tho'  not  sufficiently. 

I  must  further  request  tl  >  an  act  may  pass,  to  prevent 
any  person  whatever  (Truck  xlouses  excepted)  from  Trad- 
ing any  way  whatever,  under  a  greater  penalty  than  what 
is  fixed,  pointing  out  the  methods  of  prosecution,  for  I  find 
the  Indians  daily  celling  property  which  they  have  got 
from  the  Truckhouse  which  keeps  them  daily  demanding 
it  again. 

The  debaring  people  from  Trading  with  them  will  be 
of  further  service  to  the  Inhabitants  of  this  Eastern 
Country ;  for  the  Little  petty  Traders  which  come  along 
shore  (I  may  say  with  propriety  Pilfering)  will  not  Dispose 
of  the  necessarys  of  life,  which  is  much  wanted  by  the 
Inhabitants,  for  paper  money,  Because  they  Expect  hard 
money  &  furs  from  the  Indians,  By  which  I  have  perceived 
many  are  in  the  greatest  Distress. 


'i 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


287 


Tlie  Enemy  has  not  been  with  us  yet,  but  we  are  in 
hourly  Expectations,  and  indeed  if  coming  this  fall,  I 
heartily  wish  it  Speedily,  for  in  a  few  days  our  whole 
militia  I  expect  will  Leave  us,  to  which  time  I  fear  our 
Enemys  are  preparing  their  Bloody  Intentions  to  take  us  at 
a  Disadvantage. 

I  wrote  the  22"'^  Ins'  and  sent  it  a  few  days  ago,  which  I 
expect  will  be  Deliv^  with  this.     *     *    * 

J  Allan. 


HU- 1 


Arrival  of  two  Vessels,  etc. 

Maciiias  Odo^  12''^  1777. 
Sir. 

Being  Nccessiatcd  to  send  an  Express  Westwardly  sud- 
denly. Gives  me  Just  time  to  inform  the  Hou^*^  Board  that 
I  had  the  Honour  of  receiving  their  Esteemed  &  respectable 
favours  of  the  IS"*  &  19"',  Ult  the  former  of  which  covering 
a  resolve  of  the  General  Court  &  a  Number  of  blank 
Commissions. 

Two  vessels  have  arrived  with  a  Number  of  Articles, 
having  Two  Nine  Pounders  &  one  four  pounder  with 
appurtinances  to  conform  agreeable  to  the  Resolves. 

We  have  at  present  but  very  few  men,  which  gives  me 
much  concern  when  I  concider  the  large  Propei'ty  De- 
posited here  for  fear  the  Enemy  should  suddenly  pop  in 
and  Distroy  it,  I  should  have  thought  it  absolutely  Neces- 
sary, that  fifty  men  at  least,  should  have  been  sent  to 
Escort,  however  every  Precaution  shall  be  used  to  prevent 
a  surprise  tho'  from  the  Intelligence  I  Get  I  am  in  some 
hopes  the  Enemy  are  Frightened  for  the  present  from  per- 
suing their  Intended  plan.  I  Believe  they  have  left  St 
Johnp 


*l 


.If*  ;9 
III:  ?J 


288 


Rbvolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


Lieut  Col"  Nevers  has  not  yet  arrived,  nor  have  I  re- 
ceived any  Intelligence  from  him.  I  doubt  whether  he  will 
raise  his  men  before  the  Time  is  out.  Indeed  should  I  re- 
ceive favorable  ucc"  by  some  persona  I  expect  soon,  I  think 
it  will  be  as  well  to  lesson  the  Number,  as  such  great 
Expense  will  be  Needless,  if  the  Enemy  have  thrown  up 
the  Matter,  but  I  will  be  thoroughly  convinced  before  I 
even  hint  such  a  thing  this  way. 

It  will  be  necessary  to  have  a  small  fortress,  for  the 
security  of  the  Cannon,  of  no  other  service  now,  for  they 
being  so  heavy  &  the  country  so  uneven  &  no  roads,  that 
an  open  Breastwork  or  Battery,  People  being  liable  to 
retreat  in  such  places,  must  consequently  Loose  the  guns. 

I  have  summoned  the  principle  officers  of  the  militia  & 
the  committee  to  meete  tomorrow  to  lay  before  them  my 
Intentions  of  Erecting  a  small  Portress  on  an  Eminance 
above  the  former  Battery,  which  commands  both  Rivers, 
for  their  approbation,  at  the  same  time  I  shall  demand  a 
Number  of  the  Inhabitants,  to  assist  at  the  Business. 

I  cannot  but  think  it  is  best,  that  some  few  should  be 
continued  in  the  service  as  artillery  men,  for  the  care  of  & 
managing  the  Guns,  I  have  Inlisted  Twelve  for  that  end, 
would  choose  to  have  it  made  up  to  Twenty.  Indeed  a 
Company  must  be  kept  if  possible  for  the  care  of  such 
matters  as  may  be  Done  Now.  I  am  fully  convinced  that 
if  the  visit  is  laid  aside  this  fall,  we  shall  have  them  very 
early  in  the  spring. 

Of  the  Indians,  I  Keep  but  a  few  here,  have  sent  them 
up  the  Rivers  a  hunting ;  should  we  have  no  attention  soon 
I  shall  not  Embody  many  as  they  will  be  very  expensive 
Soldiers.  They  are  much  Elated  at  the  news,  &  the  Notice 
taken  of  them,  and  particularly  are  much  rejoiced  at  my 
appointment,  having  told  them  it  was  occasioned  By  my 
continuation  with  them. 

The  Indigent  state  of  this  Country  occasioned  somewhat 


I 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


289 


by  the  movements  this  summer,  opens  to  view,  misery  to 
a  Great  Degree,  Particularly  tliat  of  clotliing.  Many  in 
the  service  are  in  such  a  Situation  as  gives  me  Pain  to 
command  them  to  duty.  I  have  taken  upon  me  to  Draw 
from  the  Truck  House  a  few  pieces  of  strouds  (fee,  to  Dis- 
tribute among  some  whoso  lives  are  in  Danger  to  stand 
sentry  at  Night. 

Could  there  be  a  possibility  of  procuring  a  few  pieces  of 
cloth  for  this  service  towards  their  wages,  it  would  be  a 
great  comfort  to  the  unhappy  people,  and  advantage  to 
the  service. 

Capt  A.  Green  Crabtree  (whom  I  have  now  discharged), 
During  his  cruise  of  this  &  Passamaquody,  took  one  John 
Long,  who  lives  here ;  he  had  been  taken  by  the  Enemy 
at  Passamaquody,  some  time  ago.  He  was  going  with  an 
express  to  Annapolis,  from  Cap'  Fetters  of  the  Vulture, 
when  he  was  taken,  the  Particulars  of  which,  with  his 
Examination,  I  have  Inclosed  for  the  Hon^'*-'  Boards 
Perusal. 

Since  my  Command  I  have  forbid  any  connection  with 
Passamaquoddy,  the  Inhabitants  I  have  charged  not  to 
come  here  without  they  move  their  familys  &  become 
residents  here,  otherwise  I  shall  make  them  prisoners.  A 
great  Deal  of  Mischief  is  carried  on  this  way,  &  particular 
Intelligence  are  generally  sent  to  the  Enemy,  of  the  situa- 
tion of  these  parts,  and  such  property  as  is  here  would  be 
a  great  inducement  to  many  Villains  to  attempt  the  De- 
struction of  it. 

I  cannot  neglect  this  opportunity  to  acquaint  the  Hon''''' 
Board  of  my  surprise  on  finding  myself  so  highly  Honored, 
by  being  appointed  to  the  command  in  this  District.  My 
unexperience  in  the  practical  part  of  the  service  with  other 
foibles  &  Impediments  often  occasions  fear  that  I  shall 
Loose  that  friendship  which  I  have  been  so  favoured  with 
since  my  Being  in  the  United  States. 


1    M. 


I 


uo 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


It  may  reasonably  thought  vain  &  flattery  in  me  to 
Excuse  myself  from  this  Promotion,  But  I  except  it  from 
no  other  motive  &  principle  But  Gratitude  &  Duty.  I  owe 
to  perform,  what  is  in  my  Power  for  this  Bleeding 
Country. 

The  Honor  Conferred,  with  the  Generous  Assistance, 
sent  to  Enable  to  Discharge  the  Great  Trust  &  Confidence 
reposed  in  me,  is  far  Beyond  what  I  merited  for  past 
Conduct  or  anything  I  am  able  to  Do. 

I  am  &c. 


Sir. 


Arrival  of  Col.  Lowthcr  and  Capt.  Guilman. 

Machias  November  W<-  1777. 


The  Multiplicity  of  Business  which  has  Surrounded  me, 
Since  my  appo'  to  the  Command  at  this  Place,  &  Daily 
waiting  the  arrival  of  Col"  Campbell  &  Col°  Nevers,  with 
the  Instructions  &  (the  former  only  arriving  the  15*  &  the 
Latter  not  yet)  Has  Prevented  my  Informing  the  Hon'''® 
Board  of  any  matters  this  way  Since  the  12""  Ult**  which 
Neglect  I  pray  may  be  excused. 

Not  having  received  any  particular  Instructions  from 
the  lion'''''  Board,  I  have  Endeavoured  to  Act  from  my  own 
Knowledge  what  I  thouglit  most  Benclicial. 

The  mea  have  come  in  very  slow,  &  indeed,  from  certain 
Information  that  the  Enemy  may  not  be  expected,  I  am 
Satisfied  that  no  mor'i  have  come,  &  have  wrote  Col" 
Nevers,  that  one  Hundred  Men  will  be  Sufficient  &  not  to 
recruit  more.  By  the  bad  weather,  which  we  have  severely 
Experienced,  very  little  Progress  have  been  made  in  our 
s.uall  Fortress.     I  think  By  the  Tenth  of  Next  Month  to 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


241 


Me 


Discharge  all  but  Fifty,  as  I  shall  not  be  at  any  further 
Expense  than  is  absolutely  Necessary  without  further 
orders  from  the  Hon''''-  Board. 

I  have  it  not  in  my  Power  by  this  oppor'^  to  communi- 
^  cate  Particularly  respecting  Military  Mutters  but  shall  in  a 
few  ])ays. 

The  Present  is  occasioned  by  the  arrival  of  Col  Lowther, 
Capt  Guihnan&  Some  chiefs  of  the  I'enobscot  Tribe  re- 
specting matters  on  that  river.  Jt  appears  the  Indians 
will  not  settle  any  matters  but  thro'  my  hands,  &  indeed  I 
have  promised  to  be  there  some  time  ago  but  being  ol)liged 
to  give  close  attention  here  during  the  J)ilHeulty,  which 
rendered  it  Impossible  to  give  attendance  there.  It  ap- 
pears to  me  from  what  I  can  learn  that  the  Treatment  they 
receive  on  that  river,  by  the  Trade  being  permitted  for 
every  one,  that  they  will  go  to  Canada  for  Supi)lys.  I 
wrote  the  Hon'''  Board  the  25"*  Sept  on  these  aihurs,  & 
must  again  strongly  recommend  that  the  Trade  be  entirely 
Prohibit<.'d,  only  the  Truck  Houses,  or  at  least  that  certain 
persons  be  Licensed  under  Severe  penalty^  &  restrictions. 
And  from  aco'*  I  received  it  is  highly  requisite  &  necessary 
that  a  Truck  House  with  full  supplys  should  be  kept  up 
there  as  it  would  bring  in  the  Indians  from  Canada. 

I  find  I  shall  not  have  it  in  my  power  to  keep  my  Indian 
Soldiers  in  such  liegular  order  as  1  wisb,  their  fluctuating 
Turn  of  mind  &  so  subject  to  Liquor,  that  I  admit  but  of 
few  CO  be  in  Town.  I  hud  a  conference  with  them  the 
other  Day,  upon  Settling  the  past  summers  Business. 
One  of  the  Cup"  in  Purtieidur,  rose  -&  said  that  no  Dis- 
tinction should  be  nuide  with  the  i'ay.  But  have  the 
officers  overplus  Distributed  among  the  soldiers,  their 
Honour  being  sufHcient,  by  which  I  payed  them  Ten 
Dollars  per  month  from  the  2*^  August  (TIjc  time  we  ar- 
rived here),  till  the  Latter  End  of  October,  Drawing  upon 
the  Truck  House  to  Discount  in  the  same  manner  as  with 

31 


in 


242 


Ebvolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


furs.  The  Men  who  in  actual  Service  this  Summer  about 
30  which  I  choose  to  keep  close  with  me  as  it  commands 
all  the  others  of  the  various  Tribes.  I  Promised  to  allow 
their  familys  some  Provisions  for  the  winter,  all  the  rest 
pay  for  it.  The  particulars  of  this  I  shall  mention  in  my , 
next.  I  showed  them  the  Commissions  sent,  they  are 
highly  pleased.  "We  agreed  to  have  all  the  DitF'  Tribes 
meet  at  these  villages,  choose  their  Principle  Chiefs  k 
under  Captains,  which  sliould  meet  this  fall  at  Machias, 
when  Commissions  should  be  given  them  signifying  their 
DiflF'  Ranks  &  be  entitled  to  pay  when  called  on  Duty. 
Should  the  Hon'''«  BoJird  find  any  fault,  or  know  of  any 
thing  more  proper  to  be  Done,  it  would  add  to  the  many 
obligations  I  owe^  would  they  be  kind  enough  to  com- 
municate it. 

Cap'  Crabtree  arrived  here  yesterday.  He  lias  been  to 
the  mouth  of  St  Johns  where  he  found  a  Truck  Hous^ 
Erected,  by  the  Britains  under  the  care  of  Messrs  Hazen, 
"White  &  Simonds,  he  Took  everything  of  their  property 
only.  Also  all  the  Indians  Pledges  he  has  bro't  &  De- 
livered me,  Expecting  some  payrnent.  I  cannot  say  how 
far  this  was  Legal  for  a  Privateer,  But  I  am  Extremely 
Glad  it  is  done,  and  am  sure  Crabtree  would  not  have 
Done  it,  if  he  tho't  it  not  for  the  Best,  ua  he  has  acted  here 
with  much  Honour. 

Time  not  permitting  me  to  write  more  on  Business,  but 
cannot  conclude  without  mentioning  to  the  Hon'''^  Board 
the  unhappy  Situation  of  my  unfortunate  family,  having 
heard  that  a  Carted  was  Intended,  I  proposed  writing  to 
the  Province  for  fear  it  should  Thwart  the  generous 
Intentl;  .is  of  the  lion'''"  Court.  But  hearing  no  Ace"  for 
Six  AVeeks,  I  made  bold  to  send  M'  Delesdernier  with  five 
men  in  a  Boat,  four  Indians  in  Two  Birch  Canoes.  The 
Two  Canoes  returned  a  few  Days  Ago,  Bringing  nie  Intel- 
ligence that  M"  Allan  &  children,  were  seized  &  put  in 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


243 


Close  confinement  in  the  Garrison.  This  appears  to  be 
occasioned  by  M'  Franklin  &  others  who  were  at  St  Johns, 
as  they  attribute  the  reason  of  not  penetrating  &  Desti'oy- 
ing  tliis  Eastern  part,  Because  of  my  Giving  the  Indians. 
This  frown  of  Providence  I  justly  Merit ;  tho'  Greatest 
Affliction  I  ever  Experienced,  I  must  say  was  I  not  in  the 
Situation  I  am,  I  certainly  would  penetrate  that  Province 
with  a  N'umber  of  Men  and  Endeavor  to  Treat  them  as 
they  Deserve. 

Having  received  Intelligence  that  some  Provisions, 
Vessels  and  others  are  Bound  up  tho  Bay  of  Fundie,  the 
Meresheete  will  sail  to-morrow  in  company  with  Cap' 
Crabtree  in  order  to  Intercep  ^hem  as  it  appeal's  that  no 
other  but  the  Gage  Sloop  or  Loyall  Nova  Scotia  Schooner 
will  be  their  Convoy.  I  hope  to  have  a  good  ace'  of  them, 
in  the  Meresheete.  I  shall  put  Plight  or  Ten  Men  of  the 
Troops,  which  shall  be  credited  The  Military  Department. 
I  have  Desired  Crabt  je  to  Seize  one  justice  Tuy  at  the 
mouth  of  St  John,  who  was  one  of  the  persons  tliat  Bro't 
the  Troops,  &  to  land  him  at  the  mouth  of  Cumberland 
Bay  with  a  letter  to  Col"  Gorham,  to  Dismiss  my  family, 
or  reprisals  will  be  made  if  refused. 

Permit  me  at  this  time  to  Congratulate  the  Hon'''''  Board 
on  the  success  of  tho  American  Arms,  in  the  Nortliern 
Department,  a  circumstance  which  must  redownd  to  the 
Honour  of  America.  Even  should  they  be  conquered 
after,  May  the  God  of  Armies  give  Coniluct,  Courage  & 
Resolution  to  all  our  officers  &  Soldiers,  to  enable  them  to 
convince  those  Tools  of  Despotism,  that  Americans 
Valour  &  Virtue  Springs  from  the  Divine  fDuntain.  May 
Wisdom  &  ^ustice  fioign  in  all  our  Senates,  is  the  P>uest 
Prayer  k  Wisli  of  &c. 


itel- 


in 


-tl 


m 


244 


Eevolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


Nov  W  1777. 

Since  I  wrote  the  above  I  have  had  another  Conference 
witli  the  Penobscot  Indians.  They  Produced  some  pro- 
mises in  Writing  from  the  General  Court,  some  of  which 
have  not  been  Complied  with.  All  which  I  promised 
should  be  fulfiled,  6i  convinced  them  to  their  satisfaction 
why  it  was  not  before  done. 

As  to  the  meeting  which  was  intended  before  mentionf*^!, 
it  is  referred  to  the  Spring.  I  must  again  give  it  as  my 
opinion  that  u  Truck  House  be  Supply'' .  I  understand 
there  is  great  Quantity  of  Peltry,  which  they  will  be  forced 
to  carry  to  Monsier  Lunier,  if  not  othcrways  Supplied. 
It  will  be  necessary  that  the  family  of  those  who  were  in 
the  Service  on  Penobscot  River  this  Summer  Should  have 
some  Little  provisions  During  the  Winter. 

I  have  been  obliged  to  Spare  some  Rum  from  the 
Truck  House  for  the  Soldiers  Expecting  that  some  would 
be  sent  to  them. 

I  vrould  mention  that  Nathan  Jones,  Esq.,  was  taken 
the  other  day  by  Capt  t^rabtree  &  Carried  him  to  French- 
mans  Bay  to  his  own  house.  He  was  bound  for  Passama- 
quody.  If  these  things  are  Tolerated,  the  Horrors  of  war 
v;lll  be  Endless. 

By  my  next  I  shall  trouble  the  Hon'''*-'  Board  with 
Several  Matters. 

I  hope  the  Hospitality,  Politeness  &  Generosity  which 
New  England  is  so  Distinguished  for  will  not  give  too 
mucii  Liberty  to  M'  Burg;>ynt'  k  his  army,  Give  me  leave 
to  ;uvy  that  I  know  well  the  Dissimulation,  Deceit  &  In- 
trigue! ng  Talents  of  these  Miscreants  &  Tools  of  Anti- 
Christ. 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


245 


« 


m 

■Ml 


Capture  of  a  Small  Vessel  by  the  Creiv. 

Machias  June  26"'  1778. 
Sir. 

The  multiplicity  of  business  which  has  Lately  surroundecl 
me  in  settling  matters  for  the  Insning  Season,  and  the 
Sudden  notice  of  this  opportunity  prevents  my  being 
particular  or  properly  answering  the  Diif '  matters  by  M' 
Avery. 

Shall  only  by  this  Inform  the  Hon'''''  Board  that  on 
Monday  the  22"^*  In"  one  Serg'  &  Eight  Soldiers  belonging 
to  the  Royall  Fencibles  Americans,  &  the  Loyal  1  1:^0 va 
Scotia  Volunteers  arrived  here  from  the  River  St  Johns  in 
a  Small  Schooner  belonging  to  Major  Studholm. 

The  Major  was  sending  her  with  a  Packet  to  Annapolis, 
But  the  Serg'  who  was  not  Concerned  in  the  rising  hove 
it  overboard ;  the  Serg'  is  a  Prisoner,  shall  send  him  to 
the  westward  by  1"  opp°.  The  others  have  taken  the 
oath  of  allegiance  to  the  states  &  I  Granted,  them  pass- 
ports. 

The  Bearer  M""  William  Lambart  arrived  the  Same  day 
with  his  family,  &  from  the  character  \  have  rec*  of  him 
from  several  persons,  I  believe  hiiu  to  be  of  the  Greatest 
Assistance  to  the  unhappy  Prisoners  &  other  of  America, 
he  will  be  able  to  Inform  the  Ilon''^*^  Board  of  any  news. 

C  have  just  Completed  the  Maresheete  &  Whale  Boats, 
for  a  Cruise  to  Passamaquody,  whore  all  the  Indians  ad- 
jacent are  assembling.  I  Intend  also  to  Stop  an  Inter- 
course which  is  growing  to  fast  among  the  Enemy,  so 
.shall  sail  tomorrow. 

The  Indians  I  sent  with  Copys  of  Doctor  Franklin's 
Letter  respecting  the  Treaty  are  returned,  after  Delivering 
them  to  the  Indians  to  be  forwarded  to  Canada,  &  rec'^ 
several  pledges  of  friendship,  &  yesterday  rec''  a  Letter  for 
21  Canadians  (who  arrived  at  Penobscot),  Informing  me 


1-       ^  M 


fl 


I 


-*tf  — 


'ip| 


246 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


that  the  Letter  was  near  Quebec,  &  Directed  the  Indians 
where  to  go.  They  Informed  me  that  the  people  of 
Canada  almost  Universal,  are  Determined  to  join  the 
States.  An  Excursion  up  St  Johns  river  would  be  bene- 
ficial. 

Yours,  &c. 


Interview  with  the  Indians  at  Passanmquody. 

Machias  August  9'^  1778. 
Sir. 

The  Marisheete  being  Necessarily  Detained  (tho'  very 
Disagreeable  to  me  as  it  Prolonged  the  Time  for  the 
Information  of  the  lion'''^  Board),  gives  me  an  opp"  of 
writing  further  on  Matters  respecting  this  Department. 

The  26"^  June  I  wrote  the  Hon'*'''  Board  of  my  Intending 
for  Passamaquody,  as  it  was  the  place  I  intended  to  keep 
for  the  Lidians  if  there  \ras  no  Necessity  for  them  here ; 
as  the  expense  of  the  State  would  be  much  less. 

A  short  Time  before  this.  Received  very  Particular  & 
Certain  Intelligence  from  Halifax  &  other  parts  of  Nova 
Scotia,  the  designs  of  the  Enemy  on  these  Parts  &  their' 
Determination  to  make  another  Vigorous  attempt  to  gain 
the  Indians,  Seize  myself  by  some  stratagem,  &  Destroy 
as  many  places  this  way  as  Possible.  It  was  Kept  a  Pro- 
found secret,  but  by  some  family  connections  from  their 
Connections  with  Government,  I  received  it  without  doubt 
&  kept  it  a  Secret  myself  from  every  Person. 

Accordingly  to  put  this  plan  in  Execution  the  Sloops, 
Gage  &  How,  were  prepared  &  sent  round  Cape  Sables  as 
a  convoy  with  some  Merchantman.  They  were  to  have 
a  Body  of  Light  Laud  forces  &  as  Exigences  required  to 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


247 


Consult  &  Cooperate  with  the  Ships  wtationed  up  the  Bay  & 
Buch  others  as  might  occasionally  fall  in. 

Having  duly  Considered  these. matters  &  the  Defenceless 
State  of  this  Place  in  regard  to  Troops,  I  determined  (as 
before),  to  push  for  I'assamaquody,  Collect  all  the  Indians 
together  &  raise  them  for  war.  In  consequence  of  which 
I  sailed  the  28**^  from  this  in  the  Marisheete,  having  put 
all  her  guns  on  Board,  with  Twenty  Men,  also  Capt  Smith 
with  Supplys  from  the  Truck  House,  &  Stores  as  Com- 
missary for  Indians. 

On  the  1"  July  I  arrived  at  St  Andrew's  Point,  on  the 
head  of  Passamaquody  Bay,  where  the  Indians  w  ere  then 
Encamped.  The  same  day,  to  my  Great  Joy  as  well  as 
the  Indians,  arrived  M'  Delesdernier  with  agreeable  Kews, 
that  gave  me  a  great  advantage  in  Treating  with  the  In- 
dians. I  immediately  called  a  Council  (as  they  call  it), 
Commiinicated  the  News,  Interpreted  their  Letter  from 
the  Hon'''"  Board,  Delivered  them  Strings  of  Wampum  as 
Customary  &  Every  thing  Ended  to  Mutual  Satisfaction. 
In  the  afternoon  sent  the  Maricheete  Back  to  Machias  for 
more  Stores,  hearing  that  a  Number  more  Indians  were 
near  at  hand.  Demanded  of  them  to  know  their  Disposi- 
tions &  Intentions  &  whether  they  were  willing  from 
Conscience  to  take  up  arms  &  Embody  immediately  for 
war,  they  answered  that  their  Zeal  &  affection  was  still 
the  same  for  America,  that  they  were  Zealous  &  Sanguine 
to  assist  in  Driving  the  Invaders  of  our  Country  from  the 
land. 

I  then  addressed  the  "War  Captains,  presenting  Each  a 
medal  (having  procured  several  for  the  purpose)  as  a 
Token  of  Friendship  &  for  a  Distinguished  Badge  for  their 
former  conduct,  which  they  rec*  &  were  saluted  by  all.  I 
then  addressed  them  again  presenting  Each  a  Small  sword, 
which  I  delivered  them  in  behalf  of  the  Commander  in 
chief  to  Defend  their  rights  ic  Liberty,  from  the  attempts  & 


ri;  li 


ir 


248 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


Insults  of  a  Cniel  &  Bloodthirsty  Enemy,  &  to  Secure  them 
Invjiluahle  Blessings  to  their  most  Distant  Posterity.  A 
general  acclamation  was  given  as  a  Token  of  their  Assent, 
when  another  Salute  in  a  very  Solemn  &  Aftecting  manner 
took  place.  We  had  then  some  Matters  Settled  respecting 
trade. 

After  all  was  finished,  I  ordered  the  Stores  open  for 
Trade,  the  Bountys  to  be  given,  and  a  Quantity  of  Pro- 
visions. 

On  the  Q^^  the  Marisheete  returned,  &  that  Evening  rec' 
word  that  a  Sloop  like  a  Wood  coaster,  was  oft'  the  Island. 
Sent  oft'  two  Birch  Canoes  with  Indians,  who  returned 
without  seeing  any  thing. 

On  the  7"*  I  sent  another  Canoe  Down,  to  Keep  a  look- 
out,  about  3  o'clock  p.m..  Two  of  the  Inhabitants  of 
Passamaquody  Came  up  &  bro't  Letters  from  the  Cap'  of  a 
Bermudian  Sloop,  Praying  for  my  Protection  from  the 
Small  Privateers,  that  he  had  Come  for  a  Load  of  Lumber 
&  Desired  my  advice  how  he  sliould  proceed.  I  must  freely 
acknowledge  from  the  Simplicity  which  appeared  in  the 
Letter,  &  the  behavior  of  the  Two  men,  &  the  Indian 
Canoe  returning,  I  was  so  Ci-edulous  &  believed  it  all  true, 
&  upon  the  first  reflection,  foreign  from  that  proper  guard, 
every  Soldier  should  be  upon,  in  such  Critical  Situation,  I 
intended  to  have  gone  that  way,  as  an  Excursion  was 
Proposed  by  the  Indians  in  the  ^Morning.  But  Ivind 
Providence  was  more  favorable,  &  at  the  Expense  of  the 
Captivity  of  others,  Teach  me  to  be  more  Critical  &  observ- 
ing in  these  times.  Upon  the  whole,  I  tho't  it  not  imprudent 
&.  sent  Capt.  Dyer,  Lieutenant  Delcsdcrnier  &  4  others,  inr 
the  Boat  with  Arms,  to  inspect  their  papers,  make  a 
thorough  inquiry,  &  bring  the  vessel  up.  They  went  along- 
side, tyed  their  Boat,  when  it  appeared  to  be  the  How 
Sloop  Capt.  Fanson,  having  on  board  70  men. 

The  Tide  of  flood  making  Early  in  ihe  Morning  of  the 


m 


Maine  and  N"ova  Scotia. 


249 


• 


8"*,  &  the  boat  not  Coming,  I  became  Satisfied  there  was 
some  Trap,  sent  down  a  Canoe  but  could  not  Discover  any 
Vessell.  About  10  o'clock  I  set  ofi"  myself  with  20  Indians, 
Expecting  to  meet  with  them  about  the  Islands,  soon  after 
I  met  a  boat  who  bi'o't  intelligence,  8he  went  out  early  in 
the  Morning,  &  that  one  John  Frost  of  Passamaqnody, 
was  Pilot.  I  sent  off  12  Indians  to  Take  up  all  the  Men  at 
Frost's  House,  &  returned  myself  to  St.  Andrews. 

In  the  afternoon  the  Indians  returned,  bringing  said 
Frost  &  3  others ;  was  informed  of  its  being  the  How. 
They  had  Struck  her  Topmast,  flying  jibb  Boom  <&  took 
in  every  matter  whatever  more  than  their  sails,  wliich  they 
put  on  board  a  Small  prize  Schooner ;  that  there  sole  Busi- 
ness was  for  me,  but  afraid  to  come  up  where  the 
Marisheete  lay  on  ace'  of  the  Indians. 

At  12  at  Night,  I  sett  off  &  with  a  Number  of  Indians, 
Expecting  I  might  see  somctbing  of  tHem,  as  it  was  Calm 
all  day  &  it  would  Take  some  time  to  get  the  topmost  sails 
&c,,  up.  I  went  to  the  furthest  harbour  but  found  nothing 
of  them. 

On  the  10"'  I  wrote  Major  Studholm  proposing  an 
exchange  for  some  British  officers,  &  soldiers  Taken  by 
Capt.  Rogers  in  a  Small  Privateer.  Same  day  had  a  con- 
ference with  the  Indians  &  made  Several  I'resents. 

Having  a  considerable  Quantity  of  furs  &  the  Schooner 
having  sprung  one  of  her  Masts,  I  thought  it  most  prudent 
with  the  ad\nce  of  Capt.  Smith,  to  get  her  &  the  State's 
Property  back  as  fast  as  Possible ;  I  was  determined 
myself  to  see  her  round,  as  I  was  jealous  the  Sloop  would 
be  looking  out,  I  accordingly  Took  11  Indians,  &  4  Birch 
Canoes,  &  intended  if  nothing  Else  could  be  done,  to  run 
her  on  Shore,  Defend  or  Burn  her. 

12  o'clock  at  Night  we  Sailed ;  next  day  could  not  get  out 
for  the  foggy  weather;  the  12*''  a  man  came  on  boai*d  & 
acquainted  us  that  the  Sloop  was  Cruising  off  the  Passage 

32 


250 


Eevolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


!?:^L 


wo  intended  to  go  out  at.  I  sent  canoes  for  Discovery 
wliicili  did  not  see  her;  same  day  Examined  the  Prisoners; 
liaving  several  evidences,  I  discharged  one,  Bound  Two  of 
them,  &  Frost  I  bro't  off,  &  have  him  now  a  Prisoner.  .We 
arrived  at  Machias  that  niglit. 

On  the  14"»  Ambroise  with  2  Canoes  I  sent  some  time 
ago  among  the  Micmacks,  arrived ;  had  a  conference  there- 
upon, 3  Strings  of  Wampum,  one  fi-om  tlio  Civil  Chiefs, 
one  from  the  Warriors  to  the  United  States,  and  one  for 
the  King  of  France,  Welcoming  him  into  this  countiy,  to 
be  an  ally  of  America.  They  declared  their  Zeal  and 
attachment,  but  their  Situation  was  such,  they  could  not 
act  then,  but  was  ready  when  called  upon,  to  take  up  the 
Hatchet.  Every  part  appeared  most  favorable,  as  to  their 
Peaceful  Disposition  towards  the  States. 

The  15"^  Ambroise  &  men  set  ofl'  for  Passamaquody. 
At  the  Entrance  6f  the  Harbour,  lay  the  Gage  &  Howe. 
They  fired  upon  the  canoes,  chased  them  ashore,  took  most 
of  what  the  Indians  had.  The  old  man  fled  by  himself  to 
the  woods,  no  ammunition  &  but  a  little  shott  and  Powder, 
he  sufiered  Greatly,  being  very  Infirm. 

The  21»*  three  Miemaes  as  Deputy's  arrived.  In  order  to 
Communicate  Diff"'  matters  &  to  know  for  certainty  how 
things  were  going  on  this  way,  some  other  Indians  & 
English  arrived  at  the  same  time.  I  received  certain  Intelli- 
gence of  the  Designs  of  the  Gage  &  How,  who  were  to 
Cruise  along  shore,  and  to  destroy  when  they  saw  an  app° 
offer,  tho'  their  Chief  aim  was  for  Machias.  In  consequence 
of  this  advice  I  wrote  circular  Letters  to  the  DifF'  Com- 
mittees along  shore  to  be  on  their  guard. 

By  advice  of  several  persons  (though  Determined  before 
with  myself)  I  ordered  all  the  Indians  to  repair  to  Machias, 
&  sent  Capt.  Preble  on  the  22"'^  for  the  Purpose. 

The  23*^  Two  Indians  arrived  with  Capt.  Halliburton, 
Master  of  a  Schooner  belonging  to  Nova  Scotia,  which  was 


• 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


251 


at  Pasaaiaaqnody  for  a  Load  of  IJoardH.  Tlic  Tiidiaiis  Took 
Possession  of  tho  Scliooncr  as  a  prize.  Their  behaviour  at 
tliis  matter  Deserves  apphiuse ;  behaved  with  tho  greatest 
Politeness  &  Humanity  to  the  Prisoners.  I  ordered  the 
Vessel  round,  she  arrived  the  27"'  &  is  now  hauled  up  by 
this  opp"  shall  have  her  Libelled  for  the  Captors. 

By  them  we  received  Titolliuonce  of  5  large  Vessels 
being  oil'  tho  Mouth  of  the  Harbour,  which  roused  us  a 
Little.  Same  Day  rec*  Intelligence  of  tho  Gage  &  How 
Destroying  Naskeag. 

The  30"'  had  a  Grand  Conference  with  the  St  Johns, 
Passamacpiodys,  Micmacs  &  Several  from  I'enobscot,  when 
I  acquainted  them  of  past  matters  &  Delivered  a  message 
to  the  Micmacs.  Also  a  long  letter,  tho  Treatys  Between 
tho  Stuces  &  France  which  had  been  published  &  every 
other  Matter  of  any  conse(|uence.  I  Demanded  of  them 
to  thro'  aside  that  Indolence  &  Lethargic  Spirit,  and  to 
rouse  to  bo  ready  when  called  upon,  a  general  Declaration 
was  made  by  all,  that  they  wore  ready  on  the  shortest 
Notice,  after  which  we  had  a  festival  (so  called)  &  every 
thing  concluded  to  Satisfoction. 

Aug  4"'  Cap'  Halliburton  Petitioned  tho  committee  &  my- 
self &  Backed  strongly  by  the  Indians  to  Let  him  return 
home.  His  warm  attachment  to  the  American  Interest  in 
Nova  Scotia,  the  Difficult  Situation  of  a  Large  family,  and 
many  other  Circumstances  appearing  he  was  Tolerated  to 
go  on  Parole. 

This  morning  I  roc"*  Express  from  the  St  Johns  Indians 
who  were  assembled  to  tho  Number  of  25  familys  &  Daily 
comin2:  in  aefreeable  to  a  Previous  Command  of  mine 
some  time  ago  for  them  to  Quit  Connections  with  Britain. 
They  sent  word  they  were  ready  for  action,  that  they  had 
Seized  a  Sloop  from  Halifax,  took  out  several  things  such 
as  ammunition  &  some  clothing,  dismissed  her  &  ordered 
that  no  more  of  the  Kings  Vessels   must  come  up  the 


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26J 


Revolutionary  Operattons  in  Eastern 


River.  They  desired  to  know  what  they  were  further  to  do. 
Would  be  glad  that  the  Fort  might  be  attacked  as  it  was 
now  very  weak,  also  that  another  Message  had  come  from 
the  Micmacs,  &  those  on  the  head  of  St  Johns  &  confines 
of  Canada,  were  all  ready  to  assemble  when  ordered. 

This  is  in  general  respecting  the  Indians,  Should  any 
Enterprise  be  set  upon  either  to  Canada  or  ]!^ova  Scotia  & 
they  be  Wanting,  I  should  be  glad  of  Timely  notice. 

I  have  not  been  so  Sanguin  about  pushing  into  Nova 
Scotia  as  now,  &  I  am  very  clear  from  the  Situation  of 
matters  in  that  country,  that  200  Good  Smart  Troops 
under  proper  Discipline  Avith  the  Indians  would  be  of 
Infinate  service  to  Penetrate  Previous  to  an  Expedition 
should  one  be  intended.  Had  I  but  40  men  to  spare,  with 
the  Indians  I  should  be  presumptive  enough  to  make  a 
Tryel  on  the  Fort  at  St  Johns. 

It  is  a  great  pity  preparations  was  not  made  in  the 
Spring  to  have  Troops  Stationed  here  to  act  as  Exegencys 
might  require ;  it  would  have  been  of  the  utmost  advantage 
in  subduing  places  &  bringing  all  to  obedience ;  would 
prevent  these  heavy  &  Immediate  charges  which  so  often 
arrises  when  Necessity  obliges  us  to  act  Suddenly. 

The  small  encouragement  Given  by  the  Hon^"*  Board, 
men  cannot  be  raised,  we  are  full  in  the  Artillery  men  but 
the  other  not  one  Quarter.  The  former  I  should  not  have 
got  had  I  not  given  some  more  Encouragement  myself  in 
Procuring  clothing,  &c. 

I  sincerely  wish  that  it  was  in  my  Power  to  acquaint 
the  llon'^''^  Board  that  the  Fort  at  the  Rhym  was  forwards. 
The  want  of  utencils  is  such  that  no  work  can  be  carryed 
on.     I  shall  Try  to  do  something  next  week. 

I  would  further  mention  that  the  Indians  are  prodigiously 
roused  thro'  every  Tribe.  War  seems  to  be  the  Cry  from 
all  Quarters.  If  supplys  Do  not  get  along,  I  Expect  to  be 
very  much  handled,  for  I  am  asured  a  very  great  number 


f 


i  til 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


253 


will  be  thia  way,  if  service  could  be  gone  upon  it  would  be 
worth  wliilo  to  have  it  soon,  for  they  will  be  of  much  use 
now,  while  their  minds  are  prepared. 

The  How  &  Gage  is  still  Cruising,  the  Albany  Lays  at 
St.  Johns,  the  Scariboro'  at  Anapolis,  4  or  5  small  cutters 
Cruising  in  the  Bay.  I  am  of  opinion  that  they  will  make 
some  Desperate  attack  somewhere  on  the  Coast. 

I  have  14  Men  which  Came  from  St.  Johns,  &  should 
have  several  more,  but  they  have  gone  to  the  Westward. 
In  the  Marisheete  goes  some  of  the  Portsmouth's  men  who 
fled  from  the  How  Sloop.  2  frenchmen  belonging  to  the 
Ship  from  France,  Drove  on  Cape  Sable  last  Spring,  & 
several  others  who  fled  from  Halifax. 

I  sincerely  congratulate  the  Hon'''®  Board  on  the  Great 
&  Important  Negociations  at  the  Court  of  France,  the 
Victory  gained  by  our  illustrious  General  &  the  arrival  of 
Count  D'Estang.  May  it  all  Terminate  in  a  final  &  solid 
Peace  thro'  the  Continent. 


Sir 


Orders  Given  to  Indians. 

Machias,  Awf^  17,  1778. 


I  wrote  some  days  ago  by  the  Schooner  Marisheete, 
Inclosing  several  papers.  Soon  after  her  departure  I  rec* 
Intelligence  of  a  large  armed  Sloop  going  to  the  Westward 
Close  in  Shore  the  day  before  the  Marisheete  Sailed, 
which  makes  me  very  suspicious  She  might  have  fell  into 
their  hands,  for  fear  of  which  &  considering  the  circum- 
stances of  this  Department  for  want  of  supplies,  I  send 
this  by  Express  Via  Penobscot  by  land.  Inclosing  Copys  of 
my  Letters  by  the  Marisheete.  I  mast  press  the  Hon'''" 
Board  with  every  argument  that  they  will  order  the  Sup- 


\im 


ih->'^ 


■1    '  h    i 


254 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


ply  pr  Mem°  with  the  addition  of  500"'"  Powder  &  GOO^''^ 
Shot. 

I  find  upon  examination  my  Calculation  for  provisions 
something  of  a  Mistake,  there  will  be  wanted  12J  pr  C  of 
Provisions  more  than  there  is  therein  mentioned. 

In  my  Letter  of  the  9"^  I  acquainted  the  Hon^"'  Board 
of  Some  Indians  from  St.  Johns  &  of  the  assembling  of 
these  on  the  River.  I  have  had  another  ace''  &  their  Deter- 
mination of  Doing  something  one  side  or  other,  as  they 
say  the  Americans  as  well  as  Britains  are  taking  every  step 
to  make  money  to  themselves.  Accordingly  I  dispatched 
Capt.  Ilavvwawas  to  take  the  Command.  II  j  is  in  the  first 
place,  to  send  a  Peremptory  order  to  leave  the  River  (as 
'^  the  Inclosed)  as  also  to  send  back  the  Colours  which 
were  sent  Last  Summer,  to  the  Indians  from  Major  Stud- 
holm,  now  in  Possession  of  Pier  Tomma.  As  they  were 
bent  upon  something  I  tho't  best  to  Lay  my  Commands 
in  respect  to  their  Conduct.  I  ordered  them  not  to  interfere 
with  any  of  the  Inhabitants  whatever,  except  a  French 
Acadian,  who  had  Taken  a  Commission  from  Mr.  Frank- 
line  whom  they  were  to  bring  Prisoner. 

They  aio  to  Destroy  Cattle  &c.,  round  the  fort  which 
are  for  the  use  of  the  Troops,  Take  Prisoners  &  Encourage 
Desertion,  several  Letters  were  sent  from  Deserters  here  to 
their  comrades  at  the  Fort.  I  laid  strict  Injunctions 
respecting  their  Behaviour  to  the  people,  from  their  pro- 
mise as  well  as  what  I  have  generally  Exj^erienced  among 
them,  they  will  behave  as  well  as  any  Troops  in  Point  of 
Humanity. 

I  am  rather  forward  myself  in  this,  being  anxious  to  have 
something  Doing  for  the  great  expense  we  are  at  with 
them,  &  such  Excursions  are  very  pleasing  to  them  &  pre- 
vents much  Trouble.  I  earnestly  &  sincerely  wish  I  had  a 
hundi-ed  or  two  good  troops  at  this  Juncture,  to  go  in 
Boats  along  shore,   to  act  in  concert  with   the  Indians. 


w 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


255 


The  Diff*  Avenues  by  land  to  the  County  of  Cumberland, 
could  be  easily  secui'ed,  which  would  Keep  that  Province 
in  such  a  flutter  &  Terror  as  to  be  Able  Easy  to  reduce  it, 
&  not  to  Molest  the  Inhabitants  and  would  make  an  amaz- 
ing odds  in  regard  to  the  Expenses  of  the  Indians.  I  am 
Extremely  Sorry  Privateers  are  so  Encouraged  this  way. 
Their  horrid  Crimes  is  too  l!^otoriou8  to  pass  unnoticed. 
Both  the  Subjects  of  the  United  States  as  well  as  the 
Brittain  feels  the  Effects  of  their  voracious  Dispositions. 
But  the  depradutions  Committed  on  the  Coast  of  Nova 
Scotia  is  cruel,  Robing  the  very  people  who  every  day  are 
Secreting  &  spiriting  the  unhappy  Prisoners  subjects  of  the 
States  in  giting  to  the  Continent,  others  go  with  an  Excuse 
to  rob  certain  Tories  &  to  take  revenge  for  Private  Injury, 
by  which  Conduct,  the  poor  unhappy  Families  there  are  Ex- 
posed to  all  the  Malicious  &  Lew'd  behaviour  of  Soldiers, 
Ilawled  out  of  their  Beds  in  the  Night  to  search  for  peo- 
ple. It  is  possible  I  may  feel  more  resentment  in  this  than 
others  when  I  consider  of  my  wife  &  children  being 
Dragcd  from  their  beds  Last  Summer,  &  carryed  to  the 
Fort  with  a  Party,  Supposing  those  that  were  there  went 
from  me,  when  at  the  same  Time  I  never  sent  a  person, 
nor  Letter  to  any  body  whatever,  in  that  paj't  of  tlie 
Country  During  the  whole  of  my  residence  here.  But  what 
I  sent  to  Public  Authority  for  my  family  for  fear  of  these 
Difliculty's.  Herein  it  may  be  perceived  that  the  Innocent 
suflers  with  the  Guilty. 

These  persons  that  go  there  seem  to  Defy -all  authority, 
they  have  generally  made  some  friend  or  other  to  the 
Westward,  some  has  Licences,  others  have  letters  of 
recommendation,  or  some  other  matter  from  some  persons 
that  are  Indulged  by  Authority.  Otlicrs  gets  old  com- 
missions Altered,  &  such  Parties  rising  that  people  are 
afraid  saying  any  thing  about  them,  they  all  keep  away 
from  this  place.      Capt  West  in  Two  Whale  Boats  has 


^ ,  ■  li 


§^,^trfmm 


tr 


;'i 


256 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


just  Returned  from  a  cruize  up  Mcnas  Basin.  What 
he  has  done  is  uncertain ;  from  their  Conduct  &  behaviour 
it  is  generally  supposed  they  have  been  burning  and  De- 
stroying ^Property.  However  it  has  occasioned  much 
Trouble  &  Confusion,  &  such  proceeding  the  TTonWe  Board 
may  Depend  upon,  will  occasion  more  Torys  than  100 
Such  Expeditions  Will  make  good.  By  what  I  can  learn 
he  has  Taken  some  vessels,  all  which  he  Denies  to  me. 
Capt  West  bro't  me  his  Commission ;  I  must  Confess  I 
was  astonished  to  think  any  person  Living  under  the  Pro- 
tection of  the  Laws  of  the  States  should  put  such  an 
Lidignity  upon  the  Resolves  of  Congress.  The  Commis- 
sion Avas  Issued  in  1775  before  Independence  was  Declared, 
for  the  Schooner  Congress.  They  have  erased  out  Colonies 
and  put  in  States,  the  Certificate  of  the  Secretary  Scratched 
on  in  many  places.  I  told  Capt  West  of  the  Deception. 
But  he  asserted  it  came  in  that  manner  from  the  Secretary; 
the  asserting  such  a  thing  in  my  presence,  occasions  my 
writing  so  particular,  as  it  Surely  effects  the  character  of 
^Mr.  Avery  in  his  Public  Capacity.  Capt  West  has 
Signified  much  fear  to  several  persons  least  I  should  take 
him  (which  I  had  not  the  least  tho't  of  Doing) ;  he  pro- 
mised to  call  for  my  letters,  but  I  understand  he  has  set  ofi:' 
for  the  Westward.  The  selling  of  Ruin  to  Indians  Prevails 
greatly  &  by  the  Degeneracj^  of  the  People  there  is  no 
bringing  persons  to  account.  Tw  Actions  have  already 
been  set  aside  at  Pownalboro'  Court,  for  what  reasons  I 
cannot  say;  I  sent  word  to  the  Gentlemen  Acting  as 
States  Attorney,  time  not  permitting  my  Taking  Suitable 
steps  myself.  I  am  at  a  loss  what  to  do  in  regard  to  put- 
ting the  Law  in  Execution.  I  have  only  to  mention,  that 
this  Conduct  of  people,  has  Destroyed  (&  will  more)  100 
Pr  Ct  of  the  States  Interest. 

I  have  the  Honor  &c 


'Jolin  Avery,  Jr.,  secretary  of  the  provincial  congress  of  Massacliusetts. 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


257 


Indian  Operations. 


Macuias  Nommhcr  IZ"^  1778. 


ig  as 

liable 

put- 

tliat 

I)  100 


hsetts. 


Sir 


I  wrote  yov.  the  2""^  Iii.-*t,  Since  wliicli  I  rcc*^  an  answer 
from  Piero  Toninia  at  ot  JohnvS  River,  which  appears 
Deceitful  and  flattering,  it  being  not  of  much  consequence 
I  sliall  not  Trouble  the  IIou^'"  Board  with  it  for  the 
present. 

I  mentioned  in  my  former  Letters  of  ordering  Lieut 
Guilman  from  Penobscot  with  Six  or  Eight  Indians,  to  fall 
in  about  Medocktic  (140  Miles  from  the  mouth  of  the 
River)  sent  some  more  Lower  Down  the  River  Spreading 
Intelligence  at  other  Parts.  By  this  maneuvrc  Expected 
to  Divert  the  Indians  &  others  on  the  River,  to  prevent 
any  Solid  matter  being  done  l)y  the  Priest  or  M'  Franklin. 
This  matter  Took  the  Desired  effect,  and  in  the  middle  of 
their  Pursuit  with  the  Indians,  they  I'eceived  the  Intelli- 
gence &  in  24  Hours  both  oii"  them  Left  the  River,  Promis- 
ing to  return  again  soon.  By  this  Time  the  Indians  in 
the  Lakes  got  on  the  move,  &  having  heard  of  the  retreat 
of  these  Two  Gentlemen  with  some  other  affairs  which 
Intervened  they  Took  a  Turn  this  way,  whore  I  am  now 
overloaded  with  them  on  Account  of  the  Indigent  Situa- 
tion of  this  place.  Add  to  this  the  Indians  at  Penobscot 
hearing  of  my  orders  to  M""  Guilman  they  in  a  manner  all 
turned  out;  he  disputed  this  manner.  But  upon  the 
whole  Sixteen  Insisted  on  going;  they  have  executed  the 
business  very  well  &  returned  here  the  other  day.  But 
their  demands  and  Claims  are  intolerable,  &  the  I^ecessity 
I  am  under  to  procure  matters  at  a  most  Exorbitant  price 
makes  it  very  expensive.  Those  Indians  which  have  Taken 
the  oath  of  Allegiance  on  the  river  St  Johns,  I  have  ]N'ei- 
tlier  heard  from  or  Seen  any  But  Piere  Tomma.  A  small 
Tender  from  the  Albany  is  Continually  Cruizing  about 

33 


w^^ 


I'. ) 


I.    ,( 


!i 


,  I        i 


ii 


258 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


Passamaqnody  &  Intercepting^  every  thing  doing  for  the 
States.  Ambroi.se '  had  his  Canoe  taken  away  the  other 
Day,  with  a  Number  of  things,  among  the  rest  some  ex- 
presses and  belts  of  Wampum,  I  was  sendiifto  St  Johns 
and  the  Miemacs. 

A  few  days  ago  I  rec**  a  Letter  from  Col°  Lowder, 
respecting  some  Difficulty  among  the  Indians,  about  send- 
ing to  Boston,  Instigated  by  some  English  Persons.  I  am 
not  much  surprised  at  these  affairs,  as  the  I*rofit,  arising 
from  the  Trade  of  the  Indians  will  occasion  Perpetual 
Quarrels  and  jars,  till  such  time  as  Government  fixes  it 
upon  so  Permanent  a  footing  as  to  hold  the  whole  Trade. 
I  find  from  the  Indians  Present,  and  the  word  sent  by  the 
others  at  Penobscot,  that  they  liad  chosen  Old  Orano^  & 
Frnneh  Mitchell  to  go  to  Court  Both  (the  former  in  parti- 
cular) very  suitable. 

I  sQnt  word  when  the  Mei'isheete  was  going  up,  that  as 
they  desired  and  were  Determined  to  pay  a  Compliment 
themselves  to  Government,  it  would  be  suitable  then,  as 
others  were  going  upon  the  same  business.  Preparations 
were  making,  which  would  prevent  many  Unnecessary 
Expenses  otherwise,  &  ordered  the  Merisheete  to  call 
accordingly.  But  Capt  Preble  I  presume,  hearing  of  some 
being  gone  before,  proceeded  without  calling. 

I  am  very  well  Convinced  that  some  Schemes  are  Lay- 
ing by  different  Parties.  I  recommend  to  the  Court  with 
Humble  Submission,  to  be  very  Cautious,  there  are  some 
Indians  gone,  who  are  marked  out  by  Every  Tribe  to  be 
warmly  attached  to  Britain,  &  have  made  a  Point  for  many 
years  to  Create  Divisions,  so  that  there  is  not  one  Tribe  in 
my  District  will  admit  them  in  Council.  Lewis  Neptune 
is  the  Principal  man  who  was  formerly  of  Passamaqnody 


1  Ambroise,  an  Indian  chief. 

'  Tlie  principal  cliief ;  a  wortliy  and  reliable  man. 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


259 


&  is  not  now  allowed  at  Penobscot.  By  some  Craft  a  few 
weeks  ago  lie  Took  from  Francis  Joseph  (son  to  the  Late 
Chief  of  Passamaquody)  the  Familys  medal,  which  I  pre- 
sume among  strangers  he  calls  his.  However  Let  him  do 
what  he  will,  it  will  not  be  ratified  by  the  other  Indians. 

The  Intricate  Situation  of  Penol)scot  is  such  that  I  am 
Discouraged  about  it.  I  shall  be  up  soon  &  Communicate 
the  State  of  that  Place  a  Little  more  to  fullfil  my  Promise 
to  the  Indians ;  when  .1  will  be  glad  to  get  clear  of  it,  aa 
there  seems  to  be  a  Determination  among  all  in  General 
to  frustrate  any  good  Intentions  of  Government. 

I  have  the  Honor  &c. 


& 


British  Efforts  to  obtain  the  Indians. 

Machias  May  W^  1779. 
Dear  General 

I  have  the  Honor  to  acquaint  you  of  my  safe  arrival  at 
this  place  this  day  about  Two  o'clock,  where  I  found  every 
matter  in  as  good  condition  as  could  be  Expected. 

The  Gentlemen  whom  I  Left,  have  discharged  their 
duty  with  Honor,  &  kept  the  Indians  together,  N^otwith- 
standiug  the  Vigorous  Stops  pursued  by  the  Britains. 
Tomorrow  I  shall  dispatch  off  lutclligcuce  among  the 
Indians  &  Expect  soon  to  have  a  Multitude  about  me. 
But  Notwithstanding  all  this  I  have  every  reason  to  expect 
the  greatest  Difficulvy,  &  if  some  immediate  assistance  is 
not  given,  all  that  has  been  done  will  be  fruitless.  The 
Backwardness  &  Delays  in  furnishing  supplies  for  such  a 
department  as  this,  makes  -^vrry  matter  that  is  attempted 
appear  uncertain  and  what  I  would  be  willingly  doing, 
both  for  my  own  Honor  &  reputation,  as  well  as  the  ad- 


260 


Revolutionary  Opkrations  in  Eastern 


vantage  <fe  Interest  of  our  gi'cat  cause  &  countiy  is  pre- 
vented, by  a  Somcthin.fl  I  cannot  conceive. 

You  will  see  hy  the  Inclosed  Intclligoice  received  from 
renol)8cott,  the  Plan  Laying  by  our  cruel  &  Bloody 
Enemy.  It  is  probable  it  may  be  nothing  but  a  finesse  of 
theirs,  but  certain  it  is,  that  the  Express  &c  arri^'od  here  & 
the  Indians  of  this  Department  in  the  greatest  flutter. 
Add  to  this  the  hideous  &  melancholy  countenances  on  the 
poor  Inhabitants  who  appear  to  have  no  alternative  to 
choose. 

I  do  not  think  the  Enemy  has  any  Great  Expectation 
from  such  an  attempt,  only  to  ruin  &  Destroy  the  poor 
people  of  these  Infant  Settlements,  to  Glutt  their  revenge 
&  malice.  These  Employ'd  are  Desperadoes,  But  few 
Indians  among  them.  But  like  the  Band  of  rnflins  on  the 
Susquehanah  (the  whites  are  far  beyond  the  savages  when 
they  Take  upon  them  the  Character)  Destroying  all  Indis- 
criminately. I  Trust  Guod  Sir  that  your  Endeavours  will 
not  be  wanting  to  urge  the  consequence  of  these  matters 
to  our  Civil  Rulers.  I  have  also  Inclosed  to  you,  Intelli- 
gence received  from  I^ova  Scotia ;  the  person  I  sent  is  a 
Trusty  good  man.  Upon  conversing  Avith  hiin  I  And  it  is 
uncertain  what  the  Enemy  intends  doing,  only  that  htey 
are  Securing  every  avenue,  &  fortifying  every  N'ecessary 
Post  towards  Canada  by  St  Johns,  so  that  a  Constant 
Communication  is  now  keep'd  up.  I  must  request  of  you 
to  Transmit  to  his  Excellency  the  General  "Washington 
these  matters,  with  my  respectfull  &  DutifuU  Compliments. 
Time  will  not  admit  of  my  writing  to  him  so  fully  as  I 
could  wish,  as  I  send  this  by  Express  on  hearing  the  Pe- 
nobscut  news,  which  I  thought  best  not  to  delay.  I  intend 
the  Schooner  I^eashquo'woit  ^  shall  Sail  in  the  Course  of 
next  week  when  I  will  Transmit  the  State  of  this  Depart- 


A  privateer  named  for  an  Indian  chief. 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


2G1 


ment,   with   such  other  matters  that  I  have  no  time  at 

present.      In  the  nionnwhile    rest  assured  I  sluill  Exert 

every  nerve  &  use  every  means  in  my  power,  in  Kxecuting 

the  business  Intrusted  to  me.     And  am  witii,  Ae, 

J.  Allan. 
The  IIon'''«  Major  General  Heath. 


you 


llcport  of  a  Spy  to  J.  Allan, 
Sir 

Agreeable  to  your  Directions  I  left  Machias  the  18*'» 
Peh>  last  &  proceeded  to  Cumhcrland  in  Nova  Scotia, 
where  I  arrived  tlie  13"'  of  March  following  where  I  Im- 
mediately Distribut(!d  Count  D"  Kstaiigs  I'rochimations  & 
Monsieur  Ilolkens  Letters  to  the  Indians,  among  the 
Inhabitants,  both  French  &  English.  I  then  made  En- 
quiry respecting  the  Military  Force  in  that  I'rovince,  and 
th.e  most  authentic  Ace"  that  could  be  obtained  the  fcllow- 
iug  is  a  State  of  the  Whole.     Viz'. 

In  Halifax  commanded  by  General  McClain,...  3,000 
In  Garrison  at  Fort  Cumberland  do  by  Lieut 

Col"   Gorham, 120 

'^t  Windsor  Emigrants  do  by  Cap'  McDonald,       100 

..\.t  Cornwallis  do  do  by  Cap'  Campbell, 50 

At  Annapolis  do  do  by, 100 

At  St  Johns  Kivcr  do  do  by  Major  Studholm,..       120 

Total, 3,490 

The  Garrison  at  Cumberland  is  to  be  soon  relieved  by  a 
party  of  a  new  Raised  Regiment  call'd  the  Orrange  Ran- 
gers commanded  by  Lieut  Col  Byard. 

About  the  Latter  End  of  March  last,  the  Harbour  of 
Halifax  was  left  with  only  one  Frigate  to  Guard  it,  no 
news  of  the  arrival  of  any  more  Naval  Force  as  yet.     The 


'  ■'«;,! 


!i:l 


m 


~tT~i 


m' 


262 


Revolutionary  Opeuations  in  Eastijrn 


Troops  in  General  arc  well  supply'^.  The  Garrison  at 
Cumberland  is  made  very  strong,  mounting  about  24 
Pieces  of  Cannon,  9-G  &  4  I'ounders.  All  f^  -i  Fortresses 
in  the  Province  (Except  AnnapoliH)  is  made  ery  strong, 
for  what  End  or  Design  I  cannot  learn.  The  Accadians 
are  almost  to  a  man  unanimous,  warmly  Attached  to  the 
American  cause,  &  on  Receiving  Count  D'Estang's  Procla- 
mations &  your  Letters,  in  my  presence.  Burnt  the 
Certificates  which  they  had  from  the  British  Government. 
The  Indians  wlien  in  Company  with  Americans  are  very 
Zealous  for  the  Cause,  ])ut  are  constantly  in  the  Garrisons 
&  receiving  veiy  great  supplies  from  the  Enemy,  who 
seems  to  be  under  no  apprehension  that  the  Indians  will 
hurt  tliem.  Superintendent  Franklin  &  Bailey,  the  Priest 
is  gone  along  the  Eastern  Coast,  a  Chappel  is  Erected  at 
Miramichi,  verry  large  supplies  Laid  in  there  &  Chaleur 
Bay.  The  Indians  to  Receive  payments  for  sill  Damages 
Sustained  by  them,  the  warr  &  otherwise.  The  Stocks  of 
Cattle  are  either  more  than  they  were  in  the  beginning  of 
the  war  &  all  other  supplies  of  Produce  Plenty,  There'is 
large  supplies  of  English  Goods  in  General,  thro'  the 
Province,  Great  Quantities  of  Provisions  and  other  sup- 
plies Daily  Expected  from  Britain  &  Ireland.  Col°  John- 
son was  in  Halifax  the  beginning  of  the  Winter  with  a 
Number  of  the  Mohawk  Indians  on  some  Important 
Business  but  could  not  learn  what  it  was.  The  civil 
Courts  of  Justice  are  conducted  in  a  very  Arbitrary  manner, 
&  none  but  a  few  who  are  very  Zealous  for  that  Govern- 
ment, can  have  any  chance  for  record  against  them  in  a 
very  unjust  manner,  by  which  themselves  &  Families  are 
Ruined. 

Yours  &c., 

John  Starr. 
Maciiias,  18'^  May  1779. 

To  Col°  John  Allan  Com«  officer,  at  Machias. 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


268 


Capt.  Preble's  lieport. 

Iiitclligenco  Received  from  the  Kiver  Penobscot  byCapt 
John  Preble  in  the  Service  of  tlie  United  States  of  Ame- 
rica who  was  sent  express  by  order  of  the  Continental 
Agent  k  has  been  Particularly  Examinnd  into  by 

John  Alf-an 

Continental  Agent  &  Com'  in  Chief  of  \\n\.  in  Eas'  Dopt. 

Maciiias  May  18"'  1779 

April  30'*  1779 

John  Neptune '  &  Orono  came  into  Prcbblcs  at  Penob- 
scutt  Falls  by  Express  sent  by  John  Marsh  from  John 
Prebble,  and  was  Informed  that  a  Message  with  "VVampnm 
was  sent  from  Captain  Smith  at  Machias  Deputy  Superin- 
tendent, to  acquaint  the  whole  Tribe  that  Col"  Allan 
requested  their  Assembling  at  Machias  the  25'*»  May  to 
Eeceive  the  Priest  &c.  &  to  bring  their  i'eltry  with  them. 
Then  John  Neptune  Presents  three  small  strings  Wam- 
pum and  says  (holding  the  first  String)  These  are  sent  our 
Tribe  from  Canada  by  Two  Young  men  about  three  weeks 
ago. 

"  1"'  String,  "We  sent  you  this  to  open  your  Eyes. 

2"^'  String,  Tliat  you  may  see  a  great  way. 

3''  String,  That  your  Ears  may  bo  opened  to  hear,  &  fix 
your  Heai'ts,  that  you  may  have  a  Right  understanding  to 
what  I  am  going  to  tell  you." 

Then  Presenting  a  Large  Bolt  of  Wampum,  1500  White ; 


'  Neptune  was  for  a  long  period  the  principal  chief  of  the  Penobscots ; 
he  always  was  friendly  to  our  cause,  and  during  his  long  life  was 
respected  by  both  Indian"  and  whites.  lie  died  in  the  summer  of  I8G0, 
aged  over  one  hundred  years;  he  was  undoubtedly  the  last  survivor  of 
all  Avho  were  in  any  way  connected  with  the  revolution  in  that  part  of 
the  country. 


* 

\ 


\ 


\ez*^ 


204 


Kevolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


saia  this  Likowiac  was  sent  us  from  Canada  with  this  Mes- 
sage : 

"  Brothers  Don't  have  any  Connections  with  the  Ame- 
ricans. Remove  yourselves  off  from  them  &  not  keep 
with  them,  for  Powder  &  Balls  has  no  Eespect  to  Persons 
for  if  we  should  find  one  of  our  Brothers  Dead  it  would 
make  us  sorry  &  Angry.  The  Americaiis  have  no  know- 
ledge of  what  they  are  about  in  Fighting  the  Great  King 
of  England  but  now  the  King  is  in  Earnest  k  Determined 
to  whip  them  severely,  we  send  you  this  Great  Belt  of 
Wampum  for  every  one  of  you  to  see  and  think  of,  and  lo 
show  it  to  the  St  Johns  &  Micmacs,  k  to  let  them  know 
what  we  say  &  return  the  Belt  Back  to  us  Immediately. 
The  Indians  are  coming  across  the  Woods  as  soon  as  the 
Leaves  are  as  big  as  our  ^ails,  and  we  are  Determined  to 
Destroy  the  white  People  —  300  on  the  River  Penobscut, 
300  upon  Norridgwalk  River  &  300  upon  Cohos.  There 
is  300  Barrels  Flour  at  Soccocon  for  the  Support  of  the 
Indians  who  are  coming  across  the  Countiy.  Brothers  of 
Penobscot  we  have  Provisions  Enough  in  Canada  to  last 
30  Years  if  the  War  should  last  so  long,  Don't  think  this 
Belt  of  Wampum  is  sent  for  nothing,  Don't  make  a  Laugh 
&  scorn  of  it,  it  is  the  Truth  we  send  you  &  you  may  De- 
pend upon  it.  Brothers,  there  is  now  at  &  near  Canada 
9000  Indians  ready  to  Execute  any  orders  they  may  receive 
from  the  British  General  in  Canada.  Brothers  the  Indians 
were  so  i-ejoiced  to  get  their  Wampum  Carried  to  your 
Tribe,  that  they  Danced  &  Drank  three  Days  &  Nights  & 
Liquor  was  given  them  as  free  as  water." 

John  Preble. 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


266 


Beport  of  the  Troubles  Occasioned  by  the  British  Operations  at 

Penobscot. 


Sir 


Maciiias,  July  W  1779. 


My  last  to  you  -Vvas  the  3^  Instant  from  Passamaquody 
Via  Penobscot,  by  the  Rev"^  Mon's  Do  La  Motte,  who  I 
sent  among  the  Indians  on  that  River,  Acquainting  the 
jjQjjbie  Board  of  delivering  a  War  Belt  of  Wampum  to  the 
said  Indians.  The  day  After  Twenty  Canoes  with  Families, 
arrived  from  St.  Johns  &  Eight  from  the  Passamaquody 
Lakes,  by  which  N'inety  Canoes  together,  as  soon  as  I  had 
concluded  every  necessary  with  them,  k  my  being  wanted 
at  Machias,  I  returned  There  the  S"*  to  forward  business 
and  take  other  measures  for  future.  I  Brought  with  me 
four  Micmack  Indians,  having  a  Conference  I  found  that 
they  wfire  on  Speculations  to  See  how  matters  was  Going, 
&  that  if  Agreeable  to  them,  were  ready  to  take  up  the 
Hatchet,  it  was  concluded  That  two  of  them  should  be 
sent  oiF  to  the  Tribes  from  Chalem  to  Chignecto,  who  were 
their  Constituents,  the  others  Two  Continue  till  a  Return, 
&  Incline  to  goto  Penobscot.  Mr.  Frankline  &  Bale}''  the 
Priest,  being  Expected  at  St.  Johns  &  Maj"  Studholm 
giving  great  presents.  Engaged  Twenty-Five  Families  to 
Continue  on  the  River.  The  rest  are  all  ready  to  march, 
when  Ordered  and  something  to  leave  with  their  ftxmilies. 
The  account  I  Receiv''  from  Penobscot  By  the  Spies,  I  seat 
are  that  the  Enemy  we^e  not  more  than  five  hundred 
Strong,  one  Thirty-two  Guns  Frigate,  one  Twenty,  &  two 
sixteen,  with  Smaller  ones,  that  only  six  pieces  of  cannon 
were  loaded,  and  appeared  to  Be  in  utmost  Consternation 
for  fear  of  an  Attack,  were  much  deceived  &  disappointed 
in  the  promises  &  Expectations  from  the  Tories.     Most  of 


>  Rev.  Jacob  Bailey,  who  went  from  Kennebec  a  tory. 
34 


-:"A'c:i 


266 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


Wi 


the  Inhabitants  had  submitted  &  taken  the  Oath  of  Alle- 
gicncc,  But  according  to  Custom,  Experienced  the  Advan- 
tages of  having  British  Troops  in  Committing  some  of  the 
Most  Horrid  Crimes  among  them,  These  are  rather  more  to 
be  pitied  than  Many  more  Eastvt^ard,  who  has  gone  a  distance 
to  acknowledge  themselves  Subjects.     At  Union  Eiver, 
Naskeig,  &  Deer  Island,   most  if   not  all  the  principle 
people,  &  two  or  three  from  Frenchman's  Bay,  &  Goldsbo- 
rough,  have  taken  the  oath.     But  from  the  proclamations 
Issued  &  the  .Vigilant  Conduct  of  Lieut.  Col"  Campbell, 
Aided  to  the  Good  Spirit  of  the  people  at  Mount  Desert, 
Frenchman's  Bay,  J^"arraguagus,  Pleasant  River  &  Machias, 
a  determination  has  taken  place  to  oppose  &  defend  the 
country  to  the  Last,  and  tho'  it  is  Lamentable  &  Deplorable 
to  a  degree  in  the  want  of  provisions  &  other  necessaries,  I 
trust  under  the  smiles  of  a  Kind  Providence  shall  pre- 
vent their  penetrating  further.     I  cannot  But  Take   the 
Liberty  to  Express  myself,  with  what  mortification  &  Deep 
sorrow  I  am  under.  That  the  Situation  of  this  Department 
is  Such,  no  certain  Intelligence  or  Instructions  what  I  am 
to  do  or  what  movements  are  making  to  the  "Westward, 
that  I  might  be  able  to  do  some  Service  at  this  Critical 
Juncture,   not  Above   Two  pounds  of  Bread  Kind  per 
Week  to  each  for  three  weeks  past,  am  obliged  to  Borrow 
&  Beg  from  every  Denomination,  when  Expresses  or  other 
necessary  business  is  to  be  done.     Had  the  Supplies  &c., 
Recommended,  been  laid  in,  in  the  Spring,  This  attempt 
would  not  have  Been  made  By  the  Enemy,  for  tho'  their 
plans  has  been  in  Agitation  for  some  time,  they  lay'd  aside 
its  Execution,  till  they  saw  what  was  granted  by  Court,  as 
their  Strength  was  not  Equivalent  other  ways,  this  I  have 
from  Undoubted  Authority  in  Wova  Scotia.     I  now  beg 
leave  further  to  mention  That  by  what  I  can  Learn,  the 
Intentions  of  the  British  Government  is,  that  they  Expect 
to  be  Compelled  to  declare  the  Independency  of  the  thir- 


sBH^BSS 


wmm 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


267 


hi- 


beg 
,  the 


teen  States,  But  determined  to  Keep  Canada  &  Nova 
Scotia,  &  by  this  to  Extend  their  line  of  Territory  to 
Kennebeck  River.  I  rely  &  Trust  &  most  Heartly  plead 
that  I  may  not  be  left  unnoticed  in  this  affair,  that  I 
may  be  Enabled  to  assist  in  the  Affair  at  Penobscot. 
The  11*''  at  4  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  I  Rec*  Express  from 
Lieut.  Col"  Campbell  at  Narraguagus  that  a  prize  Brig  of 
150  Tons  Deeply  Loaded  with  Provisions  from  Ireland, 
taken  by  the  "Wasp,  Capt.  Somes  of  Cape  Ann  had  got  in 
there  &  were  in  great  Danger  of  Being  soon  attacked,  as 
the  Enemy  would  soon  have  Intelligence  of  her.  There  is 
a  number  who  give  every  Intelligence,  in  spite  of  what  I 
can  do,  &  that  she  cou'd  not  by  any  means  go  westward 
whilst  the  Enemy  were  at  Penobscot,  sailing  very  Bad. 
I  immediately  sett  off  in  a  Boat  wath  six  men.  I  consulted 
with  the  Capf  &  for  several  reasons,  among  others,  the 
Great  Advantages  the  Enemy  would  reap  (they  being 
very  short  at  present)  and  the  Discouragement  to  the 
Inhabitants  should  she  be  taken,  no  place  of  Defence  at 
Narraguagus. 

I  ordered  Ten  militia  men  on  Board,  &  Bro't  her  Round 
here  Two  days  ago,  Under  the  Cannon.  She  is  full  of  Pork, 
Beef,  Butter,  Oatmeal  &  about  20,000  Weigh'  Bisquit, 
Some  English  Goods.  From  our  Indigent  State,  &  the 
Indians  Making  a  Great  noise,  supposing  it  in  my  power 
to  take  The  Whole,  I  took  the  Liberty  of  Borrowing  IJ 
Barrels  Pork,  12  Barrels  Beef,  21  cwt.  1  qr.  Oatmeal,  19 
cwt.  2  qrs.  Olbs  Biscuit  &  Eight  firkins  Butter,  or  4J  to  be 
paid  for  or  replaced  in  Boston,  w^  ich  I  Doubt  not  will  be 
agreeable,  &  Trust  will  be  paid  when  Demanded.  This 
Cargo  would  be  very  advantageous  for  the  States,  for  use 
here  or  sent  Westward,  But  as  this  does  not  come  within 
my  jurisdiction,  I  only  Took  what  Necessity  Required  for 
the  present  till  further  orders.  I  have  just  received  IntelU- 
gence  By  Two  Indians  that  the  Rev'^  Mon»  De  La  Motte 


'    IM 


268 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


is  on  his  way  to  Passamaquody  By  the  Lakes,  I  shall  sett 
off  myself  this  Evening  for  that  place. 

P.  8.  Juli/  18'^  The  wind  &  weather  continuing  Bad, 
detained  me.  Last  evening  the  Rev^  Mr.  La  Motte 
arrived,  his  Behaviour  &  Conduct  has  given  me  much 
satisfaction.  He  is  indefatigable  in  the  Business.  This 
goes  Via  Penobscot  with  Cap'  John  Preble  whom  I  send 
Express  to  the  Commanding  officer  of  our  Troops  on  that 
River,  and  to  Command  tl^e  Indians  of  that  river  if  neces- 
sary, which  I  leave  to  the  Discretion  of  the  Com  officer. 


Capture  of  Col.  Allan's  Dispatches  by  the  Enemy. 

Machias  OOP  20  1779. 


Sir. 


I  had  the  Honour  of  writing  you  the  28*''  Ult°  by  Capt° 
De  Badie  who  went  in  Company  with  Col°  Lowder  of 
Penobscot,  By  the  Lakes  130  miles  Back  with  four  Indians 
in  Two  Birch  Canoes.  But  very  Unfortunately  the  whole 
Fell  into  the  hand  of  the  Enemy,  About  the  12"^  Instant 
on  the  River  Penobscot,  some  Canadians,  Indians  &  French 
to  the  number  of  Twenty  six  under  the  Direction  of  Cap' 
Lunier,  who  Lives  on  the  Carrying  place  between  Penob- 
scot &  St  Lawrence.  They  arrived  at  the  Indian  Village 
about  an  hour  before  Col""  Lowder,  none  but  Two  Indians 
of  Penobscot  being  present  the  Rest  gone  to  Kenebeck  & 
others  come  this  way.  Their  Business  was  for  Intelligence 
&  very  Unfortunately  for  me  and  this  Department  they 
found  out  the  particulars  of   every  matter.^     This  way 


1  The  unfortunate  result  of  the  expedition  to  Penobscot,  in  the  summer 
of  1779,  by  which  the  eastern  part  of  Maine  was  completely  isolated  from 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


269 


Lunier  finding  by  Letters  that  the  Lidians  were  on  their 
March  for  St  Johns  to  Join  me,  Dispatched  a  canoe  with 
a  Belt  of  Wampum  Inviting  them  to  Canada  with  Great 
promises  &  on  refusal  Threatening  Them.  The  advan- 
tages the  Enemy  must  reap  l)y  this  will  be  great  if  they 
Improve  their  time.  I  took  This  opportunity  supposing  it 
very  safe  to  write  to  Congress,  the  General  &  several  others 
wherein  a  full  state  of  the  Whole  Business  was  comnmni- 
eated  a  copy  of  what  I  wrote,  with  The  several  papers  to 
the  Hon'''''  Board  I  here  Inclose.  No  time  must  be  Lost  for 
aid  to  Enable  me  to  support  these  posts.  This  Cap' 
Lunier,  The  Hon^'^  Board  may  remember  That  I  men- 
tioned his  name  several  times  since  my  Being  here,  he  is 
an  active  Vigilent  fellow  &  great  Influence  among  the 
Indians.  I  was  very  anxious  to  have  him  Dislodged,  on 
my  first  Coming  here,  which  might  have  easily  been  done 
then.     But  he  has  now  a  number  of  Regular  Troops  & 


the  rest  of  the  country,'  must  have  greatly  complicated  Col.  Allan,  and  to 
add  to  his  other  difficulties,  many  of  the  people  -witliin  Ins  couunaud  took 
tlie  oath  of  allegiance  to  the  British,  while  many  others  were  clamorous 
for  trade  with  Nova  Scotia,  so  they  could  find  a  market  for  their  lumber 
in  that  direction.  It  must  have  been  a  gloomy  time ;  but  he  and  his  asso- 
ciates, at  Machias,  never  for  an  hour  despaired. 

The  capture  of  his  dispatches  which  he  here  deplores,  was  very  unfortu- 
nate, as  it  gave  the  enemy  the  facts  they  wished  to  obtain,  and  exposed 
his  weakness  and  wants  so  fully  that  it  seems  strange  they  did  not  at  once 
take  advantage  of  it. 

Capt.  Lunier  was,  no  doubt,  in  the  pay  and  interest  of  the  British  ;  he 
was  probably  an  Indian  trader.  Allan  says,  "  he  resides  on  the  carrying 
place  between  Penobscot  and  the  St.  Lawrence."  This  locality  can  be 
seen  on  the  map  of  Maine ;  it  is  near  the  northwest  head  stream  of  the 
Penobscot,  north  of  the  northeast  part  of  Moosehead  lake,  and  on  the 
head  waters  of  the  River  De  Loup,  a  branch  of  the  Chaudiere,  between 
Portage  and  Penobscot  lakes. 

Capt.  De  Badier,  Avho  was  the  bearer  of  the  dispatches,  was  probably  an 
Acadian  ;  they  were  on  the  usual  route  to  the  Penobscot,  and  the  west- 
ward, via  the  Schoodic  lakes,  &c.  • 


' 


in 


270 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


i 


Ml 


h 


Canadians  with  him.  I  dread  him  most  at  present  &  by 
his  late  success,  no  doubt  he  will  Endeavor  to  harass  these 
Settlements. 

The  Difficultys  &  Troubles  in  this  Department  seems 
Growing ;  the  success  of  the  enemy  strengthens  the  senti- 
ments &  Encourages  the  Dissaffected  &  Selfish  Combina- 
tions forming  to  overthrow  every  order  &  Regulation,  & 
Reports  propagated  to  discourage  the  common  people  as  to 
render  them  useless  members  of  the  States,  every  Illicite 
Method  pursued,  both  in  Trade  &  Politics,  authority  defyd 
&  Declarations  made,  that  the  principle  of  the  General 
court  will  support  them  in  Their  Trade  with  Nova  Scotia. 
This  is  prevalent  Thro'  all  the  Settlements  Eastward  of  the 
Penobscot.  The  Sloop  which  the  Indians  took  from  Little- 
field  was  taken  from  the  place  where  the  Indians  Left  her, 
in  a  most  Villianous  manner  &  convey  into  another  part 
of  the  State,  where  by  a  mock  Process  to  be  Libelled  in 
Behalf  of  the  States  By  a  naval  ofiicer,  without  doubt  to 
return  into  the  hands  of  the  former  owners.  This  has 
occasioned  a  great  resentment  among  the  Indians,  which 
with  several  others  of  the  Like  Kind  Keeps  the  Indians  so 
unsteady.  That  no  dependence  can  be  put  upon  Them,  & 
Creates  an  Intolerable  Expense  by  making  presents  to 
pre\^ent  their  going  to  the  Enemy.  The  unsteady  conduct 
of  the  Indians,  with  some  Unhappy  conduct  of  some 
people  has  obliged  me  to  use  every  mean  to  prevent  their 
going  to  St  Johns.  Every  Employment  &  service  requires 
Immediate  pay,  which  has  consumed  every  means  I  have 
had  come.  I  flattered  myself  much  in  the  Spring  in  hav- 
ing a  Chaplain,  but  am  Greatly  deceived  in  my  Expecta- 
tions ;  have  not  met  with  such  Difficulty  previous  to  this 
Summer. 

Ammunition  is  become  very  short,  all  Pread  Kind  is 
just  out.  I  must  request  an  Immediate  upply  at  all  risks, 
as  also  dry  goods.     Lieut  Delesdernier  whom  I  sent  to  the 


I 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


271 


Indians  assembled  on  St  Johns  River  from  the  Confines  of 
Canada  to  prepare  them  to  meet  me,  returned  a  few  days 
ago  with  Intelligence  of  their  Being  on  the  "Way  to  Passa- 
maquody  to  join  us.  Ambroise  sent  me  Word  of  their 
being  upward  of  three  hundred.  This  day  have  sent  them 
some  provisions  &  shall  follow  in  Two  or  three  days 
myself.  I  expect  Great  Demands  to  be  made  &  our 
Shortness  of  Bread,  Diy  Goods  &  Ammunition,  the  latter 
Continually  in  want  of,  I  shall  be  put  to  hard  shifts.  More 
particularly  as  I  know  not  the  intention  of  Government. 
I  shall  be  at  a  Loss  how  to  Settle  them  for  the  Winter, 
they  must  not  be  permitted  to  go  away,  as  the  Safety  of 
the  country  depends  on  their  being  near  us. 

The  Militia  seems  to  act  now  with  a  Little  better  spirit 
Tho'  I  am  obliged  to  persue  eveiy  easy  &  condesendiiig 
manner  to  obtain  them.  I  allow  them  provisions  &  have 
Settled  the  meat  part,  with  those  Eastward  of  Frenchmans 
Bay,  That  were  going  to  Penobscot,  &  obligated  myself  to 
settle  the  rest.  I  have  also  calculated  The  Boimty  to  so 
much  a  month,  to  keep  up  the  Garrison  in  a  posture  of 
Defence.  The  Fort  is  finished  &  a  Barrack  almost  done 
for  40  men.  I  have  a  Compound  Complex  &  mixed  aftair 
to  go  thro'  to  Sustain  the  post  &  keep  it  anyway  re- 
spectable ;  in  all  shall  Endeavour  to  keep  as  close  to  the 
resolve  of  Court  as  possible  &  accomplish  the  Intention  of 
Government.  But  am  often  CompelP  to  Depart  from 
regular  Rules,  &  fall  Upon  &  pursue  a  Variety  of  Measures 
to  bring  about  Matters.  Several  Things  I  mention  in 
a  Hurry  in  postscript  in  my  Last  Letters  which  I  now 
omit,  particularly  respecting  the  Indians  assembling  at 
St  Johns. 

I  have  deliv*  Col"  Campbell  some  advertisements  which 
I  published  Thro'  the  Country,  for  the  IIou'"''^  Boards 
Satisfaction,  which  Contains  the  Intelligence. 

I  trust   &  Rely   That  attention   may  be  given  to  my 


■■■1:     f± 


I  n 


272 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


Letters,  That  I  may  know  what  I  am  to-  Depend  upon  & 

how  to  manage. 

I  have  the  Honor,  &c. 


Difficulties  in  Carrying  out  Orders. 

Machias  Nov^  W"  1779. 
Sir. 

I  had  the  Honor  of  writing  the  10""  Ins*  from  the  River 
St  Croix  —  have  now  to  acquaint  the  Ilon^'®  Board  of  my 
Arrival  here  with  all  the  Indians,  Except  14  "Wigwams 
which  I  ordered  on  the  River  Copscook  which  leads  from 
Passamaquody  to  Machias. 

The  Virtuous  Conduct  of  those  savages  requires  the 
Generosity  of  the  States,  to  attend  to  their  Situation ;  and 
for  fear  of  their  Drawing  oft'  from  us.  Commands  the  exer- 
tions of  government  to  give  an  immediate  ear  to  the  Care 
of  them. 

As  soon  as  I  arrange  matters  a  Little  I  intend  if  Possible 
to  go  with  a  Number  of  Indians  towards  Majorbaguaduce 
(Castine)  to  join  Capt  Preble  who  I  sent  some  time  ago 
to  raise  Rangers,  by  the  Encouragement  I  received  from 
several  Inhabitants  on  that  River,  Agreeable  to  a  resolve 
of  the  Gen'  Court.  I  have  Dismissed  Capt  O'Brien'  & 
some  others,  also  what  militia  I  have  on  duty  here  I  shall 
dismiss  this  week. 

I  have  Call'd  on  the  Commissary  for  a  General  ace'  of 
every  Expenditure  since  my  Command,  &  am  now  settling 
the  whole  affairs  of  this  Department,  which  shall  be  Trans- 


*I  am  indebted  to  Wm.  P.  Haines,  Esq.,  of  Boston,  for  tlie  following 
facts:  Wliile  Governor  Fairfield,  of  Maine,  was  a  member  of  congress, 
he  received  a  petition  from  the  widow  of  Jeremiah  O'Brien,  for  compensa- 
tion for  services  rendered  by  her  husband,  in  which  she  stated,  that  she 
made  with  her  own  hands  a  flag  for  his  privateer.  It  represented  a  pine 
tree,  and  was  wrought  on  white  cloth.  It  was  certainly  a  true  emblem 
for  Machias,  and  would  still  be. 


-TT-I 


m 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


278 


mittcd  as  soon  as  finished  with  the  other  Returns.  I  ura 
sorry  that  I  am*  Compelled  to  inform  the  General  Court 
that  much  bad  Conduct  appears  to  take  place ;  (under  the 
Colour  of  Permitts  to  hring  effects  from  Nova  Scotia)  of 
Carrying  on  an  Illicit  Trade. 

The  military  by  doing  their  duty  must  become  obnoxious. 
This  I  find  will  soon  be  the  case  with  me,  nor  can  I  dis- 
charge the  Duty  I  owe  my  Country  without  bringing  the 
Vengeance  of  the  Commercial  part  of  the  Eastward  upon 
me.  By  which  I  am  Liable  to  be  kep'd  in  pei*jietual 
Broils,  much  to  the  Damage  of  the  Public  Service,  as  it 
must  prevent  my  pursuing  my  business  with  the  Indians, 
which  requires  all  the  Time  k  Talents  I  have. 

From  these  Circumstances,  should  there  not  be  a  check 
to  such  proceedings  by  Government,  I  must  claim  the 
Indulgence  to  be  dismiss'^  from  my  Military  Employment 
in  this  place.  I  have  been  very  happy  in  this  Capacity,  & 
Esteem  it  the  Greatest  Honor  &  favour  During  the  Course 
of  my  whole  life  in  being  in  the  Military  Department  & 
Could  wish  to  Continue  during  the  "War.  But  the  diffi- 
culty' I  have  to  encounter  is  beyound  my  fortitude  or 
ability"  to  withstand  in  this  place.  Should  the  Hon'''* 
Congress  approve  of  my  past  Conduct  and  thinks  it  suita- 
ble to  Continue  me  Longer  with  the  Indians — I  would 
Chuse  to  move  the  Stores  &  Every  matter  whatever  of  this 
Department  from  among  the  Inhabited  part  of  the  Country. 
Should  my  Conduct  not  be  approved  of  &  tho't  Expedient 
for  the  Public  Service  that  I  should  be  succeeded,  I  will- 
ingly offer  my  services  as  a  volunteer  under  any  Gentleman 
appointed,  to  continue  until  he  may  be  acquainted  with 
their  ways.  This  day  I  have  a  Conference  with  the  In- 
dians, the  whole  Proceedings  I  shall  Transmit  by  next 
opp°. 

Nov'  10,  1779,  had  a  Conference  with  Indians  on  the 
River  Macadavick. 

35 


~-J»SIV 


Jl  t' 


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■ 

^ 

■  ' 

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■  ? 

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p 

Hblb, 

£fe 

274        Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 

Conference  with  the  Indians. 

At  a  Conference  Held  at  Machias  the  18"*  Day  of  Novem- 
ber 1779  with  a  large  Number  of  Indians  of  the  St  Johns 
&  Passamaquody  Tribes,  with  Several  from  St  Francis  in 
Canada  and  other  Tribes. 


I 


5 


Present 
Colo  Allan  Supr  Int. 
Lieut  Avery  Secy  to  do 
Lieut  Dclcfldernier  A  D.  C  to  do 
Major  Stillman 
Capt  Smith  Com'y 
Capt  O'Brien 
Lieut  Albee 
Lieut  Fcrree 
Doctor  Clark 
.  Quar  Maar  Foster 


Stephen  Jones  ^jjjjjj^^^jj^jj^g 

Mr  O'Brien       V  of  Machias 

Mr  Longfellow  J 

Mr.  8.  Archabald ')       ^^^^^^ 

Mr.T.ArchabaldUoyagjjotia 

Mr.  J.  Archabald  J 

Capt  Somes  of  Capo  Ann 


"     Pierre  Paul  Interpreter 

Pierre  Tomma,  Chief  of  St  Johns. 
Brother 
By  the  grace  of  the  Almighty,  who  Conducts  all  his 
People  we  are  permitted  to  meet  together  at  this  place 
where  we  formerly  did,  and  by  the  continuance  of  his  Good- 
ness, I  hope  we  shall  be  prospered  in  all  our  Undertakings. 
The  Old  men,  the  Sachems,  the  Captains  &  the  Young 
men  Salute  all  the  oflScers  &  Gentlemen  here  present  as 
well  as  all  the  rest  of  the  Americans.    *    *    * 


Secretary/  Avery's  Beport. 

Indian  Eastern  Department 
Machias  June  4'^^  1780. 
Sir. 

By  the  Direction  of  Col°  Allan  I  have  the  Honor  to 
Acquaint  the  Hon^^''  Board  that  I  arrived  from  the  Indian 
Encampment  at  Passamaquody  last  evening,  where  I  left 


mw 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


276 


em- 
)hn8 
is  in 


ts 
s 

I 
cotia 


I  hi8 
alace 
ood- 
ings. 
ouug 
it  as 


80. 

lor  to 
ndian 
I  left 


him  pursuing  every  measure  in  his  Power  to  Retain  the 
Indians  in  the  American  Interest  &  prevent  their  going  to 
St  Johns.  lie  lias  prevailed  on  them  to  continue  for  the 
present,  hut  if  Troops  &  more  Stores  does  not  arrive  soon, 
they  will  not  stay. 

On  the  1"  In"  Two  British  Arm^  Schooners  Arrived 
at  Passamaquody.  One  of  which  was  the  Buckram  of  8 
Guns  Cap'  AUderdier  Commander,  the  other  an  Arm'd 
Transport  of  6  Guns.  Col<»  Allan  Called  a  Council  of 
Indians  &  Requested  that  more  of  them  go  on  board,  which 
they  promised  they  would  not.  However,  Pierre  Tomraa 
the  Chief  of  St  Johns  (always  considered  a  Tory),  and 
Louis  ITeptuno  of  Penobscott  (Called  Colo  Louis),  the 
pretended  chief  of  Passamaquody  went  on  board  &  Re- 
ceived Several  Presents,  Cap'  Allan's  Indians  informed 
that  M'  Franklin  &  M'  Burk  arrived  at  St  John  the  30'" 
of  May,  with  Large  Supplies  and  Desired  a  conference 
with  them.  This  puts  all  the  Indians  on  the  alert,  the 
enemy  making  them  such  large  oflers  &  Col"  Allan 
having  nothing  to  give  them  nor  no  Troops,  they  seemed 
Tired  of  the  Service  &  it  will  be  very  difficult  to  keep 
them. 

Col"  Allan  finds  it  will  be  impossible  to  keep  the  Indians 
Except  he  has  immediately  at  least  60  men  and  more 
supplies.  Had  he  had  but  30  men  with  him  at  Passama- 
quody all  the  Indians  would  have  cheerfully  Turned  out, 
and  would  have  been  of  the  Utmost  Service  in  Ilarrassing 
the  Enemy  at  St  John's.  None  of  the  Troops  ordered  for 
this  place  has  yet  arrived  nor  can  Col°  Allan  get  the  least 
Intelligence  respecting  them. 

There  is  here  4  Deserters  from  the  Buckram  since  her 
being  at  Passamaquody,  &  three  more  came  away  that  has 
not  arrived.    Two  of  them  bro't  ofi"the  Buckrams  Barge. 

The  Stores  are  mostly  gone,  there  is  now  in  the  Store 
about  140  Bus'  Corn  &  lOOOJbs  Butter  &  there  is  not  one 


V^i.?*"*" 


276 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


ounce  of  meat  for  Troops  or  the  IndiuiiH.     The  Dry  Goodn 

arc  mostly  Distributed  among  tlio  latter. 

I  encIoHO  a  Copy  of  a  letter  wliich  Col"  Allan  sent  oft' 

by  Express  some  days  ago,  for  fear  the  Original  should  not 

arrive. 

Ilblc  Scrv' 

J  a*  Avery  See'  to 

111*!"  Ep. 

The  Ilon'ble  Jer.  Powell  Esq. 


ht 


■%i 


Beport  of  an  Indian  Council. 

Harbour  Lateel 

Passamaquody  June  IV^  1780. 
Sir. 

I  wrote  the  Hon'''"  Board  some  days  ago,  In  which  I 
mentioned  of  Two  Expresses  being  gone  for  Penobscot, 
&  River  St  Johns,  they  are  since  Returned.  The  former 
Tribe  is  to  be  hero  in  Six  days,  for  the  purpose  of  Holding 
a  grand  council  on  the  Invitation  from  Canada. 

Ambroise  was  on  the  Embasy  to  St  Johns  he  would  not 
have  gone  had  not  a  private  Affair  obliged  him ;  one  of 
his  Relations  killing  Pierre  Tomma's  Son  some  time  ago. 
The  Intelligence  he  brings  is  that  Deputys  from  the  Mari- 
sheete,  the  Micmacks,  Oriskanys  or  Mohawks,  Argontier 
or  Mountainers  and  St  Francis,  Assembled  there  wh  ^n  it 
appeared  as  I  first  Told  the  Indians  that  the  Britains  were 
at  the  Bottom  of  this  to  bring  Confusion  among  the 
Indians,  which  I  hope  they  are  Satisfyed,  tho'  not  come  to 
a  Conclusion.  I  Received  a  String  of  wampum  &  message 
in  answer  to  one  I  sent  to  the  whole  to  the  General 
Council,  the  Litteral  Translation  as  follows 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


277 


In  nn  aftsernbly  of  tho  Tribes  boforo  mentionocl  at  Auk- 
pakuc  on  St.  Johns  Uivor. 

Brotiikr:  Agreeable  to  What  you  Tell  ns,  that  tho 
Great  God  who  sees  us  &  Knoweth  our  Jloarts  &  Inten- 
tions, may  still  Lead  us  in  Truth.  We  Kec''  your  nieHsago 
with  joy  &  thank  you  for  the  notice  you  take  of  us ;  we 
salute  you  in  Return. 

Brother  :  We  met  here  on  business  Among  ourselves. 
"We  have  not  had  axe  or  knife  in  our  hands  yet  tliis  way. 
The  Americans  are  our  Brothers  &  in  our  present  mind 
we  mean  not  to  luirt  them.  But  what  we  shall  do,  wlien 
our  Council  is  finised  we  cannot  now  Tell  but  you  shall 
Immediately  know  all. 

Brother  :  Our  Ears  are  opened  to  hear,  our  Eyes  clear 
that  we  can  sec.  Our  Heart  open,  &  we  have  observed  on 
the  news  of  every  one.  We  trust  God  Will  keep  us  so  & 
prevent  us  from  falling  into  tho  Snares  or  Traps  Laid  to 
take  us  by  any. 

Brother:  We  now  Salute  you  with  a  Good  Heart  we 
salute  the  Congress,  General  Washington,  all  the  cliief 
men,  Capt"'  &  Young  men,  women  &  children  of  America 
wishing  all  Health  &  Success,  that  the  Good  God  may 
protect  you  all,  &  keep  you.     A  string  of  wampum. 

There  is  something  more,  the  message  the  Indians  as- 
sembled at  Moreal  to  the  Several  Eastern  Indians  which  is 
something  Lengthy  have  not  time  to  prepare  it  to  send. 

I  have  to  acquaint  the  Court  that  there  is  a  Considerable 
number  of  Indians  here,  a  Great  Consumption  of  Provi- 
sions, Great  number  is  Expected  from  Various  parts.  I 
cannot  keep  them  Together  without  supplying  them  with 
Provisions  &  Ammunition.  Had  the  Troops  arrived  I 
should  act  otherwise.  But  at  present  there  is. no  otlier 
Defence  for  the  Country  should  they  withdraw  &  the 
Enemy  make  ever  so  Little  Attempt  they  must  carry  it  in 
the  present  Situation  of  the  Country.     I  must  again  pray 


278 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


that  further  supplies  of  provisions  &  some  men  may  be 
sent. 

At  present  I  am  obliged  to  follow  a  different  sort  of 
Business  than  is  consistant  with  my  Station.  Every  Lei- 
sure time  I  go  in  Boats  a  fishing  which  is  all  the  meat 
kind  we  have  to  use  Either  for  whites  or  Indians. 

I  must  solicit  the  favour,  &  press  the  Execution  of  it ; 
that  a  Committee  or  Some  Agents  to  Settle  the  Govern- 
ment Accounts  in  this  Department  may  be  F'-nt  down  for 
the  purpose  as  I  should  be  happy  that  the  Ace"  may  be 
brought  to  a  Conclusion  this  season. 

I  have  the  Honor,  &c. 

Note. 

After  our  disastrous  defeat  at  Penobscot,  in  1779,  the  whole  bay  and 
river  were  held  by  the  British,  and  our  communications  with  the  Indians 
there  were  cut  off.  To  prevent  their  forming  an  alliance  with  the  enemy, 
and  to  carry  out  that  stipulation  in  the  treaty  in  which  we  agreed  to  supply 
a  truck  house  with  articles  for  their  trade,  a  depot  was  established  at 
head  of  boat  navigation  on  the  Kennebec.  For  this  purpose  old  fort 
Halifax,  which  had  been  built  some  twenty  years  before,  was  occupied, 
and  from  this  the  Penobscot  tribe  were  supplied.  This  place  seems  to 
have  been  their  head-quarters  for  a  considerable  part  of  the  year ;  it  was 
kept  up  till  the  end  of  the  war. 

Here  resided  their  priest.  Juniper  Barthium,  of  the  order  of  the  Recol- 
lect. He  was  by  birth  a  Frenchman.  As  most  of  the  priests,  who  had 
during  the  war  proved  to  be  emissaries  of  the  English  government,  he 
was  suspected ;  but  full  evidence  of  his  loyalty  to  the  patriot  cause,  was 
sent  by  the  select  men  and  others  of  Winslow,  where  the  fort  was  situated. 
This  fort  still  stands  at  vhe  junction  of  the  Sebasticook  with  the  Kenne- 
bec. It  is  now  (1867),  in  the  town  of  Waterville.  It  was  built  of  hewn 
timber,  and  should  be  preserved  as  a  relic  of  anto-revolutionary  times. 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


279 


Remarkable  Effort  of  the  British  Agent  on  the  Indians. 

Machias  July  12'^  1780. 
Sir 

An  opportunity  just  offering  gives  me  the  Honor  of 
Writing  a  few  Lines  to  the  Hon''^*'  Board.  My  last  V7as  of 
the  11""  Ult"  from  Passamaquody.  The  22'"'  I  returned  to 
Machias  .to  settle  matters  there.  An  officer  and  Twenty- 
one  men  arrived  from  Camden,  with  Cap'  Preble,  whom 
I  had  sent  to  know  the  reason  of  their  Detention. 

On  the  30"^  I  set  off  for  Passamaquody  with  Col°  Camp- 
hell  as  it  was  N^ecessaiy  he  should  Communicate  personally 
what  was  done  for  the  Indians  at  the  Westward,  which  is 
the'.r  Custom.  The  31"'  as  we  were  assembling  for  a 
Conference,  Three  Indians  arrived  Express  from  St  Johns, 
with  a  letter  from  M'  Bush  the  Priest  Desiring  them  to 
attend  him  immediately  on  business  of  the  Church,  as  also 
a  letter  from  Major  Studholm  promising  Pardon  for  past 
offences,  Protection  &  Presents.  I  was  Desired  to  Inter- 
pret these  letters,  which  when  Done,  much  was  said.  A 
Conference  held  the  best  of  two  days,  they  came  to  a 
Determination  to  see  the  Priest  at  all  events,  but  Declared 
their  Zeal  for  America,  their  friendship  &  affection  for 
me,  that  tbey  would  have  no  concern  with  the  Britain 
whatever ;  only  meant  to  see  the  Priest,  their  Souls  being 
heavy  &  Loaded  with  Burthens  of  Sins,  that  they  acted  on 
a  Duty  commanded  in  their  church  which  they  could  not 
Neglect.  They  Delivered  a  very  large  Belt  of  Wampum 
to  be  sent  to  Congress  and  a  French  ambassador  (which 
will  be  sent  at  a  proper  opp" )  I  used  every  method  in  my 
Power  to  Divert  their  Intentions  but  all  in  Vain,  go  they 
would.  But  made  the  most  Sacred  Protestations  to  be 
back  in  Three  weeks.  Accordingly  all  but  about  100 
Including  women  &  children  set  oft'  the  3^  Inst. 


— w 


'I 


280 


Eevolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


I  am  very  unhappy  in  being  obliged  to  acquaint  the 
Hon^'**  Boai'd  of  this,  after  the  Success  I  have  experienced 
in  Disappointing  the  Priest  &  M'  Frankline  for  this  three 
years.  I  do  not  believe  they  will  be  persuaded  to  do  any- 
thing against  America,  but  it  will  give  great  Encourage- 
ment to  the  Britains,  and  have  too  much  reason  to  suspect 
they  mean  us  mischief  by  this  Sudden  manouver,  the 
Indians  being  the  only  Dread  for  sometime.  Should 
nothing  happen,  I  shall  be  contented,  as  it  will  save  much 
Provisions.  But  the  great  Disposer  of  Human  Affairs  I 
Trust  will  Direct  us  for  the  Best.  Our  Situation  may  be 
easily  conceived  when  the  Hon^^*^  Board  is  acquainted, 
that  I  have  but  Thirty  five  men  to  defend  this  Post,  Part 
of  which  must  constantly  be  with  me  among  the  Indians. 
I  have  already  Troubled  the  Hon^'^  Board  Much  in  my 
Complaints  about  Troops  not  coming.  This  Spring  I  have 
Experienced  &  seen  the  Evil.  Thirty  men  is  Double  the 
Expense  in  proportion  to  what  sixty  would  be,  as  the  Duty 
is  Various  &  constant  that  men  must  be  Extra  Supplyed  to 
Enable  them  to  go  thro'  the  Hardships  was  their  a  suffi- 
cient Number  to  Guard  Half  would  be  sufficient  for 
Indians,  for  the  want  of  men  we  have  to  count  &  pay  them 
for  every  Trifling  matter.  Are  often  obliged  to  hire 
people  at  a  very  great  Expense ;  which  by  having  men 
would  be  Prevented.  Had  there  been  but  20  men,  to  have 
attended  me  at  Passamaquody  &  made  that  a  small  Tem- 
porary Post,  It  certainly  would  have  prevented  the  Britains 
Erecting  a  Posi,  up  St  Johns  Eiver  &  neither  Frankline 
nor  the  Priest  would  have  dared  to  be  so  near.  With  the 
same  Number  of  men  I  could  with  the  greatest  ease  taken 
the  Buckram  Schooner  &  a  Large  Transport  with  supplies 
for  the  several  garrisons  up  the  Bay  of  Fundi.  Upon  the 
whole  the  Damage  arrising  by  not  having  a  Hundred  men 
at  this  Post  makes  a  great  odds  in  the  Expenses,  &  at 
present  Liable  to   loose   all   we   have  been  Defending  & 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


281 


Expending  money  upon  these  three  years  past.  I  have 
received  Intelligence  from  Nova  Scotia,  that  the  most  of 
the  Troops  in  the  out  Gai'risons  are  called  into  Halifax, 
one  Third  of  the  militia  ordered  to  be  Drafted,  a  part  for 
Windsor,  by  foi'ced  marches  for  Halifax,  where  they  are 
Carrying  on  Works.  Advice  coming  from  England  that 
a  French  fleet  is  Expected.  About  2,500  men  in  Halifax, 
&  Two  Ships.  The  Stores  Eeceived  from  the  Continental 
Commissary  a  great  part  is  useless,  and  all  Extremely 
under  weight.  Let  this  arise  from  what  it  will,  it  will  make 
much  confusion,  as  where  it  has  been  sent  to  the  Indian 
Villages  &  to  my  Quarters,  in  Barrells,  there  will  appear 
great  Quantities  more  than  there  realy  is.  As  we  have 
Generally  Depended  upon  the  accuracy  &  certainty  of  the 
Consignee,  we  did  not  find  the  mistake  till  considerable 
was  consumed.  I  have  ordered  a  Board  of  officers  in  con- 
junction with  some  of  the  principle  Inhabitants  to  Examine 
into  the  whole.  With  submission  I  must  request  a  word 
from  the  Hon'''''  Board  to  the  Board  of  war,  to  forward  the 
supplys  Voted  for  Indians  with  all  Expedition,  as  of  the 
greatest  consequence  if  it  was  Intended  to  keep  their 
Interests.  I  feel  rather  Diffident  In  giving  such  trouble  to 
the  Hon^i''  Board,  as  I  am  well  asured  of  the  Pains  they 
are  pleased  to  Take.  I  will  do  the  best  I  can  let  it  be 
which  way  it  will  while  I  am  Honored  with  the  Command. 
I  shall  despatch  off  M'  Avery  with  the  Several  matters 
concerning  the  Department  next  week. 

I  have  the  Honor  &c. 


86 


w 


282 


Eevolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


|!  :5i: 


IS  :i 


An  Effort  of  the  British  to  Control  the  Indians. 

That  the  British  government  was  making  every  effort 
in  their  power  to  control  the  Indians,  the  following  docu- 
ments, long  in  the  possession  of  the  high  sheriff  of  St. 
John  county,  N.  B.,  conclusively  proves.  By  reference  to 
Col.  Allan's  letter  of  this  period  it  will  be  seen  that  he  was 
aware  of  their  grpat  exertions,  although  he  did  not  seem 
to  have  known  that  their  particular  object  at  that  time 
was  to  obtain  masts  for  their  navy. 

"  To  the  Chiefs,  Captains  «&  principal  Indians  on  the  River  St  John : 

Brethren  :  I  am  much  concerned  I  cannot  see  you  as  I 
intended  on  the  25th  of  this  month,  but  Major  8tudholm 
will  meet  you  fdr  me  who  will  tell  you  the  sentiments  of 
my  heart. 

Brethren  :  King  George  wants  masts  for  his  ships,  and 
has  employed  people  to  provide  them  on  your  river,  de- 
pending on  you  to  protect  them  in  cutting  them  down  and 
conveying  them  to  fort  Howe  (this  fort  then  stood  on  the 
present  site  of  Carleton  opposite  St  John). 

Brethren:  The  governor  sends  you  some  presents 
which  Major  Studholm  will  deliver  you.  They  are  in- 
tended to  bind  fast  your  promise  that  you  will  protect  the 
Mast  cutters. 

Brethren  :  King  George  My  gracious  Master  has  sent 
me  a  large  quantity  of  presents  for  you  ;  they  are  on  the 
water  on  the  way  to  Halifax ;  when  they  arrive  I  will 
deliver  them  to  you  in  person.  These  presents  the  king 
gives  you  for  your  delivering  up  to  me  the  treaty  you  had 
entered  into  with  the  council  at  Boston. 

I  am  your  affectionate  Brother 

Michael  Franklin. 

WiNSOR  N  S  May  18,  1780." 

To  this  is  annexed  an  invoice  of  goods  shipped  on  board 


fji 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


283 


a  vessel  consisting  of  seventeen  different  kinds  suitable  for 
Indian  use  and  in  largo  quantities ;  the  last  articles  being 
"  a  cask  of  wine  for  the  squaws  &  such  men  as  don't  drink 
rum."  Just  such  an  invoice  as  Col.  Allan  was  pleading 
for  in  vain.  Was  it  not  expecting  too  much  of  these  poor 
sufi'ering  Indians  that  they  could  withstand  such  strong 
temptations  and  adhere  to  Col.  Allan  with  his  almost  naked 
commissariat  ?  We  infer  that  Indians  went  to  the  St.  John 
river,  and  obtained  the  property,  and,  after  fullilling  the 
agreement  to, the  British,  returned  to  Col.  Allan,  and  re- 
mained faithful  to  our  side,  to  the  close  of  the  war. 


284        Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


Return  of  Indians  and  their  Famibjs  that  are  and  have  Been  in 
the  Service  of  the  United  States  by  order  of  Col"  Allen,  Super- 
intend^ and  Command^'  in  Chief  of  Indians,  Eastern  De- 
partment, at  Maehias,  July  28,  1780  : 


Names  or  IIeads  or  Familts  and  a 
Men  Able  to  Bear  Arms. 


Enciunpt'd  at  Pai<samaquody : 

Cnpt.  Nicholas  Ilawawcs, 

Tomma,  2(1  son,  J- 

Zacli  I'uvier.  8  -  3  or,    ) 

JoHOi)h  iShcsli 

Pierro  Tomina,  1  arm, 

Jolinat  Denney,     I  ■« 

Nicholas,  his  son, ) 

Mary  Madi'lain,  widow, 

Jcaii  B.  Lapont, * 

Pistolct, 

&M    h°"«' ■ 

Jesiac,  & 

g^*'  l^wlfe,  sons, 

* 
At  Scoodick  on  the  Lakes : 

Trans  Jost.  Nopton, 

Jeau  Batis  Noptanc,  ) 

S^    [Brothers,} 

Pierre  Nichola,  

Loui  Neptune,  ( 

Jno.  Bats.,  nephew,     ( 

Ettine  Nynicotts,  killed         I 

at  Penobscot,  his  widow,  ) 

Jequevesoni  Neptune, 

Pierre  Mohawk, 

Au^Hstin  Littl.  Breeches, 

Mataijonsho, 

Ignace,  

'roffonsho, 

Grand  John  and  son, 

Athanes 

Francis  Havine, 

Jeaque  Eltiene,  I 

Pierre  Benoise,  j 

Wally  Mixet  <fc  son, 

Ambroise  St.  Aiibin, 
Noel  St.  Aubin,     I  „.„, 
Toma  St.  Anbin,    (  ^°"*' 

Joseph,  nephw  to  Am., 

Frank  Jos.  Ambroise  et, 

John  Francis,  I 

Noel,  his  son,  ( 

Joseph  Tomma,     I 

Joseph,  his  son,     (" 

Francis  Uaviuru  Eldon, 


d 

a 

0 

i 

2 

4 

3 

3 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

3 

2 

1 
4 

4 

1 

1 

4 

3 

2 

3 

3 

1 

4 

1 

1 

a 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3 

3 

1 

4 

1 

1 

4 

1 

1 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

4 

1 

1 

1 

S 

1 

i 

1 

1 

2 

3 

2 

1 

2 

1 

3 

4 

2 

1 

1 

2 

2 

8 

1 

2 

2 

6 

1 

1 

2 

40 

42 

64 

Names  op  Heads  of  Familts  ano:^ 


Men  Able  to  Bear  Arms. 


Pierre  Tomma,  Chf.  of   Merlsheet 

Tribe 

Cant.  Noel  Wallice, 
lAllolewaeys,  his  father,  I 
Jno.  Batis.  his  son,  (  ' 

Johnshine 

Luis  Tiiccaduck, 

Joseph  Pamonet 

Nichola  Agmabesh, 

Jean  Batis  Agmabesh, 

iPierre  Benolt, 

NoelNoellis.    ( 

Loui  his  son,  j 

Pierre  AJcoming, 


-  j''  !•  sons, 


2d, 
Paul  Schesch. 
Jeaqueth.   widow,  son,  I 

one  brother,  ) 

Pierre  Pall,  Interpreter, 

Ettiene  Da  Mour, 

Joe  Gull, 

Jcanvie,  I 

Frans.  ijoseph,  son,  f 

Pierre  Fortue,  i 

Pierre  Joseiih,  son.   ( 

Joseph  Ii,'nacc, 

John  Halt 

Jea(fti(;  Tomos's  widdow, 

Joseph  Neptane  (Cancongoes), 
Joseph,  his  son, 

Jeaque  Quym, 

Antoine  Gondau, 

Jean  Bats.  Trantan, 

Audu  Major 

Joseph  Paslat, 

Pierre  Jeuciue, 

Joseph  Cook, 

iPierre  Joseph  Chief, 

Charles  Newcook, 

Jean  Bats.  Forelys, 

Mickel  Forelys, , 

Tomma  Esqiialpan, 

Pierre  Joe  Stutterer, 

Francis  Etzan, 

Francis  Josei)h  Hawans, 
Jas.  Loui  Hawawch,  I  „„„„ 
Jos  Marie,  j-sons,  ... 

Pierre  Paul  Neptane, 

Luis  Assademouit, 

Noel  Assademouit, 


S- 


o 
K  IS 


SIMCS 


Mil' 


r-TTWTTCTT-TM 


1 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


285 


Return  —  Continued. 


Names  op  Heads  op  Pamilts  and 
Men  Able  to  Bear  Arms. 


Probiihly  M(!ri8heeteg  and  Passa- 
mn(iiiodie8. 

NIchola  Goiidnn, 

Nicliolii  Goiulmi,  Junr., 

Loui  Goiidaii, 

Pierre.  AwHUe^^aimeah, 

Grand  Pierre, 

Itaziet  I'aiiiii^, 

Toininii  Hesh, 

Andre  (Juaret, 

Kcliorat  &,  t<()n, 

Franeoise  &  uiotlier, 

Joe  Gun 

Andrew  Perj^ies, 

Franeoise  Xavioro,       I 

Andrew  Xaviere,  son,  ) 

Micliel  Denny, 

Rene  Portns , 

diaries  Neptane, 

Loui   Arijontien, 

Jean  Nieliola 

I^ierre  Nieliola, 

Joseph  Peineawoit, 

Francis  Xaviere^  Jacob, 

Organictt  Wasliinton, 

Laurent, 

Joseph  Marrie 

Herod  Krans.  Xaviere, 

Mary  Aiipliaqueueque, 


Micmacs  : 


Antoino  Uny, 

Joseph  Caiepn, 

Joseph  Shejisawoit, 

Jean  liattiret, 

Joseph  Hernnrd,  Scnr., 

Josejih  Bernard,  Junr., 

Maetten, 
, Francis, 
'Nichola, 

Ettinno,  


At  Schoodic  ifc  Passamnquody, . 
Marisheets, 


3!) 


2.3 


Names  OP  Heads  op  Pamilys  and  g 


Men  Able  to  Bear  Arms. 


Penobscuts ; 

Esqr.  Ansonng,. 

Toniniash 

Aiinice 

I  Pierre  Newel,... 
j  Joseph, 


Nieliola 

John  .iatiest 

Joseph  Mo.xes, 

Ksp(n'n()t 

Kraneis  Moxus, 

Many  (ireet 

Attieii  .N'iektowabolt, 

Joseph  Marie, 

Plansav, 

Benedfet  BenwoU 

Joseph  (Mohawk), 

James  Ilorral, 

Salome 

Josejih  Marrie  Wamtet,. . . 

Josejih  Peace, 

Bennowoit, 

Jack  Tomnia 

A,  Jonj:, 

HaiiL'sani; 

Atieiiesh 

Francis  White, 

Pierre  Jeaek 

Joseph  Denny,  or  Oirons,. 
French  Michael,  or  Wine, . 

Michel  Denny, 

Jno.  Batist  ffocktelmuch,. 

John  Neptane 

Frans  Xaviere  (Mohawk),: 
Asang  She-gee-has- wa, 


5157  50 


Total,  i:5f)  men,  118  women,  135  children :  Penohscots,  51  men,  57  women,  56  children  ; 
In  all  673  souls. 

l8T  Lieut.  FRED'K  DELESDEBNIER,  Lieut.  Ind.  Dcpt. 


165 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


Sir. 


Sec'y  Avery's  Report  loith  a  Belt  of  Wampum. 


Herewith  I  beg  leave  to  lay  before  the  Hon'"''  Board,  a 
Bolt  of  Wampum  sent  by  all  the  Indians  imder  Col"  Allan's 
Superintcndency,  as  a  pledge  of  their  friendship  &  Fidelity 
to  the  United  States  &  the  King  of  France. 

The  Belt  is  thirteen  Rows  Wide,  which  represents  the 
Thirteen  United  States,  the  Cross  at  the  End  their  attach- 
ment to  the  French ;  the  other  white  places  the  Diff '  Vil- 
lages of  the  Indians. 

This  belt  is  presented  to  your  Honors  in  behalf  of  the 
Hon*"'*  Congress,  as  Col"  Allan  thinks  it  would  be  better 
for  your  Honors  to  manage  this  matter  than  to  send  it  to 
Philadelphia.  Your  Honors  will  also  receive  their  speech 
at  the  Time  they  delivered  the  Belt  to  the  Superintendent. 

The  Belt  is  to  be  returned  to  them  again  with  medals  at 
each  End,  as  Tokens  of  accepting  their  alliance  &  Friend- 
ship, on  one  end  for  the  United  States;  &  the  other  for 
the  French  (which  M""  Velnais  will  manage  in  behalf  of 
the  King  of  Franco).  It  will  be  also  necessary  for  the 
Hon"'  Council  to  return  an  answer  in  writing,  in  behalf  of 
Congress,  with  the  State  Seal  affixed  (as  M'  Velnairs  will 
do  for  the  French),  this  matter  the  Indians  hold  sacrod, 
and  having  it  conducted  properly  will  be  the  greatest 
service  in  Sementing  their  Friendship.  The  sooner  it  is 
completed  the  better. 

I  would  also  inform  the  Hon*"''  Board  that  when  at 
Rhode  Island,  I  apply'd  to  admeral  Torney  for  a  Priest  to 
go  to  Machias  for  the  Indians.  He  could  not  return  a 
positive  answer  till  tlie  Day  after  I  left  the  Island,  which 
he  was  to  do  to  Gen'  Heath,  but  from  what  he  said,  I  have 
reason  to  think  one  will  be  granted. 

I  have  the  Honor  to  be  &c 
Ja^  Avery  Agent  for  Col°  Allan. 

Boston  Aug.  W'  1780. 


I 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


m 


Hcportfrom  Scc'y  Avery. 

Maciiias  June  14'^  1780. 
Sir. 
I  have  the  Honor  to  inclose  tlie  Ilonhlo  Board,  a  letter 

from  Col"  Allen  Rec*  last  Evening  by  Two  Indians  from 

Passamaqnody,   where    he   still   continues    Pursuing  his 

Business  with  the  Indians. 

On  the  12'"  In''.,  Col°  Campbell  with  a  Quantity  of 
Stores  for  the  Troops,  arrived  safe  at  this  place ;  but  have 
not  heard  any  thing  of  the  troops  Ordered. 

I  would  also  inform  the  Ilonble  Board,  that  M'  Parker, 

by  whom  the  Ilonble  Board  wrote  to   Col"  Allen,   was 

Taken  and  carrycd  into  Bagaduce,  by  which  the  letters 

Either  fell  into  the  Enemy's  hands  or  were  Destroyed. 

I  have  the  Honor  to  be  &c 

Ja^  Avery  Sec^ 
To  The  Hon'ble  Jer.  Powell,  Esq. 


Indian  Eastern  Department, 
Macuias  April  27'"  1780. 


} 


To  the  Penobscot,  Meresheete,  Madewascow,  all  the  rest 
of  the  St  Johns,  Passamaquoddy,  Mickmacks,  and  all 
other  friends  and  Brothers  to  America  and  the  French 
Nation : 

Brothers  :  Peace  attend  you,  with  the  blessings  of  the 
great  God  to  rest  on  you  and  family s.  Open  your  Eyes, 
Ears  and  Heart.  Hear  &  attend  to  what  I  say.  I  salute 
you  with  a  loving  heart. 

(String  of  Wampum). 

Brothers  :  I  see  you  have  become  much  scattered  & 
divided,  that  good  council  for  your  safety  cannot  bo  pro- 
cured without  being  more  togcather,  and  knowing  one 
another's  minds. 

Brothers  :  The  opportunity  will  be  very  advantageous 


288 


Revolutionary  Opkrations  in  Eastern 


&  safe  for  you  to  got  together.  The  Supply's  and  Troops 
ordered  to  this  Country  for  its  Defence  and  your  safety  by 
America  and  France  Avill  prevent  the  En  ernes  of  our 
Country  from  molesting  us  in  our  Important  business. 

Brothers  :  I  do  therefore,  now  by  this  belt  of  Wam- 
pum, in  the  name  of  the  good  people  of  the  United  States 
of  America,  &  by  the  duty  &  aft'ection  due  your  ancient 
father,  the  King  of  France,  by  virtue  of  the  Treaty  of 
Friendship  settled  and  confirmed  between  these  two 
nations,  Summom  and  Require  you  to  meet  me  in  Grcnd 
Council,  to  bo  held  at  Passamaquoddy,  as  soon  as  possible 
after  the  25""  day  of  May,- and  for  you  to  give  me  notice  & 
information  thereof. 

Brothers  :  If  you  think  of  your  safety  &  that  of  your 
wives,  and  children,  you  will  not  neglect  this  on  any  ac- 
count whatever. 

Jno.  Allan, 

Coimcil  Agent  &  Commissioner-in-Chief 
of  Indians,  Eastern  Department. 
The  original  of  the  above  is  still  retained  by  the  Passar 
maquody  tribe. 


Report  of  Col.  Allan's  Journey  to  Frenchman's  Bay,  etc. 

Maciiias  March  17"'  1781. 
Sir. 

My  Last  which  I  had  the  Hono'  of  "Writing  your  Ex- 
celciicy  was  The  26  Jan^.  I  then  acquainted  you  of  the 
situation  of  The  Department  to  that  Day,  and  of  my 
Intention  of  going  to  Frenchmans  Bay,  in  consequence  of 
the  Intelligence  I  had  Received  from  that  Place. 

It  was  the  S"*  of  February  before  I  could  get  ready, 
when  I  set  oif  in  Company  with  Col"  Foster,  also  Col° 


t« 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


289 


Campbell  on  our  way.  On  our  arrival  there,  found  much 
Disturbaneo  respecting  some  PerHons  being  at  Bagaduco, 
(Castine).  I  accordingly  in  a  xMilitary  (Capacity  seized 
two  men,  and  had  an  Examination  in  prcHonce  of  the 
Committee  (who  are  all  men  of  Virtue,  &  Zealous  for 
their  Countrys  Good).  The  deplorable  situation  of  The 
Inhabitents,  and  the  fear  of  agravating  the  Enemy  made 
it  precarious  how  to  Act  for  the  Safety  of  the  people.  I 
consulted  with  the  Committee,  and  iinally  on  their  appli- 
cation to  be  Responsable  for  the  I'risoners  future  Ciood 
Conduct,  Delivered  them  up  to  the  town,  wlio  took 
necessary  steps  for  securing  them.  This  was  the  only 
Step  I  could  Do,  even  at  the  Best  tho'  not  known  to 
others,  as  the  Indigent  State  of  this  Post  rendered  it  Im- 
possible for  me  to  secure  such  people.  There  was  a 
Meeting  of  the  whole  Town  but  four  or  five  Absent. 
These  present  Voted  Unanimously  to  do  their  Utmost  to 
op[)Ose  the  Enemy  if  they  came  there.  I  promised  them 
every  Assistance  in  my  power,  dejjending  that  I  should 
soon  be  able  by  assistance  from  the  Westward.  Matters 
appeared  Settled  &  agreeable  for  the  Present.  I  returned 
to  :Machias.  But  on  the  24'"  the  British  Ship  Tho  Al-' 
legence,  of  eighteen  Guns  from  Bagaduce  arrived  there. 
Landed  a  party  of  Men  about  Two  in  the  morning,  at  a 
Village  called  "New  Bristol,'  <!fc  with  the  most  wanton  & 
cruel  agravation.  Burnt  M"'  Beans  &  Cap'Sulivan's  Houses, 
taking  the  Latter  Prisoner.  The  former  was  the  Ilouse 
I  put  up  at.  The  man  &  Avoman  in  an  advanced  age  of 
Life,  the  Latter  Infirm.  Both  of  them  were  often  Threat- 
ened to  be  Laid  in  the  Pile.  Not  permited  to  have 
sufficient  cloths  to  Secure  them  from  the  Inclemency  of 


'  This  place  has  since  been  known  as  Sullivan.  They  carried  off  Capt. 
Sullivan,  brother  c*"  Gen.  Sullivan,  and  confined  him  in  the  dreadful  prison 
in  New  York,  where  he  died.  His  descendants  are  now  among  the  most 
respectable  inhabitants  in  that  place. 

37 


w 


290 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


the  weather.  Thus  a  family  in  the  moBt  aflhieiit  circum- 
stances in  a  new  Country  kcndcrod  nuHorable  by  Those 
Bloody  wretches.  I  shall  not  Trouble  your  lOxcellenoy 
with  more  particnilars  of  This.  Your  own  PrinciploH  of 
ITnnnuiity  will  point  out  their  CalaniitiouH  Situation. 
The  27'"  I  Received  the  Express,  it  Soeni'd  to  Htrikc  a 
I'anic  thro'  the  Country,  nor  was  it  in  my  power  to  give 
any  assistance,  any  further  than  by  promises  to  En(!0\u'age 
them  to  persevorcnce.  Several  proposed  nuiking  retalia- 
tion on  the  Torys,  which  I  discountenanced  for  the  present, 
only  to  stand  upon  the  defencive. 

The  Ship  conniiitted  several  other  Depredations,  plun- 
dered several  jieople  &  threatened  Kuin  to  every  one,  who 
any  way  opponed  their  Taking  off  Lumber.  Lieut  Col° 
Cam|»bell  mustered  what  militia  he  coidd  Raise.  But  the 
scarcity  of  Every  necessary  rendered  it  impossible  to  con- 
tinue any  tinui;  at  Present  all  Still,  but  expect  Every 
Hour  to  Hear  of  British  Vessels  Taking  ott"  Lumber. 

About  Three  wrecks  ago  a  Sloop  armed,  arrived  at 
Gouldsborough  with  Falmouth  papers  on  Board,  and  a 
forged  passport  from  the  Commanding  officer  for  Tioards. 
She  was  Loaded  &  the  money  paid,  lias  since,  I  under- 
stand, been  taken  by  an  American  Privateer. 

There  is  much  Confusion  now  in  the  Country  in 
Respect  to  Nutrality.  Some  late  advices  Brought  from 
Boston  that  it  would  be  Comply''  with  if  Requested,  has 
sett  some  Districts  much  upon  the  waverii-g  Hand.  I  did 
not  put  much  Dependence  for  some  time,  but  Lieut  Col" 
Campbell  Liforms  me,  that  by  the  Influence  &  persuasion 
of  some,  most  of  the  people  will  fall  in  with  it  not  knowing 
the  natui'C  and  meaning  of  such  a  State,  nor  concerning 
the  Consequences  should  it  be  permitted.  I  presume 
something  will  be  mentioned  at  the  Head  of  government 
Respecting  This  when  I  doubt  not  suitable  Steps  will  bo 
taken  as  are  best  for  the  Public  Utility.     It  appears  certain 


Mainb  and  Nova  Scotia. 


291 


that  the  Self  Intcrostod  &  Tories  thro'  tl»e  Country  nro 
Detorrainod  to  Grasp  ut  every  straw  rather  than  give  up 
the  Connection  with  the  Brifains,  if  thoy  fail  will  Kn- 
deavor  to  Bring  others  into  Disgrace  witli  Themselves,  or 
be  supposed  to  be  Friendly.  Last  week  a  British  Ten 
gun  Schooner  came  to  Narragnagus  &  took  a  schooner 
which  Col°  Jones  &  some  others  came  from  Boston  in, 
and  carryod  her  to  Bagaduce,  whore  I  understood  Ho 
and  some  others  have  since  gone  to  Endeavor  to  get  her 
Back.  It  is  surprising  that  this  Vessell  should  be  taken 
only,  when  there  was  another  belonging  to  Cap'  Walice  of 
the  Militia,  who  has  upon  all  occations  been  active  & 
forward  in  Defending  the  Country  &  a  man  of  Property. 
The  other  had  a  Permitt  from  Mo  wet. 

This  is  the  way  they  have  managed  for  some  time  and 
under  a  Cloak  of  being  distressed  has  kept  the  Country  in 
Confusion  &  Trouble  to  carry  on  tlioir  own  Intrigues. 

Since  my  Last  to  your  Excellency  several  Indian 
Familys  have  arrived  at  I'assamaquody  from  St  Johns. 
On  my  Return  from  Frenchmans  bay,  I  Dispatclied  off  the 
Priest  &  Lieut  Delesdernier  to  celebrate  Lent,  who  re- 
turned in  Eight  days. 

They  found  every  Thing  agreeable  &  friendly,  only  tlie 
great  want  of  provisions.  I  have  furnished  them  with  Con- 
siderable Ammunition.  They  Rely  upon  Something  which 
Keeps  up  their  Spirits.  And  your  Excellency  may  rest 
assured  by  the  Last  of  April  a  very  Considerable  Body 
will  be  Ready  for  any  matter  they  may  be  Commanded  to  do. 

Your  Excellency  would  see  by  my  Last  the  State  of  the 
wiiole  Department  as  I  have  Received  no  assistance  since. 
It  maybe  easily  Conjectured  what  our  present  Situation  is; 
But  it  may  be  Depended  upon,  that  every  Exertion  in  my 
power  shall  be  used  to  Secure  the  Country  &  the  Interests 
of  the  Indians. 

I  have  the  Honour  &c. 


•fill 


292         Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


On  Indian  Matters. 

Indian  Eastern  Department 

Machias  June  4^^  1782. 
Sir. 

My  Last  winch  I  had  the  ITonoiir  of  writing  your  Excel- 
lency was  of  the  26*  March,  wherein  I  mentioned  my 
Intention  of  removing  among.the  Indians.  On  preparing 
for  my  departure  some  difficulty  arising  in  this  place 
which  had  a  Tendency  of  giving  advantage  to  the  Enemy 
in  their  pursuits  for  this  country,  and  not  being  ahle  to 
procure  Common  necessarys  for  Suhsistence,  I  proposed 
going  until  I  received  Intelligence  and  Supplys,  and  Dis- 
patched awaj'  my  two  Eldest  sons  among  the  Indians,  as 
pledges  between  us  for  the  present.  A  few  days  ago 
arrived  an  Express  from  the  Lidians  on  St  Johns,  with 
strings  of  Wampum,  to  know  what  is  Intended  by  the 
Americans  &  French  with  them,  and  to  agree  upon  a  Gen' 
Conference  somewhere  hctween  this  &  St  Johns.  By  them 
I  received  Intelligence  that  about  200  men  with  Ten  pieces 
of  Cannon  and  Two  mortars,  with  large  Supplys  were 
arrived  at  Fort  How  &  landed,  also  Two  Ships  of  War 
and  Four  other  armed  Vessels.  By  Information  I  have 
had  previous  to  this,  with  a  further  confirmation  of  the 
news,  I  amagine  the  enemy  Intends  fortifying  different 
places  on  St  Johns,  to  keep  an  cjeu  Communication  that 
way,  as  allso  to  Extend  to  some  of  the  Rivers  on  Passama- 
quody  for  the  purpose.  Twelve  days  ago  an  express 
arrived  from  Quebec  brings  Intelligence  that  they  Avere 
Constantly  fortifying  the  Diff '  posts  on  the  river  St  Law- 
rence. Gen'  Haldiman  was  gone  from  Quebec  to  Montreal. 
Five  weeks  ago  arrived  here  from  Halifax  a  Young 
Gentleman,  a  Subject  of  the  Empereur  of  Germany.  It 
appears  he  has  been  Traveling  on  Speculation ;  came 
trom  England  to  Canada.     By  the  Papers  I  have  in  pos- 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


293 


session  he  appears  to  have  the  greatest  recommendation, 
has  been  as  far  as  Detroit  on  Lake  Erie ;  was  Employd  in 
some  matters  military  under  Direction  of  Gen'  Ilaldiman, 
but  on  becoming  Acquainted  with  affairs  of  America,  and 
Detesting  the  Ilorid  proceedings  of  the  Britains  in  Mas- 
sacreing  the  Inhabitants  (which  he  was  an  Eye  Witness  to 
at  Detroit)  with  some  other  reasons.  He  left  Quebec  Last 
fall  &  by  various  methods  got  thro'  by  St  Johns  to  Nova 
Scotia,  from  thence  Bro't  he  •  by  some  Accadians  of  Capo 
Sable.  He  wants  much  to  get  Westward,  but  ifraid  of 
being  taken.  As  no  Suitable  opportunity  offers  &  not 
Liclining  to  Let  him  proceed  without  Some  person  going, 
who  will  see  him  safe  in  Boston,  I  shall  detain  him  for  the 
present.  I  shall  not  Trouble  further  respecting  our  Situa- 
tion, as  your  Excellency  must  know  of  it.  But  think  it  my 
Duty  to  acquaint  you,  that  for  want  of  necessarys  and 
supplys,  it  is  not  in  my  Power  to  Secure  the  Interests  of 
the  Indians,  nor  to  prevent  the  Enemy  from  taking  posses- 
sion of  this  place  &  other  parts  of  the  Country;  should 
they  attempt  it  with  a  very  small  force.  That  an  open 
communication  and  correspondence  with  Bagaduce,  Nova 
►Scotia  &  St  Johns,  by  the  Inhabitants  in  these  parts  are 
growing  Every  day  and  countenanced  by  Every  ranque 
thro'  the  Country. 


nl 


Sir. 


Mission  of  the  3Iicmaes  J-  Indian  Troubles. 

Machias  Aug  22'"^  1782. 


I  do  myself  the  Honour  of  Informing  Your  Excellency 
that  in  consequence  of  my  determination  &  agreement 
with  the  Indians,  as  soon  as  supplys  arrived  I  proceeded 
Eastward  to  pursue  the  Business  of  my  agency.     I  had  a 


294 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


coiiferonce  with  the  Passamaquody  &  some  of  the  St. 
Johns  Tribe  near  the  liiver  St  Croix.  In  answer  to  the 
speech  I  made  them  (particularly  the  St  Johns)  they 
signifyd  much  surprise  at  the  Difficultys  which  arise  in 
supporting  the  Department,  after  they  had  continued  so 
long  for  the  Defence  of  the  Country.  It  appears  they 
have  from  time  to  time,  been  fully  Informed  of  the 
obstacles  and  obstructions  in  procuring  necesssarys  for  the 
Subsistence  of  the  persons  in  the  Imploy,  &  indeed  the 
Report  has  Extended  thro'  Nova  Scotia  &  every  transaction 
is  as  well  known  in  Halifax  as  Boston ;  to  conclude  with 
them,  from  the  Indigent  State  of  matters  this  way,  the 
Ilorid  &  Villianous  conduct  of  Traders  towards  them, 
the  whole  of  the  St  Johns  Tribe  have  come  to  a  determi- 
nation to  Remove  immediately  to  that  River ;  some  of  the 
Passamaquodys  have  gone  to  Canada  &  the  rest  gone  on 
the  Lakes.  As  I  could  give  them  no  other  Encouragement 
I  was  determined  to  continue  myself  as  near  them  as  my 
safety  would  permit,  to  advise  &  consult  during  my  stay 
in  the  service.  On  the  IS"*  arrived  at  my  Quarters,  Michel 
Augustine,  Chief  of  the  Village  of  Enechebucto  a  Princi- 
pal Sachem  of  the  Micmac  Tribe,  allso  a  Chief  of  Cape 
Briton  with  other  young  men,  the  former  well  known  in 
Nova  Scotia  for  his  sagacity  as  a  Politician  &  abilitys  as  a 
Warrior.  The  business  they  are  upon  is  to  know  the  cer- 
tainty of  news  &  the  State  of  matters  between  America  & 
France ;  as  also  to  make  Complaint  against  the  Small 
Boats  for  Plundering  the  Traders  that  Live  among  them. 
"  They  say  they  woud  Rather  choose  to  trade  with  the 
Americans  than  the  English,  if  any  came  among  them 
woud  defend  them  against  the  English  to  the  Last,  but 
necessity  compells  them  to  trade  with  somebody,  and 
before  their  Kyes,  have  seen  property  themselves  had  a 
right  to,  taken  away,  but  from  a  Principle  of  Friendship 
to  America  has  made  no  opposition.     The  Conduct  of  this 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


296 


Chief  and  the  Villages  under  his  Immediate  Care,  is  well 
known  to  many  Itesides  myself,  during  the  "Wavr,  in  oppos- 
sing  k  threatening  upon  all  occations  the  British  Govern- 
ment when  attempting  to  Employ  the  Indians  &,  do  much 
in  his  Zeal,  that  even^in  that  Country  where  the  Britons 
have  the  Preeminance,  no  Trader  dares  go  among  them, 
who  does  not  Express  Sentiments  in  favor  of  America.  I 
transmit  this  account  to  your  Excellency  at  the  Request  o^ 
the  Chief  It  lyes  with  Government  to  Judge  &  order 
what  is  right.  I  woud  only  observe  that  had  the  Indians 
followed  the  Example  of  these  Plunderers  &  Illicit  Traders 
(many  of  whome  takes  turnes  alternatly  in  pursuing  hotli 
Methods  as  opportunity  oilers  for  gain),  the  whole  Eastern 
Country  as  well  as  Nova  Scotia,  would  very  probahly  be 
in  a  State  of  Ruin  &  desolation  or  Lost  to  the  States.  The 
Indians  being  desirous  of  hearing  &  seeing  all  Machias 
possible,  I  concluded  to  accompany  them  to  Machias  which 
is  the  cause  of  my  being  here  at  present.  Shall  Return  to- 
morrow towards  St  Johns  were  I  shall  continue  until 
Business  will  permit  my  going  Westward. 

Your  Excellency  (by  your  Letter  of  the  8"*  Ult°  which  I 
had  the  Honour  to  Receive)  appears  to  be  against  my 
going  Westward  at  this  Juncture.  I  trust  at  the  same 
time  your  Excellency  will  be  pleased  to  Consider  my 
Situation.  On  my  private  Business  shall  be  silent.  "Woud 
only  observe  as  a  Public  officer  the  great  &  Extensive 
Business  I  am  Intrusted  witli.  The  Various  Demands 
which  necessarily  attends  it  requires  more  supplys  and 
more  Regular.  I  am  satisfyd  with  what  Ever  government 
is  pleased  to  Send  &  Shall  use  every  Economy. 

But  your  Excellency  must  bo  sencible,  that  I  have  only 
received  Bread  &  meat  for  25  men  for  two  months  &  50 
Bushels  Corn  since  Last  March  for  the  whole  business. 
I  have  daily  Employ**  what  consumes  20  Rations  besides 
Contingcncys.     I  have  to  attend  at  the  Several  Villiages 


296 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


of  Indians  to  whom  I  am  obliged  to  give  something.  But 
not  to  trouble  your  Excellency  more,  will  only  take  the 
Liberty  to  say  that  its  a  matter  impossible  for  me  to  persue 
the  business  agreeable  to  the  orders  of  Congress  in  this 
Situation.  I  am  very  unhappy  for  the  uneasy ness  Given 
Your  Excellency  in  drawing  two  orders  for  some  supplys. 
Absolute  necessity  to  prevent  fatal  consequences  was  the 
.  cause.  I  presumed  for  the  Reasons  Given  that  it  woud 
have  been  coniplyd  with,  as  it  is  not,  I  Submit  and  Rest 
contented  &  shall  not  give  further  Trouble  in  such  Matters. 
Your  Excellency  by  this  may  know  the  Situation  of  this 
Post,  and  How  farr  I  am  able  to  pursue  the  Indians 
Business,  must  there  fore  Request  two  months  Rations  for 
25  men,  2  Barrels  Powder,  600  wht  Ball  &  500  Flints,  as 
the  Least  I  can  demand  for  Immediate  use.  A  vessel  which 
this  goes  by  will  sail  from  Newbury  in  a  Short  time  by 
whom  1  wish  to  Receive  these  articles. 

Having  no  Correspondent  or  agent  in  Boston,  your 
Excellency  will  please  Excuse  the  Liberty  I  take  in  Re- 
questing that  whoever  may  have  the  direction  of  furnishing 
supplys  ma}'  be  urged  to  send  it  Expeditiously. 

By  this  opportuiny  goes  M"  Lacour  the  Gentleman  I 
formerly  mentioned  who  came  from  Nova  Scotia.  During 
his  stay  here  he  has  been  very  active  &  serviceable  in  the 
Business  of  the  Department.  No  doubt  your  Excellency 
will  have  him  Examined  which  I  presume  may  be  ne- 
cessary. 

I  have  the  Honor  &c. 

J.  Allan. 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


297 


A  Document  found  in  Possession  of  the  Passamaquoddy  Indians. 

The  Chiefs,  Sachems  &  Captains  of  the  Mcresheeto  Tribe 
of  Indians,  and  St  Andrews,  Pat^samaquoddy. 


} 


Boston,  Febij  23'' ,  1784. 

Eastern  Indian  Department 
OF  THE  U.  S.  OF  America. 

To  the  Chiefs,  Captains  and  Young  men  of  the  several 
tribes  of  Indians  in  the  Eastern  Department  of  the 
United  States,  settled  at  Passamaquoddy  &  its  Vicinity. 

Brothers:  "With  pleasure  do  I  now  take  my  pen  to 
Lett  you  know  of  what  has  passed,  since  I  see  you ;  what 
may  be  Expected,  &  to  Inquire  of  your  health  &  welfare. 
I  salute  you  with  a  heart  of  atfection,  wishing  you,  your 
"Women  &  Children,  Health,  Peace,  Comfort  &  prosperity. 

Brothers  :  I  have  Transmitted  to  Congress  the  Great 
Council  of  this  Nation,  your  last  Speech,  ari  well  as  what 
passed  at  our  several  Conferences,  when  last  at  Passama- 
quoddy :  they  received  it  with  glad  hearts,  &  expect  every 
Hour  an  answer,  which  will  be  delivered  you  Early  in  the 
Spring.  Also  the  Great  Council  of  the  Massachusetts, 
and  all  your  Brothers  Westward,  has  a  Love  and  Regard 
for  you.  They  feel  the  Affection  of  Brothers,  desires  and 
wishes  nothing  but  your  Welfare,  that  you  may  Enjoy  all 
your  Heights  &  I*rivileges  in  as  full  &  ample  a  manner  as 
any  of  your  Brother  Citizens  of  the  United  States ;  and 
are  determined  to  see  Justice  done  in  your  Claims,  as  far 
as  is  Consistant  with  their  Power  &  Authority. 

Brothers  :  The  despute  which  appears  among  several 
persons  at  Passamaquoddy,  respecting  the  Lines  between 
the  United  States  and  Nova  Scotia,  I  have  to  acquaint 
you  that  it  is  not  the  Intention  of  the  Chief  Rulers  of 
America  to  Claim  any  property  Authenticated,  nor  does  it 

38 


iir. 


298 


Revolutionary  OrERATioNS  in  Eastern 


appear  the  Rulers  of  Great  Britian  desire  otherwise  than 
to  have  it  immediately  settled.  It  is  Intended  on  our  part 
to  have  Commissioners  for  the  purpose  of  settling  those 
things  Early  in  the  Spring.  Therefore  you  have  my 
advice  &  directions  to  pursue  your  Suits  on  the  Several 
Streems  as  usual,  without  giving  yourself  any  Trouble. 
Take  no  notice  of  what  may  be  said  to  you  Respecting 
these  Matters,  by  Persons  which  may  come  among  you, 
not  authorized  by  both  nations  for  the  purpose,  but  wait 
Quiet  &  Peaceable,  minding  only  your  several  Employ- 
ments for  the  support  of  your  familys,  untill  the  Commis- 
sioners Empowered  by  the  United  States  &  Great  Britian 
arrives  on  the  spot  to  ascertain  the  proper  bounderies. 

Brothers  :  Nothing  shall  be  wanting  on  my  part  to  the 
utmost  of  my  power,  to  defend  and  assist  you  in  every 
Just  claim.  It  is  my  wish  &  hearty  Desire  that  you  Enjoy 
every  Blessing.  May  peace  &  happiness  dwell  in  your 
villages  &  success  &  prosperity  in  your  several  Employ- 
ments. 

I  salute  you  all,  Men,  Women  and  Children,  Farewell. 

Jno.  Allan. 

Superintendent  of  Indian  affairs  for  the   United  States  in 
the  Eastern  Department. 


Gen.    Washington's  Letter  to  the  Passamaqaody    Tribe,   the 
Original  of  lohich  is  still  in  their  Possession. 

Brothers  of  Passamaquodia  :  I  am  glad  to  hear  by 
Major  Shaw,  that  you  accepted  the  chain  of  Friendship 
which  I  sent  you  last  February  from  Cambridge,  &  that 
you  are   determined  to  keep  it  bright   and    unbroken. 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


299 


When  I  first  heard  that  you  refused  to  send  any  of  your 
warriors  to  my  assistance  when  called  upon  by  our  brothers 
of  St  John,  I  did  not  know  what  to  think.  I  was  afraid 
that  some  enemy  had  turned  your  hearts  against  me.  But 
I  am  since  informed  that  all  your  young  men  were  em- 
ployed in  hunting,  which  was  the  reason  of  their  not 
comming.  This  has  made  my  mind  easy  and  I  hope  you 
will  always  in  future  join  with  your  brothers  of  St  John  & 
Penobscot  when  required.  I  have  desired  my  brother  the 
Gov'  of  Massachusetts  Bay,  to  pay  you  the  money  which 
Capt  Smitl;  promised  you  for  sending  my  letters  to  the 
Micmack  Indians. 

BiiOTiiERS:  I  have  a  piece  of  news  to  tell  you  which  I 
hope  you  will  attend  to.  Our  enemy,  the  King  of  Great 
Britain,  endeavored  to  stir  up  all  the  Indians  from  Canada 
to  South  Carolina  against  us.  But  our  brethren  of  the  six 
Nations  &  their  allies  the  Sliawanese  &  Delewares  would 
not  hearken  to  the  advice  of  his  Messengers  sent  among 
them,  but  kept  fast  hold  of  the  ancient  covenant  chain. 
The  Cherokees  &  the  Southern  tiibes  were  foolish  enough 
to  listen  to  them  and  take  up  the  hatchet  against  us. 
Upon  this  our  Warriors  went  into  their  country,  burnt 
their  houses,  destroyed  their  corn  and  obliged  them  to  sue 
for  peace  and  give  hostages  for  their  future  good  behavior. 

Now  Brothers  never  let  the  kinu's  wicked  counsellor 
turn  your  hearts  against  me  and  your  brethren  of  this 
country,  but  bear  in  mind  what  I  told  you  last  February 
&  what  I  tell  you  now. 

In  token  of  my  friendship  I  send  you  this  from  my 
army  on  the  banks  of  the  Great  River  Deleware,  this  24th 
day  of  December,  1776. 

George  Washington. 


r   If 


300 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


Beport  and  Ch'der  on  the  Return  of  the  Indians  ivho  had  served 

in  the  Army. 

"The  Memorial  of  Francia  Shaw,  Jr.,  humbly  shows 
that  he  has  arrived  in  tins  town  with  9  of  the  St  John  and 
6  of  the  Penobscot  tribes  of  Indians  that  have  been  en- 
gaged in  the  service  of  the  United  States  &  obtained  leave 
to  return  to  their  homes  &  would  represent  there  is  an 
opportunity  of  sending  the  Penobscots  immediately  home, 
but  cannot  do  so  till  your  Honors  give  an  order  for  their 
being  clothed  as  Gen  Heath  has  promised  &  the  balance  of 
wages  due  paid  them." 

Feby  19tli  1777  an  Order  was  passed  "  That  Francis  Shaw 
Jr.,  procure  a  small  vessel  &  convey  the  St  John  Indians 
home.  And  that  Shaw  proceed  with  the  letters  from  Geu 
Washington,  which  he  has  in  his  care  to  the  Indian 
country,  &  there  deliver  them  &  remain  among  said  Indians 
at  least  six  weeks,  so  as  to  return  home  by  1st  of  July 
next,  &  he  is  hereby  directed  to  use  his  best  exertions  to 
confirm  s*  Indians  in  the  iutrest  of  this  Continent.  He  is 
to  receive  his  present  pay  of  15£  per  mouth  &  shall  rank 
as  a  Major." 

"  The  Committee  on  the  Memorial  of  Francis  Shaw, 
Jr.,  have  considered  the  same  &  beg  leave  to  report  by 
way  of  resolve. 

State  of  Massachusetts  Bay,  1 
In  the  House  of  Representatives  Jany  25  1777.  J 

Resolved.  That  there  be  paid  out  of  the  treasuiy  of  this 
state  seventy  five  pounds  to  Francis  Shaw  Jr.,  to  enable 
him  to  clothe  the  six  Penobscot  Indians  agreeable  to  Gen 
Heaths  promise  to  them  &  also  to  pay  the  balance  of 
wages  due  them  beuig  £39 — 6 —  and  likewise  to  provide 


■;^>i 


Maine  and  N'ova  Scotia. 


801 


provisions  &  pay  their  passage  home,  ho  the  said  Shaw  to 
be  accountable  to  this  court  for  the  expenditure  of  the 
Money  lie  shall  receive,  that  the  Government  shall  be 
charged  for  the  same." 

• 

Nnmes  of  Penobscot  Indians  Commanded  by  Capt  Andrew 

Gillraan. 

Arexcs  IJ  months 
Wongonet  2  months  &  26  days 
Attenenies  Ditto 

Aussong  Neptune  Ditto 
Aussonses  "  Ditto 
Joseph  James  Holet  Do 
Joseph  Cook  a  Mohawk  Do. 


Visit  of  the  Oneida  Indio.ns  to  Boston  and  the  Powder  Mills. 

«  Fehy  19  1777,  In  Council  Chamber. 

Whereas,  The  Rev  Mr  Kirkland  with  Six  Indians  from 
the  Six  Nations  have  come  into  this  State  and  propose 
travelling  to  the  Eastward  &  Southward. 

All  persons  where  they  may  pass  &  repass  are  directed  to 
treat  them  with  respect  that  is  due  to  our  brethren  of  the 
Six  Nations.  And  in  case  they  Visit  any  powder  Mills 
the  powder  Makers  are  directed  to  give  them  all  the 
information  they  are  able  to  respecting  the  making  of 
Powder,  in  order  to  convince  them  that  powder  is  really 
made  in  this  State  &  that  our  powder  is  good,  &  present 
them  with  a  small  sample  of  it."  These  were  of  the 
Oneida  tribe  who  remained  faithful  to  us  through  the  war, 
mainly  through  the  influences  of  their   Missionary  Rev 


302 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


Mr  Kirkland.  This  story  of  our  not  being  able  to  make 
gun  powder,  and  tliat  as  soon  as  the  stock  on  hand  was 
exhausted  we  must  give  up  the  contest,  was  also  circulated 
among  the  Indians  at  the  Eastward  by  the  British  emi- 
saries. 


til 


•If! 


Vai'ious  Items  Extracted  from  the  Massachusetts   Council 

Records. 

"  Aug  6,  1776. 

Petition  of  the  Committee  of  correspondence  Inspection 
and  Safety,  of  Union  River,  in  behalf  of  ourselves  and  our 
Constituents  Humbly  Sheweth  that  we  lay  very  much 
expi)=<od  to  the  Indians.  If  they  should  take  up  arms 
against  us,  which  we  have  great  reason  will  be  the  case. 
If  they  should,  our  circumstances  will  be  shocking,  as  we 
have  not  two  charges  of  powder  to  a  man  although  we 
have  taken  all  ways  in  our  power  to  obtain  it,  yet  have 
not  got  any,  otherwise  we  should  not  have  troubled  your 
honors,  being  resolved  to  be  as  little  burtheusome  to  the 
colony  as  possible,  we  refer  you  to  the  bearer  Capt  Benj 
Milliken  and  your  assistance  in  the  above  will  much 
oblige  your  Humble  servants 

John  Rae, 

James  Davis,  and  others. 


«  Aug  19, 1775. 

The  following  persons  were  appointed  officers  in  the 
company  to  be  raised  in  the  four  Townships,  Goldsborough, 
Narraguagus,  Number  four  [now  Harrington]  and  Pleasant 
River,  for  the  defence  of  the  Sea  coast,  viz  Francis  Shaw 
jr  to  be  Capt.  Edmund  Stevens  to  be  first  Lieutenant  and 
Joseph  Tucker  to  be  second  Lieutenant." 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


808 


"  Sept  10, 1777. 

Lt  Col  Nevers  was  appointed  to  that  office  to  Hcrvc  under 
Col  Allan,  and  ho  was  directed  to  deliver  enliatini!^  orders 
to  Benjamin  Lamont  of  Georgetown  cai)t,  Car  Barker  of 
Pownalborougli  iHt  Lieut,  John  Mathers  of  Thomastown 
2**  Lieut,  Thomas  Butler  of  Georgetown  Ensign,  and  ho 
was  empowered  to  raise  men  in  Walooboro  Warren  & 
Thomastou  and  report  and  receive  orders  from  Col  Allan." 


Extract  from  Journal  of  General  Court  1766. 

"  A  petition  of  the  Inhabitants  of  a  place  called  Machias 
showing  that  when  they  made  their  settlement  they  appre- 
hended it  to  be  crown  lands  and  settled  upon  the  encou- 
ragement of  the  King's  proclamation,  but  have  since  found 
that  it  falls  within  the  bounds  of  this  Province.  And  as 
they  have  been  at  great  pains  &  cost  in  making  improve- 
ments thereon  they  pray  that  they  may  be  incorporated  or 
otherwise  invested  with  the  privilige  of  choosing  officers," 
&c. 


Col.  Allan's  Report  on  the  Indians  of  Maine  and  New  Bruns- 

icick  in  1793. 

The  following  document  in  the  handwriting  of  Col. 
Allan,  but  without  date  or  address,  is  no  doubt  a  copy  of  a 
report  made  to  the  government  of  Massachusetts,  and  was 
written  in  1793,  or  the  following  year.  It  contains  inform- 


,v 


804 


REVOLUTrONAUY  OPERATIONS  IN  EASTERN 


ation  of  Tiiuoh  historical  value  relutivo  to  the  Tiidians  in 
Maine  and  Now  Brunswick,  their  condition  and  numbers 
at  that  period,  as  well  as  a  recognition  of  their  services 
and  fidelity  to  the  United  States  during  the  revolution. 

It  will  bo  remembered  that  about  1703,  the  condition  of 
our  national  affairs  Avith  Kngland  wasfj"  '"'"om  satisfactory, 
and  the  best  informed  feared  a  war  wa  aost  unavoida- 
ble. That  government  luid  refused  to  surrender  some  of 
the  forts  according  to  treaty,  and  their  continually  furnish- 
ing the  western  tribes  with  arms  and  influoncing  them 
to  hostilities  on  our  western  nettlemonts  had  caused  a  strong 
feeling  throughout  the  country. 

In  addition  to  all  this,  the  defeat  of  (len.  St.  Clair  by  the 
Indians,  and  the  poor  success  of  other  detachments  wliich 
were  sent  against  them,  occasioned  people  who  resided 
near  any  of  the  tribes  to  fear  their  vengeance.  It  is  not 
unlikely  that  this  paper  may  have  induced  the  legislature 
of  Massachusetts  to  make  the  treaties  '-ith  the  Passama- 
quoddies  and  Penobscots,  by  which  tl  "mer  tribe  were 
secured  in  possession  of  Pleasant  Poiui.,  i  Eastport;  the 
islands  above  tide  water  in  the  St.  Croix,  and  also  a  good 
township  of  land  on  the  lower  Schoodic  lake  on  which 
a  considerable  part  of  the  tribe  now  reside. 

The  Penobscots  were  also  secured  in  the  possession  of 
some  townships  of  land,  and  the  large  island,  the  home  of 
the  tribe,  a  dozen  miles  above  Bangor,  as  also  all  the 
islands  in  the  river  above  that  place.  It  is  supposed  that 
the  numbers  of  both  these  tribes  is  now  much  larger  than 
during  the  revolution.  A  census  taken  within  a  few  years 
shows  them  to  be  about  equal,  each  having  just  about 
five  hundred  persons.  They  both  retain  their  original 
language,  and  many  of  their  ancient  customs.  The  Passa- 
maquoddies  were  originally  a  part  of  the  St.  John  or 
Marasheet  tribe,  and  their  dialect  is  still  nearly  identical, 
l)ut  not  80  diflereut  from  the  Penobscot,  but  they  can 


L.Si.- 


Fn; 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


805 


convcrao  frocly  together.  The  Micmacs  are  still  numerous 
in  Nova  Scotia,  and  although  they  seem  to  often  affiliate 
with  their  neighhours  upon  the  St.  .John,  tiiuy  are  of  an 
entirely  distinct  race,  and  their  language  has  no  aifinity 
whatever. 


Col.  Allan's  Report  on  the  Indian  Tribes,  in  1798. 

From  a  misapprehension  of  people  in  general  in  this 
country  respecting  Indians,  before  we  enter  upon  the 
present  state  of  those  in  tlio  eastern  country,  it  maj'  be 
necessary  in  a  summary  maimer  to  bring  into  view  their 
situation  &  eonmiunication,  one  with  another,  making 
such  other  observations  as  may  give  a  competent  Idea  of 
them. 

On  tl  ■  river  Penobscot  whtch  lies  within  our  settle- 
ments, ti  ''e  may  bo  at  present  fifty  or  sixty  families.  The 
river  runs  'ward  C  anada,  an  easy  carrying  place  from  its 
Source  to  the  river  St  Lawrence  below  Quebec,  on  which 
is  a  small  Indian  fort,  for  the  Security  of  such  supplys  as 
may  be  laid  in,  &  to  keep  up  a  correspondence  between 
this  tribe  &  the  Indians  in  Canada;  the  person  who  has 
the  care  of  it  is  in  British  pay.  From  Penobscot  Easterly 
there  is  a  communication  by  water,  extending  near  the 
westerly  branch  of  Schoodic,  the  carrying  place,  short, 
easy  and  a  good  path.  You  then  run  tlu'o'  a  chain  of 
Lakes  imtill  the  waters  discharge  into  the  sea  at  Passama- 
quoddy.  These  Lakos  I  conceive  lie  at  the  head  of  all  the 
llivers  as  far  Westward  as  Union  River.  Most  of  them  I 
know  have  carrying  places  from  their  source  to  the  Lake. 
On  the  Lakes  you  will  find  numbers  of  Indians  from 
Canada,  St  Johns,  Penobscut,  &  the  Mickmack  Country, 

39 


^-1 


806 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


pursuing  tlieir  several  employments  agreeable  to  the  sea- 
sons. Some  constant  residents,  &  many  of  them  for  years 
not  seen  on  the  sea  coast,  being  perpetually  on  the  move. 
You  may  pass  one  day  and  see  only  some  scattering  wig- 
wams, and  the  next  observe  Villages.  From  Penobscot  to 
Passamaquoddy  I  supp.oe  it  is  about  One  hundred  & 
Twenty  miles. 

The  Passamaquoddy  Tribe  which  by  marriages  &  Other 
Connections  have  removed  to  differ. nit  parts,  does  not 
Exceed  Thirty  resident  families ;  but  the  great  advantage 
in  fishing,  fowling,  conveniences,  pleasant  situation  &  the 
easy  access  to  the  sea,  from  all  parts  by  the  Rivers  which 
disembogue  into  the  Bay,  great  numbers  resort  from  all 
quarters  &  by  the  many  Islands  &  Inlets  "Which  are  in- 
terspersed round  that  Extensive  Bay;  many  families  have 
been  known  to  reside  for  months  with  out  being  seen  by 
the  white  Inhabitants.  On  entering  Schoodic  twenty 
miles  from  Salt  water,  you  come  to  the  crotch  where  the 
Western  &  Eastern  branch  meet.  Pursuing  the  Latter  you 
find  an  Other  chain  of  Lakes  extending  towards  Mag- 
gaudavick  [the  ancient  St  Croix]  &  St  Johns ;  from  these 
lakes  run  a  number  of  streams,  Avithiu  a  short  distance  to 
the  river  St  Johns,  some  of  the  carrying  places  not  exceed- 
ing two  miles;  in  this  branch  you  may  Find  Indians 
situated  as  on  the  Other  branch ;  the  latterly  I  uudei'stand 
not  so  constant,  but  on  the  river  Maggaudavic  many  make 
it  their  home. 

The  river  St  Johns  is  extensive  both  to  its  source,  as 
the  many  Lakes  and  streams,  which  discharge  into  it. 
The  number  of  Indians  settled  on  the  several  parts  from 
all  quarters  are  Indefinite.  The  Chief  tribe  is  called 
Marasheett  who  occupy  an  ancient  Village  ninety  miles  up 
the  river  [probably  Aukpaque].  From  this  to  above  the 
great  Falls  One  hundred  and  twenty  miles  forther  is  an 
Other  large  Village  called  Maddawasca.     When  the  waters 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


807 


are  up  Spring  and  Fall,  a  canoe  can  go  to  a  carrying  place, 
within  three  miles  of  the  river  St  Lawrence;  but  the 
common  communication  by  Land  is  about  Thirty  miles, 
where  there  is  a  good  road  for  horses.  The  facility  of 
passing  to  &  from  Canada,  is  such  that  I  have  in  the  War 
rec**  letters  at  Maehias  the  6*  day  from  a  Priest  (with 
whom  I  corresponded)  only  60  miles  below  Quebec,  &  the 
Lidians  have  told  me,  when  the  stream  was  rapid  they 
have  delivered  letters  to  the  French  commanding  Officer 
at  the  mouth  of  St  John,  in  four  days  from  Quebec.  From 
Passamaquoddy  to  St  J  hns  in  a  straight  line  is  about 
Sixty  miles. 

There  are  several  routes  from  St  John  thro'  the  Mick- 
mack  country  extending  near  the  bay  Chaleurs.  The 
principal  is  the  great  lake  so  call'd,  a  stream  from  which 
runs  within  three  miles  of  the  river  Merrimichi  about 
Seventy  miles  from  the  entrance.  The  Course  of  this 
river  I  think  is  about  W.  S.  W.,  the  mouth  emties  in  the 
Gulph  St  Lawrence,  fifty  Leagues  N.  jS".  W.  from  the 
Isthmus  of  Nova  Scotia  laying  on  the  bay  Verte.  On  this 
river  is  a  great  and  wealthy  tribe,  many  warriors  among 
them.  Between  this  &  the  bay  Verte  are  several  rivers, 
on  each  of  them  are  Villages  of  Lidiahs,  and  they  hffve 
easy  Conveyances  by  land  to  the  great  Lake  of  St  Johns. 
From  Merrimichi  northward  the  carrying  place  does  not 
exceed  fifteen  miles,  into  the  bay  Chaleurs,  at  the  head  of 
which  is  the  river  Rastigouchi.  The  tribe  here  may  be 
truly  call'd  respectable,  as  to  numbers,  wealth  and  Intre- 
pidity. This  concludes  the  boundarys  of  the  Mickmack 
Country  that  way ;  only  observing  that  there  arc  numbers 
of  Indian?,  in  every  river  on  the  peninsular  of  Nova  Scotia, 
between  the  bay  Verte  &  the  gut  of  Canso.  Most  of  the 
Indians  of  Cape  Sable  shore  have  removed  to  these  rivers 
and  Cape  Breton. 

A  correspondence  &   intercourse  have  been  open'd  a 


^f\\-., 


308 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


long  time,  thro'  the  several  tribes,  Viz,  from  Penobscot 
St  Francis  in  Canada  &  the  whole  of  the  Mickmac  Country 
as  far  as  Chaleiirs.  Dm'ing  the  last  French  war  the 
Indians  being  called  in  from  difl'erent  parts  for  the  defence 
of  Louisbourg,  Canada  &c.,  an  acquaintance  became  more 
General,  &  I  can  assert  ^rom  authority,  that  an  Indian  can 
hardly  be  found  past  30  years  of  age  but  is  acquaint'd  and 
known  within  this  circle.  The  very  easy  conveyance  by 
the  Lakes,  rivers  and  Streams  so  Interspersed  in  this 
Country,  they  can  easy  take  their  women  children  &  bag- 
gage, where  ever  their  Interest,  Curiosity,  or  caprice  may 
lead  them,  &  their  natural  propensity  for  roving  is  such 
that  you  will  see  families  in  the  course  of  a  year  go  thro' 
the  greatest  part  of  this  extent.  This  of  course  brings  on 
a  nearer  Connection  by  Inter  marriages  which  is  now 
become  universal,  particular  as  far  as  Merrimichi  &  St 
Francis,  so  much  that  I  well  know  that  numbers  which  I 
had  in  the  War  are  now  residents  in  Canada  &  other 
distant  parts,  and  many  from  thence  are  now  Living  at  St 
Johns,  Penobscot  &  Passamaquoddy. 

Thus  connected  there  appears  no  distinction  in  the 
right  of  the  several  hunting  grounds,  for  all  by  some  tie  or 
other  have  an  equal  claim,  are  fully  domesticated  as  if 
natives  of  the  district.  The  Same  privalidges  are  observed 
in  council,  in  peace  or  war,  whether  in  a  local  or  general 
assembly,  the  result  you  will  hear  of  at  a  most  distant 
part  in  a  short  time.  This  I  have  often  known  myself 
from  an  assembly's  even  above  Montreal,  during  the  late 
war. 

From  this  cursory  View,  it  may  be  seen  how  easily  the 
Conveyance  between  them  is,  particularly  from  Canada, 
to  our  eastern  settlements  &  the  affinity  &  connection 
among  the  Indians  thro'  this  Extensive  tract.  I  assert 
this  from  my  own  knowledge  by  a  long  acquaintance  & 
frequent  interviews  before  the  revolution,  having  been  in 


f-*a4„ 


Maine  and  !N"ova  Scotia. 


309 


late 


every  Indian  Settlement  (Canada  excepted),  which  are 
hei'e  mentioned.  [This  shows  that  Col  Allan  mnst  have 
been  an  Indian  trader  and  in  part  accounts  for  his  great 
influence  over  them.] 

It  may  be  assured  there  v/ill  be  no  permanent  settle- 
ment made  with  any  one  tribe,  without  the  sentiments  & 
dispositions  of  the  other  are  known;  &  tho'  it  happens 
some  time  when  there  is  an  object  of  consequence  in  view, 
some  Villages  from  xocal  circumstances,  situation  &  policy 
may  not  consent  as  a  tribe,  individuals  will  Join  the 
aeting  power.  Thus  it  has  happened  when  tribes  have 
been  challenged  for  committing  hostilities,  they  will  pro- 
test against  it&  disavow  any  such  Intentions,  when  probable 
the  evil  arose  from  the  assistance  given  by  a  few  Individu- 
als of  their  own  tribe. 

It  may  be  noticed  by  the  foregoing,  how  uninformed 
most  people  even  in  the  Eastern  country  are  in  regard  to 
the  number  &  situation  of  the  Indians.  Seeing  a  few, 
poor.  Indolent  &  drunken  fellows  attending  about  stores 
and  places  where  they  can  procure  liquor,  a  contemptible 
opiiiion  is  formed  of  the  whole.  It  has  been  also  observed 
that  unlike  the  Western  Indians  these  will  never  pursue 
those  Savage  customs  &  from  a  long  attachment  will  not 
injure  us.  This  is  a  dangerous  and  presumptions  assertion. 
I  know  them  too  well  to  risk  life  or  prop>^rty  on  such  a 
desperate  and  precarious  foundation.  The  greatest  task  I 
had  (Turing  the  late  war  was  to  restrain  them  from  acts  of 
cruelty,  &  only  by  close  attention,  persuation  &  Example 
brought  them  in  a  degree  to  a  habit  of  humanity.  For 
they  are  always  anxious  to  follow  some  Violent  or  despe- 
rate course  agreeable  to  their  ancient  Custom.  I  believe 
take  them  in  a  body  or  by  particular  tribes  (as  before 
observed)  they  would  not  consent  Officially,  but  I  am  con- 
vinced a  number  of  Individuals  are  always  ready,  when 
the  least  encouragement  is  given  to  form  in  small  parties  & 


310 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


scatter  about  the  Country.  Should  they  not  kill  or  destroy, 
they  will  take  such  methods  as  greatly  to  intimidate  & 
distress  the  Inhabitants.  But  what  must  be  the  danger 
when  it  is  considered  that  the  whole  country  Eastward  of 
Penobscot  are  withdrawn  &  supported  "ithin  the  British 
lines  exasperated  by  the  neglect  &  Inati  tion  of  the  United 
States,  Subjected  to  the  Influence  and  perpetual  Insinu- 
ations of  those  under  the  Influence  of  Lord  Dorchester.  I 
have  the  least  to  dread  myself  of  danger  from  them,  but 
when  such  combinations  of  Inducements,  sanctioned  & 
encouraged  by  Ecclesiastical  authority  &  Indulgence,  the 
most  Esteemed  Friend  cannot  be  safe,  which  by  Fatal 
experience  has  taken  place  in  Nova  Scotia. 

I  shall  not  attempt  briefly  to  notice  the  different  trans- 
actions and  opperations  with  the  Indians,  from  the  com- 
mencement of  the  revolution  which  have  come  within  my 
knowledge.  Before  my  leaving  ISTova  Scotia  in  1776,  it 
was  suggested  by  some  persons  in  Government,  to  Encou- 
rage the  Indians  to  take  an  active  part  against  the  United 
States,  as  a  check  upon  the  Inhabitants  of  the  Province)  a 
great  proportion  of  whom  were  attached  +0  the  Interest  of 
America),  &  to  aid  &  Influence  the  Indians  more  West- 
ward  to  harass  &  disturb  the  Eastern  settlements  of 
Massachusetts  so  as  to  annex  these  parts  to  that  Colony. 
In  consequence  of  this  I  dispatched  couriers  to  the  difterent 
Villages  thro'  the  Mickmack  Country,  and  previous  to  my 
departure,  met  a  large  body,  among  them  were  deputies 
from  St  Johns  &  other  parts  adjacent.  A  long  &  tedious 
conference  took  place  &  a  satisfactory  explanation  given  of 
the  dispute  between  America  &  Britain.  It  was  then 
concluded  by  a  lengthy  speech  from  them  &  a  solemn 
declaration  made  that  if  from  situation  and  distance  they 
could  not  assist,  they  would  not  injure  or  molest  the 
Americans.  A  chief  from  Merrimichi  spoke  for  the 
whole,  they  were  all  as  one,  no  distinction  made  between 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


311 


the  difterent  tribes.  Being  conipeled  to  leave  that  country 
suddenly,  the  business  was  soon  communicated  to  the 
Council  at  Boston.  Mr  Bowdoin,  then  president  of  the 
council,  entered  very  minutely  into  the  particulars,  and 
pressed  my  departure  to  the  Southward.  General  Wash- 
ington approved  of  the  proceedings  &  desired  me  to  lay  it 
Immediately  before  Congress  that  Steps  might  be  taken 
to  retain  their  friendship.  As  the  nature  &  Extent  of  the 
business  was  fully  understood  by  the  Several  official  de- 
partments to  whom  it  was  communicated,  the  agency 
appointed  for  this  purpose  comprehended  the  whole  East- 
ward &  Northward  of  Connecticut  River,  making  no 
exceptions  in  what  Nation  or  Country  the  Indians  resorted. 
Previous  to  my  being  appointed,  there  were  several 
negotiations  by  order  of  the  ^Massachusetts  &  General 
"Washington,  Letters  &  Speeches  are  now  to  be  seen 
among  the  Indians,  &  Great  encouragements  &  promises 
made  them.  In  May,  1777,  I  arrived  on  the  river  St 
Johns,  where  a  number  were  collected.  The  business  was 
communicated  and  myself  accepted  as  an  agent.  We  soon 
had  a  general  meeting  composed  of  deputies  from  ditfereut 
parts,  including  the  whole  tribes  of  St  Jolms  and  Tassa- 
maquoddy.  It  was  agreed  and  concluded  that  Peace  & 
Friendship  be  now  Established  permanent  &  lasting  be- 
tween the  United  States  &  the  Several  Tribes  that  such  of 
them  as  were  in  the  vicinity  of  the  States  should  inmicdi- 
ately  withdraw  and  assist  in  the  defence  of  the  country, 
which  lay  within  the  Jurisdiction  of  the  United  States. 
That  any  Individual  belonging  to  those  tribes  whose 
Situation  would  not  permit  them  publicly  to  take  an 
active  part  were  admited  to  join  with  those  who  did. 
That  those  employed  should  be  supported  dui'ing  tlieir 
service  &  the  widows  &  children  of  such  as  died  in  the 
time,  to  be  taken  care  of  till  otherwise  provided  for. 
That  they  should  be  for  ever  viewed  as  brothers  &  children, 


r 


u 


I 


312 


Revolutionary  Operations  in'  Eastern 


under  the  Protection  &  Fatherly  care  of  the  United  States 
&  enjoy  every  right  &  priviledge,  according  to  the  dif- 
ference of  setuation  in  proportion  with  others.  They 
should  enjoy  the  free  exercise  of  religion  agreeable  to  their 
profession,  a  clergyman  of  that  denomination  be  furnished 
and  a  suitable  residence  be  provided  for  him,  on  which  a 
place  of  worship  was  to  be  erected.  They  were  to  have  an 
exclusive  right  to  the  beaver  hunt,^  or  if  not  consistent 
with  the  rights  of  others,  necessary  Steps  were  to  be  taken, 
as  to  prevent  a  destruction  of  the  game  &  other  enormities 
conmiited  by  the  white  hunters,  by  which  conduct  a  great 
diminution  of  that  ancient  &  protitable  support  has  been 
the  Consequences.  That  in  times  of  difficulty  k  distress, 
or  by  any  unforseen  calamity  those  who  live  within  the 
Territory  of  the  United  States,  should  be  furnished  with 
ammunition  for  fowling  &c  in  proportion  as  their  ne- 
cessitys  required.  That  trade  was  to  be  so  regulated  as  to 
prevent  imposition,  that  an  agent  should  constantly  reside 
as  near  them  as  possible,  to  whom  they  might  apply  for 
redress,  &  to  assist  in  the  transacting  of  business  among 
the  Inhabitants  &  such  other  necessary  matter  as  their 
situation  required.  These  were  the  principal  objects  at 
this  time,  but  in  the  course  of  the  war,  the  Indians  of  St 
Johns  &  Passamaquoddy,  resigned  to  the  United  States 
their  particular  claim  to  lands  known  to  be  within  their 
haunts,  on  Condition  that  the  United  States  would  con- 
firm to  them  the  ancient  spots  of  ground,  which  they  have 
hitherto  occupied,  &  a  Suitable  tract  for  the  use  of  all 
Indians,  which  might  have  occasion  to  resort  there. 


*  It  would  be  interesting  to  know  at  what  period  the  beaver  became 
extinct  in  the  eastern  part  of  Maine.  It  is  within  tlie  memory  of  the 
writer  and  certainly  as  late  as  1823,  that  beaver  skins  in  considerable 
quantities  were  received  in  Boston,  which  were  purchased  of  the  Passa- 
nnuiuoddies  at  Machias.  The  Indians  say  that  they  were  careful  to  kill 
only  the  old  ones,  but  the  whites  killed  old  and  young,  and  then  they  soon 
became  extuict. 


tmm 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


313 


How  far  these  people  liave  complied  with  their  engage- 
ments our  present  possessions,  Eastward  of  Penobscot 
might  be  a  sufficient  proof,  as  it  is  acknowledg'd  by  all 
acquainted  with  that  country  that  their  assistance  was  a 
principle  support  in  its  defence.  But  in  Justice  to  them  I 
would  take  the  Liberty  to  mention  a  circumstance  among 
many  others,  which  must  evince  the  Zeal  by  which  they 
were  actuated.  Sometime  after  ray  arrival  in  St  Johns  in 
1777,  Lieut.  Gov.  Francklin  British  Superintendent  arrived 
with  a  strong  Land  &  Sea  Force  furnished  with  every 
requisite  to  allure  the  Indians.  Our  quarters  were  within 
Eight  miles.  Only  two  white  persons  remained  with  me. 
Conferences  every  day  alternately  on  both  sides,  &  after 
using  every  Stratagem  &  art  to  gain  them  &  make  me  a 
prisoner,  they  in  a  body  to  the  number  of  128  canoes 
containing  near  Five  hundred  men,  women  &  Children, 
left  the  river  with  me  at  the  End  of  Ten  days,  only  a  few 
families  remaining  to  keep  up  a  claim  &  give  Intelligence, 
when  there  was  not  more  than  a  weeks  provisions  for  the 
whole.  They  left  their  little  plantations  well  improved 
and  a  good  prospect,  with  a  great  part  of  their  cloathing, 
&  after  28  days  Journey  arrived  at  Machias,  suffering  many 
hardships  &  difficulties  by  the  excessive  heats,  and  the 
Lowness  of  the  Streams,  which  greatly  obstructed  the  canoes. 

Their  Zeal  &  attention  during  the  war,  from  the  attempt 
made  by  the  British  under  Sii*  Geo.  Collier,  is  so  well 
known  in  that  Country  that  it  needs  no  coment.  Their 
miiform  conduct  both  in  respect  of  lunuanity,  as  well  as 
submiting  with  patience  under  every  difficulty  was  not 
Inferior  to  the  most  disciplined  troops,  &  even  when 
Imposed  on  at  a  time  of  Intoxication  &  iiecced  of  the 
little  they  had,  they  always  sat  down  contented  and  re- 
signed without  any  appearance  of  resentment  or  malice. 

At  the.  close  of  the  war,  a  circumstantial  account  of  the 
Proceedings  was  laid  before  the  Government  of  Massachu- 

40 


314 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


sotts  &  Congress  &  approved  of  by  them.  As  tlio  consti- 
tution invested  the  Latter  with  the  management  of  Indian 
affairs,  they  of  course  fixed  the  agency  on  a  peace  establish- 
ment which  comprehended  as  l)efore  the  whole  tribes 
Eastward  of  Connecticut  llivcr,  the  phm  adopted  would 
have  prevented  much  trouble  &  expense  and  given  security 
to  the  country,  this  appointment  took  place  in  June,  1783. 
In  September  it  was  communicated  to  the  Indians  in  the 
several  parts,  who  signified  their  Satisfaction.  The  treaty 
of  1777  was  then  confirm''d  &  an  arrangement  for  future 
Conduct.  The  Indians  at  this  time  endeavored  to  prevent 
the  English  from  making  a  Settlement  at  St  Andrews,  & 
did  actually  seize  some  persons,  who  attempted  to  survey 
the  Lands  there. 

In  January,  1784,  it  was  Suggest'd  to  Congress  from 
the  Massachusetts,  that  such  an  appointment  was  improper, 
consequently,  as  no  steps  were  taken  to  contravent  it,  the 
agency  was  dissolved  in  March  following.  From  that  time, 
it  does  not  appear  that  any  notice  has  been  taken  of  them 
to  the  Eastward  of  Penobscot. 

The  Indians  notwithstanding  the  treatment  &  neglect, 
continued  sometime  in  the  vicinity  of  Passamaquoddy 
expecting  when  the  confusion  and  hurry  arrising  from  the 
war  were  subsided,  notice  would  be  taken  of  them ;  but 
nothing  encouraging  coming  to  view  they  began  to  with- 
draw in  small  bodies  to  their  former  Settlements,  destitute 
of  necessaries  to  subsist,  &  of  friends  to  protect  them.  In 
this  indigent  state,  those  of  St  Johns  suffered  mucli  & 
they  felt  the  resentment  of  the  Loyalist,  for  their  attach- 
ment and  assistance  to  the  United  States,  &  For  near  two 
years  wandered  about  from  Place  to  place,  disquieted  & 
unsettled.  They  at  length  began  again  to  embody  &  consult 
more  generally  respecting  their  situation  still  attached  to 
this  country,  they  repeatedly  applj^'d  to  me  for  a  settleme^it 
&  to  procure  a  clergyman,  if  nothing  else  could  be  done.    I 


MAINlil   AND   !^OVA    SCOTIA. 


315 


Evaded  the  business,  they  continued  tlioir  Solicitjitions,  & 
I  finely  gave  tliom  for  answer,  it  was  not  in  my  power,  & 
recommended  to  make  application  themselves  to  the  head 
of  Government;  but  in  January,  1791,  a  message  came 
from  the  Several  Villages  on  St  Johns  &  repeated  their 
demands  &  deliver'd  it  in  such  a  manner  as  alarmed  me, 
consequently  I  consented  to  meet  and  consult  with  them, 
(this  may  be  thought  Timidity,  but  it  is  a  maxim  with  me, 
never  to  live  near  Indians,  except  in  a  state  of  defence, 
without  a  certainty  of  their  Friendship  either  in  peace  or 
war).  At  a  largo  Council  it  was  agreed  among  other 
things  to  address  the  Bishop  of  Baltimore,  praying  to  bo 
consider'd  as  brothers  k  Children  of  the  United  States,  & 
to  take  them  under  his  care  as  Spiritual  Father  &  recjuest- 
ing  a  clei'geman  to  reside  among  them.  That  an  address 
be  presented  to  the  General  Court  of  Massachusetts  to  lay 
out  a  suitable  Settlement  as  a  resort  for  themselves  &  a 
residence  for  the  Priest.  The  former  of  these  were  an- 
swered to  their  Sanguine  Expectations  &  the  clergyman 
arrived  among  them  in  October,  1792,  A  man  who  ap- 
peared well  qualify 'd  for  the  mission. 

In  March,  1793,  a  speech  was  presented  to  the  General 
Court  &  Commissioners  were  appointed  who  met  the 
Indians  in  October  following,  but  their  power  was  so 
limited,  that  no  satisfactory  agreement  could  be  made. 

The  Indians  at  this  time  appeared  very  thouglitfull  & 
anxious  about  the  business,  &  the  proceedings  rather  oppe- 
rated  to  our  disadvantage. 

In  IS'ovcmber  the  Indians  sent  for  me  to  attend.  I  was 
with  them  five  days,  in  which  time  we  had  several  public 
and  private  conferences.  After  recapitulating  their  Treaties 
&  the  promises  made  them.  Their  Conduct  during  the 
War,  their  sufferings  &c ;  they  demanded  a  fulfillment  of 
these  promises ;  particular  Lands  for  settlements,  which  if 
refused  they  should  view  themselves  free  from  all  engage- 


m 


,m 


316 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


ments  &  be  at  liberty  to  treat  and  accept  of  any  Proposals 
made  to  tliom  by  any  other  Power,  &  in  future  to  pursue 
in  their  own  way  what  they  thouglit  consistant  witli  their 
rights  and  Interest,  l)ut  would  wait  to  the  begining  of 
Febuary  to  know  what  would  be  done  for  them  in  Boston. 

A  report  prevailed  this  Sunnner  that  the  British  were 
endeavoring  to  (h-aw  the  Indians  into  New  Brunswick,  & 
in  November  Avhen  at  the  Village  I  received  authentic 
advice  k  Information  of  the  particulars. 

The  British  in  those  parts  found  it  necessary  to  bring 
the  Indians  over  for  the  deffence  of  the  Country,  as  the 
marching  Troops  were  ordered  otf  to  assist  against  the 
French.  Also  should  any  rupture  take  place  with  this 
Country,  to  secure  their  Interest  betimes.  For  this  pur- 
pose preparations  have  been  making  since  August  last, 
supplies  of  all  kinds  have  been  laid  in,  &  many  things 
distributed  among  them.  Several  letters  have  been  sent 
the  Priest,  promising  every  attention,  &  a  satisfactory 
Compensation.  During  my  Visit  a  letter  was  received  k 
a  Vessell  detained  at  St  Andrews  some  days  for  him.  I 
remonstrated  against  his  going;  he  promised  not  as  long 
as  he  could  retain  any  Indians  and  procure  Subsistance  as 
he  had  suifer'd  hitherto.  But  in  April  it  appears  that 
himself  &  the  residue  of  the  Indians  had  removed  to  St 
Johns,  a  few  Straggling  ones  Excepted.  This  is  the  true 
state  and  situation  of  the  Indians  in  that  country. 

It  has  all  ways  been  observed  that  even  a  few  suspected 
Indians  creates  a  great  dread  on  the  minds  of  the  Inhabit- 
ants, particular  in  an  Infant  country,  where  the  dwellings 
are  generall}'  scattered  from  each  other,  k  this  is  the  Case 
with  a  large  portion  of  our  new  settlements.  While  the 
Indians  continued  among  the  Inhabitants  there  was  not 
this  to  fear.  For  a  friendly  communication  has  always 
appeared  &  which  in  a  Singular  manner  has  been  practis'd 
on  the   part  of  the  Indians   residing  at  Passamaquoddy, 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


317 


;e(l  & 


they  have  acted  in  as  civilized  a  manner  as  any  of  tlie 
Inhul)itantH,  by  such  connections  when  any  Impending 
danger  timely  notice  is  given,  but  when  removed  every 
tritling  Occurence  gives  a  general  Allarm. 

It  is  remark'd  by  some  that  they  had  better  begone, 
that  it  will  save  trouble  k  Expense,  but  let  it  be  observed 
this  remove  is  but  for  a  small  distance.  The  Inhabitants 
ai'c  continually  subject  to  the  same  Evil  &  deprived  of 
many  benefits  which  arrises  from  a  more  Intimate  ac- 
quaintance. 

Should  the  Indians  got  once  settled  down  &  attached 
solely  to  the  other  Government  it  will  opperatc  very  nnich 
against  the  settlement  of  the  Eastern  Country.  The  old 
Iidiabitants  who  have  been  accustomed  to  their  ways,  are 
much  concerned  and  dread  the  consequences  even  in  peace. 
It  is  therefore  essential  for  the  advantage  of  the  settlements 
in  that  part  of  the  commonwealth  some  methods  should 
be  taken  to  show  the  minds  of  the  Indians  what  is  their 
Intentions,  and  Endeavor  to  secure  their  Interest  and 
Friendship  as  soon  as  possible. 

It  has  ])ecu  observed  by  some,  that  we  have  no  right  to 
negotiate  with  Indians,  that  do  not  live  within  the  Juris- 
diction of  the  States.  This  seems  to  have  been  the  senti- 
ments of  the  Committee,  wdio  made  the  report  in  March, 
1793,  as  to  the  lands  proposed  &  the  resolves  were  Confined 
for  the  use  of  the  Passamaquoddy  tribe.  If  the  foregoing 
Statement  be  confided  in  &  Intelligible,  it  nniy  be  seen 
that  there  is  no  distinction  to  be  made,  but  if  there  was, 
the  Pa8samaqno(hly  Tribe  Comparitively  have  the  Least 
Claim,  both  as  to  numbers  &  attention  in  time  of  difficulty, 
&  in  the  Late  Transaction  there  were  Five  others  to  one  of 
them. 

But  this  sentiment  I  never  heard  advanced  before,  either 
by  the  French,  English  or  any  other  nation.  Indians  are 
not  subject  to,  or  amenable  to  any  power;  they  have  been 


I 


ir';( 


818 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Eastern 


'^ 


'  \ 


jiIwayH  viewed  as  a  distinct  Body,  govern'd  by  their  own 
customs  &  manners,  nor  will  they  ever  tamely  submit  to 
uny  authority  dili'erent  from  their  own,  while  they  remain 
in  the  present  uncivilized  state.  Their  mode  of  life  leads 
them  thro'  the  Territory  of  different  nations,  their  residence 
uncertain  &  Changeable,  that  it  can  not  bo  Icnown  whore 
they  really  belong  except  that  they  were  born  in  such  u 
district  &  may  be  called  by  the  name  of  tlie  tribe.  I  pre- 
sume that  at  every  treat}'  &  conference  with  the  United 
States  a  large  proportion  live  upon  lands,  to  which  our 
Government  have  no  claim,  &  I  know  this  to  have  been 
the  case  with  the  French  &  English.  It  is  not  the  right  of 
soil  or  the  claiming  a  Jurisdiction,  that  should  be  con- 
tended for,  nor  to  prompt  them  to  acts  of  Hostility  against 
any  nation  or  people ;  liut  to  secure  their  amity  &  Interest 
to  prevent  those  horrid  scenes  of  revenge  &  cruelty  to 
which  they  are  accustomed.  I  am  fully  persuaded  that 
every  Nation  who  are  subject  to  depredations  from  them, 
have  a  right  &  authority  to  Cultivate  their  Friendship,  & 
pursue  for  that  purpose  every  measure  by  negotiations  or 
other  methods,  either  in  the  country  where  they  reside,  or 
any  other  place  agreed  on  (provided  it  does  not  disturb 
the  peace  &  quiet  of  the  civilized  Subject),  in  order  to 
guard  against  &  ward  oif  such  evils,  as  much  as  to  defend 
themselves  against  the  Wolf  or  bear.  For  should  the 
former  doctrine  be  established,  the  Eastern  Country  must 
be  in  a  ruinous  Situation,  as  there  can  be  no  Indians  to 
treat  with  in  the  Eastern  department,  but  those  of  Penob- 
scot, for  even  those  of  the  Passamiiono<1(|\-  '  i|je  uqw 
reside  mostly  within  the  British  liii 


Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 


819 


A  lieport  of  the  Sltiixlmf)  and  Proper/)/  of  Col.  Allan  in  Nova 
Scoliu  when  he  left  I  here  and  tooh  tip  AriUfi  for  the  Jievo- 
iHtionarj  Cause. 

To  all  people  to  whom  tlicse  prcsentH  shaU  come  Greeting 

We  the  SubsHberH  Residents  in  the  Counties  of  West- 
morland in  the  Province  of  New  Brunswick  &  County 
of  Cund)ertand  in  the  province  Nova  Scotia;  Do  hereby 
Certiiy  publish  &  Declare  from  our  own  personal  Know- 
ledge, that  John  Allan  Ks(i'"  formerly  of  said  Cumberland, 
was  possessed  of  a  Certain  Farm  in  the  (-ounty  of  Cum- 
berland, commonly  known  by  the  luime  of  lUoody  IJridge 
Farm;  about  seven  Miles  distent  from  Fort  Cumberland, 
on  the  road  leading  to  the  Bay  Vert,  and  that  in  the  Year 
1770  said  Allan  with  his  family  resided  thereon,  that  there 
was  a  number  of  French  Acadian  families  settled  on  said 
farm  gs  tenants  to  said  Allan,  as  we  understood  &  believe, 
and  that  there  was  a  number  of  Houses,  Barns  &  out 
Houses  on  said  premises  at  that  time,  also  a  large  quantity 
of  Cattle  and  farming  ntensals ;  that  it  was  at  that  time  & 
still  continues  to  be  esteemed  one  of  the  best  farms  in  the 
two  Counties.  That  in  November,  1776,  at  the  time  of 
the  Invasion  made  against  Fort  Cumberland  by  a  number 
of  the  disaffected  Inhabitants  of  said  County  &  a  few 
persons  from  the  United  States,  an  attack  was  made  on  the 
invaders  by  the  Kings  troops  who  were  successful,  that  in 
their  pursuit  they  burnt  k  destroyed,  among  many  others, 
all  the  Houses  &  Barns  &c  with  all  the  Wheat  &  other 
Grain  then  being  on  the  aforesaid  farm,  to  a  great  amount 
as  we  then  understood.  That  previous  to  the  said  attack 
and  during  the  siege  of  Fort  Cund)erland,  the  I'eople  in 
Arms  with  a  view  of  setting  Fire  to  Buildings  in  the  Fort 
as  was  said,  burnt  a  number  of  Houses  near  the  Fort, 
among  which  was  a  very  Valuable   House,  Barn  &  out 


';ii  iil 


.s'j ; 


!»1 


320 


Revolutionary  Operations  in  Maine. 


IIou3e  belonging  to  William  Allan   Esq'  of  Halifax  tlie 
father  of  the  said  John  Allan. 

We  further  Certify  that  the  said  John  Allan  previous  to 
the  year  1776  &  we  believe  from  the  year  1769  at  different 
times  sustained  the  several  Officers  &  appointments  of 
Justice  of  Peace,  Clerk  of  the  Sessions  &  Inferior  Court, 
Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court,  Commissioner  &  Clerk  of 
Sewers,  Representative  in  general  Assembly  &  other  offices 
within  the  To  vn  and  County  of  Cumberland ;  and  that 
from  the  great  Interest  he  had  &  the  high  esteem  he  was 
in  among  the  people  Ave  believe  he  might  still  have  Con- 
tinued to  hold  &  enjoy  all  the  most  Lucrative  Offices  in 
said  County  had  he  remained  among  us,  but  upon  the 
unhappy  Contest  between  Great  Britain  &  the  American 
Colonies  &  from  the  beHning  of  1776  the  said  Allan  was 
suspected  of  Treasonable  practices  against  the  Kings 
Government  for  which  he  was  liable  to  the  penalties  of  the 
Law  &  that  during  the  Summer  of  said  year  he  disappeared 
&  as  it  was  reported  went  into  the  United  States. 

Certifyed  at  Cumberland  in  the  Province  of  J»rova  Scotia 
the  16*  day  of  September,  1798. 

James  Law  J.  C.  Pleas  Colo  of 
Militia  County  of  West- 
moreland 

Sami-  Gay  J.  P. 

J.  Wetiiered  D.  Sheriff 

Tho«  Dixson  J.  P. 

J  BURNIIAM  J.  P. 

Charles  Baker  J.  Quor" 
Thos.  Lusvy  J.  Peace 
Alpii"*  Morse  J.  P. 
Ralph  Sieldall  J.  Peace 
W»'  Black  J.  Peace. 
RoBART  Dickson     • 


INDEX. 


A( 


uCADIE,  Nova  Scotia  thus  named,  and  why,  0 ;  the  inhabitants  trans- 
planted to  New  England  in  17o5,  8 ;  some  who  are  left  arc  friendly  to 
the  American  cause  in  1777, 113,  note. 

Alby  [Albee],  Mr.,  93,  93,  150,  151,  274. 

AUan,  Col.  John,  his  birth  and  parentage,  5 ;  comes  to  Nova  Scotia  with 
his  parents,  6:  his  early  life,  9 ;  resides  for  a  time  in  Massachusetts, 
10,  11 ;  an  early  letter  from  him,  10;  his  marriage,  ibid;  holds  several 
posts  of  honor  in  Nova  Scoiia,  11,  320;  is  an  Indian  trade  •,  309;  em- 
braces the  cause  of  the  United  Colonies  and  thus  becomes  obnoxious 
to  the  royal  government,  13;  is  compelled  to  leave  suddenly,  311; 
leaves  Nova  Scotia  for  New  England,  13 ;  at  Machias  tries  to  dissuade 
Col.  Eddy  from  attacking  fort  Cumberland,  ibid;  goes  to  Boston  and 
tries  to  induce  the  authorities  of  Massachusetts  to  furnish  supplies  to 
the  Indians,  13, 15;  his  journej^  to  Baltimore,  where  he  makes  a 
statement  of  affairs  to  Congress,  13;  his  interview  with  Washington, 
311;  made  colonel  in  the  service  of  the  United  States,  13;  a  reward 
offered  by  the  royal  government  for  his  apprehension,  14 ;  inhuman 
treatment  of  his  family  by  British  soldiers  in  his  absence,  14,  15 ; 
is  appointed  superintendent  of  Indian  affairs  in  Maine,  15;  his 
prudent  treatment  of  the  Indians,  15,  16;  leaves  his  two  sons  as 
hostages  Avith  the  Indians,  10,  293  ;  the  British  incite  the  Indians  to 
murder  him,  17;  an  attempt  to  carry  out  this  design  fails, /i/,-?;  un- 
successful etl'orts  to  entrap  and  make  him  prisoner,  18 ;  lie  arrives  at 
Machias  from  Boston,  91,  180;  arrives  at  Passanncpioady,  91,186; 
arrives  at  St.  John,  311;  proceeds  up  that  river,  03,  187;  reaches 
Auki)a(iue,  an  Indian  village  on  the  St.  Jolm  river,  94, 189 ;  is  gladly 
received  by  the  Indians  there,  189  ;  hears  of  the  arrival  of  Burgoyne 
in  Canada,  95,  191;  interview  with  the  St.  John  Indians,  95,  90,  311 ; 
thej'  build  a  wigwam  for  him,  101 ;  tlieyliold  a  feast  in  honor  of  him, 
105;  Col.  Allan  sets  out  for  the  nioiulx  of  the  river,  but  is  met  by  a 
superior  force  and  compelled  to  leave  New  Brunswick,  109,  110; 
narrowly  escapes  being  made  prisoner,  114,  313;  he  and  the  most  of 
the  tril)e  of  the  Marashcet  or  St.  John  Indians,  numbering  128  canoes 
and  about  500  persons,  leave  that  river  and  go  to  Machias,  113,  115, 
117, 118, 120,  313 ;  slow  movements  of  the  Indians,  81 ;  tlilliculties  of 
the  way,  198,  219,  313 ; 

41 


322 


Index. 


5p(K 


Allan,  Col.  John  (continned),  several  portages,  117, 118, 120;  puts  on  the 
Indian  dress,  118;  arrives  at  Machias,  124;  conference  with  the 
Indians,  126 ;  attack  by  Sir  George  Collier's  squadron,  127 ;  the  British 
loss  in  the  action,  129,  note;  his  report  of  the  action  to  the  Massachu- 
setts council,  20;],  scq. ;  he  commends  the  Indians  for  their  good  con- 
duct, 131,  208,  313;  another  invasion  expected,  134,  136,  139, 145;  he 
receives  a  commission  as  colonel,  142 ;  receives  the  news  of  Burgoyne's 
surrender,  149 ;  re  jcives  false  news,  149, 160 ;  his  wile  is  a  prisoner  in 
fort  Cumberland,  151 ;  his  proceedings  at  Machias,  12-1-103 ;  end  of 
Col.  Allan's  journal,  103;  his  official  reports,  165,  seq.  ;  his  first  report 
to  tlie  executive  council  of  Massachusetts,  160-170 ;  describes  the 
attitude  of  the  Indians  towards  the  United  States,  166,  seq.  ;  instructs 
the  Indians  in  the  nature  of  the  struggle  with  the  mother  country, 
170, 191 ;  conference  with  the  Micmac  Indians,  172 ;  the  conference 
reported  at  length,  173-176 ;  recommends  some  measures  to  be  taken 
by  the  government  of  Massachusetts,  178, 179 ;  his  second  report  to 
the  council,  180-182 ;  he  represents  the  deplorable  condition  of  those 
settlers  on  the  St.  John,  who  favored  the  American  cause,  181;  the 
council  of  Massachusetts  promise  aid,  but  fail  of  sending  the  aid 
promised,  185 ;  his  official  report  from  Aukpaque,  186 ;  his  proceed- 
ings while  on  the  way,  187-189 ;  his  endeavors  with  the  Indians,  193  ; 
state  of  affairs  on  St.  John  river,  194 ;  reports  the  distress  of  the 
Cumberland  people  and  the  abusive  treatment  of  the  women,  190 ; 
represents  to  the  council  the  critical  posture  of  affairs  on  the  St.  John 
river,  200,  scq. ;  implores  help,  201 ;  is  confident  of  success  if  properly 
supported,  ibid  ;  his  full  official  report  of  the  naval  attack  on  JIachias 
203-212,  228 ;  tries  to  persuade  Col.  Eddy  not  to  disband  his  men,  but 
in  vain,  214 ;  the  Indians  being  alarmed  at  this,  he  pacifies  them,  215 ; 
he  represents  to  the  council  of  Massachusetts  the  critical  situation  of 
things  in  Eastern  Maine,  210,  217;  makes  sev  >ral  suggestions  for  the 
purpose  of  defense,  217;  another  letter  to  the  council,  228,  s<?g. ;  his 
disinterested  conduct,  231 ;  his  letter  to  the  Marasheet  or  St.  John 
Indians,  233  ;  letter  to  the  council  of  ]Massachusetts  concerning  the 
Penobscot  Indians,  234-237;  forbids  intercour.'^e  between  Machias 
and  Passamaquoddy,  and  why,  239 ;  another  letter  to  the  council,  240- 
244 ;  he  wishes  trade  witli  the  Indians  prohibited,  except  at  the  trudc- 
houses,  241 ;  the  pay  given  to  the  Indians,  ibid  ;  has  information  that 
his  wife  and  children  are  held  close  prisoners  by  the  British,  242, 
255 ;  holds  a  conference  with  the  Indians  at  Passamaquoddy,  247 ; 
narrowly  escapes  being  made  prisoner,  248  ;  another  conference  with 
the  Indians,  251 ;  gives  orders  to  the  Indians,  253  ;  his  letter  to  Gene- 
ral Heath,  259  ;  his  dispatch  falls  into  the  hands  of  the  enemy,  268  ; 
states  the  disastrous  etlect  of  the  British  occupation  of  Penobscot  in 
1779,269,270; 


Index. 


323 


Allan,  Col.  John  (continued),  snj-s  if  the  illicit  trade  with  the  Indians  ia  not 
stopped,  he  must  resl.i^u  his  commission,  273;  conference  with  the 
Indians  at  Macliias,  274 ;  his  dilliculties  increased  by  the  Britisli  occu- 
pation of  the  Penobscot,  278 ;  inadequate  force  with  him,  280 ;  his  letter 
to  tlie  Indians,  still  in  tlieir  possession,  287,  288  ;  Ids  visit  to  French- 
man's bay,  288-291 ;  liis  transactions  with  the  Micnmcs,  294,  295 ;  his 
inadequate  supplies,  295 ;  his  advice  to  the  Indians  after  tlie  war,  297 ; 
his  report  to  the  government  of  Massachusetts  in  1793,  on  the  condition 
of  the  Indians,  305-318  ;  description  of  the  country,  routes  of  travel, 
distances,  tribes  of  Indians,  intercourse,  etc.,  305-308 ;  a  succinct 
account  of  Ids  proceedings  as  superintendent  of  Indian  affairs,  311- 
313;  praises  the  behavior  of  the  Indians,  313;  the  history  brought 
down  to  1793,  313-317 ;  property  owned  l)y  him  in  Nova  Scotia  pre- 
vious to  tlie  Avar,  319  ;  offices  held  by  him  then  and  there,  320 ;  settles 
after  the  war  on  an  island  near  Lubec,  20 ;  receives  a  grant  of  land  in 
Ohio  for  his  services,  ibid;  his  death  and  character,  21;  great  value 
of  his  services,  22  ;  the  preservation  of  all  Maine  east  of  the  Penobscot 
due  to  him,  ibid;  he  alone  could  control  and  manage  the  Indians, 
Hjid;  his  personal  appearance,  23;  genealogy  of  his  family,  25-32. 

Allan,  Mary  Patten,  wife  of  Col.  John  Allan,  her  marriage,  10 ;  receives 
abusive  treatment  from  the  British,  14,  15,  196,231. 

Allan,  ^Yi\liam,  father  of  Col.  John,  5;  his  marriage,  ibid;  removes  to 
Nova  Scotia,  6 ;  his  subsequent  prosperity,  9 ;  a  royalist,  10 ;  genealogy 
ofhis  family,  25-32. 

Allerton,  Isaac,  33. 

Ambroii^e  or  Ambrose  St.  Aubin,  second  chief  of  the  Maracheetes  or  St. 
John  tribe  of  Indians,  54,  71,  78,  87,  105,  113,  115,  UG,  119, 122, 124, 
133,  141, 102, 183,  189-191,  250,  358,  271,  276;  he  was  with  Col.  Eddy 
in  the  attack  on  fort  Cumberland,  71,  78;  and  with  Col.  Allan  at 
Machias,  124,  162 ;  a  true  friend  to  America,  200. 

Anderson,  158. 

Andrew,  Michael,  156. 

Andrews,  Mr.,  104, 159. 

Andros,  Sir  Edmund,  makes  a  census  of  Eastern  Maine,  34. 

Archibald,  J.,  274. 

Archibald,  S.,  274. 

Archilmld,  T.,  274. 

Aakpaquc,  arrival  there  of  Col.  Allan,  94;  his  proceedings  there,  94-110; 
his  report  from  that  place,  180-197  ;  the  place  described,  180,  note. 

Austin,  Daniel,  a  deserter,  155, 156. 

Arcri/,  Lieut.  James,  163 ;  secretary  to  the  expedition,  274 ;  his  report  to  the 
council  of  MassachusettH,  274-276;  otlier  reports,  286,  287;  John,  125. 

Ayer,  Elijah,  76,  85,  89, 104,  137, 147. 

Ayer,  Obadiah,  70. 


324 


Index. 


B. 


,. 


>AILEY,  Rev.  Jacob,  a  missionary  among  the  Inuians,  and  a  partisan 
of  Britain,  unites  witli  Franltlin,  tlie  British  agent,  in  endeavoring  to 
seduce  ilie  Indians,  257,  2G2,  205. 

Baker,  Charles,  320. 

Barker,  .Jacob,  03 ;  Car  of  Powualboro',  Lieut.,  303. 

Beal,  Manwaring,  of  Macliias,  42, 149. 

Beanebeau,  Bewlieban,  [Beaubair]  Monsieur,  90,  97, 190, 191. 

Beaver,  becomes  extinct  in  Maine,  312. 

Beau  Sejaur,  see  Gmnherland  Fort. 

Bell,  Mr.,  of  Campbello,91, 143, 154. 

Black,  Samuel,  101. 

Black,  William,  320. 

Boston  Gazette,  157.  ^ 

Boudreau  or  Budrow,  Capt.,  77, 110, 143, 144. 

Bowdoin,  James,  enters  cordially  into  Col.  Allan's  views,  311. 

Boyd,  James,  158. 

Bradford,  Mr.,  leaves  Nova  Scotia,  77. 

British  account  of  the  attack  on  Machias,  224-228 ;  British  barbarity,  14, 
15,  137, 196,  231,  289,  290,  293;  British  efforts  to  seduce  the  Indians, 
60,  01,  259,  264,  275,  279 ;  British  endeavors  to  entrap  and  murder 
Col.  Allan,  17. 

Bromfield,  Henry,  of  Boston,  78. 

Bromfidd,  of  Newbury,  99, 100, 102, 198. 

Brown,  James,  147. 

Brown,  Joshua,  148, 149. 

Buck,  Col.,  144, 148. 

Buck,  Ebcnezer,  148. 

i?«(•^•,Lieut.,  137, 138. 

Budert,  Isaiah,  88. 

Burke,  Anthony,  77. 

Burke,  IMr.,  a  British  agent,  275. 

Buriiham,  J.,  320. 

Butler,  John,  42. 

BuUer,  Ensign  Thomas,  100,  303. 


ijAMPBELL,  Lieut.  Col.  Alexander,  42,  45,  50, 147, 155,  199,  212,  213, 

•MO,  206,  207,  279,  290. 
Cu,  .  Capt.,  152. 
Carr,  Peter,  94. 
Chadborn,  Houjamin,  42. 
Chaloner,  Lieut.,  78. 


■ft^ijjfeiiiiMlfeikiiiaa 


Index. 


825 


Charter  given  by  James  I,  6,  33. 

Chase,  Capt.  Epliraim,  144,  150, 152, 154,  157, 158,  ICl. 

Cheputnecticook  lakes  aud  river,  description  of,  83-84. 

Chester,  Simeon,  70. 

Church,  Benjamin,  his  visit  to  Eastern  Maine  and  Nova  Scotia,  34. 

Clap,  Daniel,  186. 

Clark,  Dr.,  89,  91, 104, 109, 115, 197,  274. 

Cdburn,  Lieut.,  138, 152. 

Codman,  Richard,  42.  , 

Coffin,  Mr.,  91. 

Collier,  Sir  George,  makes  an  attack  on  Machias  with  five  ships  of  war, 
225, 228.    See  liainbmc  and  Machias. 

Cole,  Ambroise,  70. 

Cole,  Edward,  77. 

Colson,  Mr.,  gives  an  American  flag  to  the  Indians,  94. 

Cook,  Sergeant,  158. 

Coye,  Edward,  03. 

Crabtrce,  Capt.  A.  Green,  commander  of  a  privateer,  135, 138,140, 141, 142, 
143,  151,  152,  154, 157,  239,  243,  244;  plunders  a  truck-house  at  St. 
Johns,  242. 

Craicfffi'd,  or  Crayford,  James,  77,  88, 115, 138. 

Crcifjh,  Creight,  Creth,  Samuel,  77,  88, 115. 

Crosby,  Capt.,  154, 155, 150,  101. 

Cross,  Stephen,  of  Newburyport,  85,  86. 

Cross,  Stephen  and  Ralph,  of  Newburyport,  133, 158, 161,  209. 

Crow,  James,  147. 

Cumberland  county  in  Nova  Scotia,  9,  note;  distress  of  the  inhabitants, 
70;  they  are  obliged  to  leave  their  homes,  70,  77;  their  names,  ibid; 
again  obliged  to  leave  on  an  invasion,  112  ;  those  who  stay  behind  arc 
basely  treated,  187 ;  inclined  to  join  the  American  cause,  108 ;  greatly 
alarmed,  109;  Col.  Allan  represents  their  case  to  the  council  of  Massa- 
chusetts, 180,  184;  imprudent  conduct  of  the  inhabitants,  188;  their 
great  distress,  100,  202. 

Cumberland  ioi'i,  formerly  Beau  Scjour,  ibid,  73,  note  ;  rash  and  unsuccess- 
ful attempt  of  Col.  Eddy  to  take  it,  09 ;  Williamson's  account  of  the 
enterprise  erroneous,  74. 

Curr^y,  Esquire,  of  Passamaquoddy,  88,  143, 101. 


XJ  AWSON,  a  royalist,  157  ;  plans  the  attack  on  Machias,  207. 

Day,  John,  70. 

Deer,  none  east  of  the  Penobscot,  119,  note. 

Dckay,  James,  77. 


:i>   <• 


I!'  *-' 


326 


Index. 


Deksdernier,  Lieut.  Frederic,  accompanies  Col.  Allan  in  his  expedition,  80 ; 
his  commiasion,  87 ;  accompanies  Allan  in  his  retreat,  116,  1^'^  121, 
123;  at  Machias,  149, 151,  152, 153,  291 ;  taken  prisoner,  248;  present 
at  a  conference  with  Indians,  274 ;  signs  a  return,  285.     See  Leadnrnier. 

Dickson,  Robert,  320. 

Dixaon,  Thomas,  320. 

Dodge,  Lieut.,  138,  140. 

Douglm,  Mr.,  154. 

Dyer,  Capt.  Heniy,  45,  111,  115, 130, 144, 150,  155, 156, 100,  161, 197, 198, 
199,  200 ;  taken  prisoner,  248. 


E. 


HACKLY,  John,  76. 

Earl,  Daniel,  77,  89,  104. 

Easter )i  Maine,  little  known  of  it,  33 ;  first  survey  of  its  coasts,  34 ;  begins 
to  be  settled,  35;  distress  of  the  settlers  at  the  beginning  of  the  Revo- 
lution, 41,  44;  the  inhabitants  petition  Massachusetts  for  authority  to 
govern  themselves,  44 ;  leave  is  granted  to  raise  a  company,  45. 

Eddington,  so  called  from  Col.  Jonathan  Eddy,  75 ;  settled  by  him  and  his 
comrades,  ibid. 

Eddy,  Isbrock,  leaves  Nova  Scotia,  77. 

.E*??/,  Jonathan,  Jun.,  77, 106,  116. 

Eddy,  Col.  Jonathan,  sails  on  an  expedition  against  fort  Cumberland,  13, 
67 ;  Allan  twice  endeavors  to  persuade  him  to  abandon  his  rash  de- 
sign, but  in  vain,  12 ;  Eddy  summons  fort  Cumberland  to  surrender, 
69 ;  copy  of  the  summons,  72 ;  and  of  the  reply,  73 ;  rash  attempt  to 
storm  the  fort,  69;  the  repulse,  i&«Z;  inglorious  failure  of  the  enter- 
prise, 13,  70;  the  consequences,  13,  75,  70,  77;  the  people  in  the 
vicinity  involved  in  great  distress  and  difficulty,  180 ;  a  reward  offered 
by  the  royal  authorities  for  his  appreliension,  14 ;  obliged  to  leave 
home,  76 ;  his  letter  to  the  authorities  of  Massachusetts,  giving  an 
account  of  his  proceedings,  67-72;  Williamson's  account  of  this  affair 
erroneous,  74 ;  Eddy's  second  expedition,  75 ;  is  again  unsuccessful, 
ibid;  disbands  his  men,  notwithstanding  Col.  Allan's  remonstrances, 
214;  further  mention  of  him,  75,  88, 126, 133,  211,  213. 

Eddy,  William,  77,  89,  106. 

Emerson,  Mr.,  of  Boothbay,  42. 

Emigration  from  the  older  settlements  in  New  England  to  Eastern  Maine 
commences,  35. 


F. 


AILES,  Atwood,  77. 
Failes,  Samuel,  77. 

Farnaworth,  Capt.,  wounded  at  Machias,  128,  206,220;  mentioned,  130, 
137 ;  called  Taimcorth,  206. 


I 


i 


Index. 


327 


Farrell,  or  Farwell,  David,  92, 137, 157. 

Faucet  [Fasset?]  Richard,  tried  for  desertion,  147;  pardoned,  148. 

Faulkner,  Mr,,  escapes  from  Halifax  prison,  91. 

Ferree  [Ferrj'],  Lieut.,  374. 

i^Ys/a'^r/,  excellent,  on  the  Schoodic  lake,  123,  note. 

Flag,  American,  hoisted  on  the  river  St.  John,  97 ;  what  it  was,  97,  note. 

i'bsfer,  Benjamin,  of  ilachias,  one  of  the  leaders  in  the  capture  of  the  armed 
schooner  jMargaretta,  38, 39 ;  receives  the  thanks  of  congress  for  the 
action,  40  ;  furtlier  meutlou  of  him,  42 ;  signs  a  petition  in  behalf  of 
Machias,  48;  signs  a  petition  for  tlie  Indians,  o(5 ;  colonel,  8(5 ;  joins 
Col.  Allan  at  Machias,  137 ;  mentioned,  136,  137, 150  ;  holds  a  court, 
140;  mentioned,  103;  assists  in  the  defense  of  Machias,  300;  his 
offlcial  account  of  the  attack,  319-221. 

Foster,  John,  14^. 

Foster,  Robert,  76. 

Franklin,  Michael,  a  British  agent,  his  endeavors  to  seduce  the  Indians, 
107, 113, 115, 140,  200,  201,  310,  243,  257,  262,  365,  375,  380;  a  letter 
from  him  to  the  Indians,  383. 

Freeman,  Enoch,  42. 

Freeman,  Samuel,  ibid. 

F'encJiman's  bay,  now  Sullivan,  visit  of  Col.  Allan  to  that  place,  288;  hostile 
visit  of  a  British  armed  vessel,  289 ;  cruelty  of  the  British,  289,  290. 

Frost,  John,  of  Passamaquoddy,  249,  250. 

Fulton,  John,  76,  88, 102,  106, 115, 138. 

Funeral,  an  Indian,  102. 


a 


i 


TARNER  [Gardner],  Ebcnezer,  70,  88. 

Garner,  Friend,  139. 

Gay,  Samuel,  320. 

Gencalofjy  of  the  Allan  family,  35-33. 

Getchel,  John,  43. 

Gilmnn  [Guilman],  Capt.  Andrew,  151,  341,  301. 

Glasher  [GlazierJ,  Benjamin,  43. 

Goldthwait,  Capt.,  surrenders  Fort  Pownall,  51. 

Goodicin,  Lieut.,  137, 138. 

GorJimn,  Col.  Joseph,  refuses  to  surrender  fort  Cumlierland,  69,  73; 
further  account  of  him,  85,  153,  157;  has  a  conference  with  the 
Indians,  169, 170;  his  humanity,  196,  331 ;  at  fort  Cumberland,  261. 

Gouch,  Capt.,  157, 163. 

Gould,  Col.,  a  British  oifiet.,  86,  91,  187,  190, 192. 

Greetileaf,  Benjamin,  86,  133,  143. 

Guule-2)osis.  Indian,  in  th  ;  forests  of  Maine,  121,  riote  ;  the  editor's  experience 
there,  133,  note. 


828 


Index. 


H. 


-ALL,  John,  45. 

Hull,  Mrs.,  154. 

Ilalliburion,  Capt.,  250,  251. 

JIartt,  Thomas,  63. 

Haynes,  Capt.,  158, 159, 160. 

JIazen,  Richard,  iiuikes  a  survey  of  the  coast  of  Eastern  Maine,  34. 

Uazen,  William,  a  resident  on  St.  John  river,  62 ;  taken  prisoner  by  CoL 
Allan,  93,  99, 187;  account  of  him,  93,  nok ;  admitted  to  parole,  187  ; 
further  mention  of  him,  102, 108, 192. 

nUl,  John,  42. 

Hinckley,  Aaron,  of  Brunswick,  42. 

Uodfjkim,  Philip,  50. 

Ilollcy,  Capt.,  154. 

Jlolfon  or  Oulton,  Charles,  104, 109,.  137. 

Howe,  William,  a  reward  offered  by  the  royal  authorities  for  his  appre- 
hension, 14 ;  engages  in  the  expedition  against  fort  Cumberland,  67 ; 
compelled  to  quit  Nova  Scotia,  77,  86,  91 ;  further  mention  of  him, 
102, 115, 135, 157. 

Hiimpson,  Edward,  70. 

Huse,  John,  of  Pownalboro',  42. 


Ml 


XNDIANS,  accompanied  Col.  Allan  in  his  expedition,  79 ;  always  pursue 
the  same  path  between  two  places,  80 ;  the  solid  granite  rock  worn 
by  their  moccasins,  ibid,  84 ;  an  Indian  funeral,  102 ;  an  Indian  feast, 
105;  Indians  accompany  Col.  Allan  on  his  retreat  from  the  St.  John, 
117  ;  his  conferences  with  them,  95, 107,  109,  111,  113, 126, 170, 193, 
235,247,251,265,274,  277,294;  their  fidelity,  283;  list  of  Indians  in 
the  service  of  the  United  States,  284,  285 ;  names  not  indexed. 

Indians,  Eastern,  letter  to  them  from  the  Provincial  Congress  of  Massa- 
chusetts, 51 ;  letter  from  tliem  to  the  Provincial  Congress,  54  ;  solicited 
by  the  royal  authorities  in  Nova  Scotia  to  take  up  arms  against  the 
United  colonies,  55,  79,  310 ;  send  men  to  Massachusetts  to  obtain 
supplies,  56;  report  of  a  committee  on  the  subject,  ibid;  refuse  to 
engage  in  the  war,  57 ;  names  of  Indian  chiefs,  58 ;  are  very  trouble- 
some, 60,  61 ;  favor  the  cause  of  the  United  States,  71,  95,  310 ;  Col. 
Allan's  interviews  with  them,  95,  310  ;  their  cautious  policy,  105, 171  ; 
highly  displeased  at  not  being  supplied  with  powder  from  Nova  Scotia, 
167;  supplied  soon  after,  167,  169;  they  hold  Washington  in  high 
respect,  96,  105,  165,  170;  conference  with  Col.  Allan  reported  at 
length,  172-170 ;  insincerity  of  the  Indians,  177 ;  their  fickleness,  193; 
their  dissatisfaction,  ibid; 


^^^s^' 


Index. 


329 


Indians,  Eastern  (continued),  extreme  difflculty  of  retaining  them  in 
friendsliip  to  tlie  United  States,  16,  171,  178,  190,  193,  201,  335,  370. 
293,  309 ;  brief  account  of  Col.  Allan's  dealings  with  tlu;  Indians, 
311-313;  .stipulations  on  both  sides,  313;  he  praises  the  conduct  of  the 
Lidians,  313. 


O  ENKINS,  Capt.,  136. 

Jenks,  David,  77. 

Jo7m,  William,  77. 

Jones,  Ichabod,  arrives  atMachias,  from  Boston,  under  British  convoy,  38; 

his  estate  to  be  confiscated,  47. 
Jones,  Stephen,  of  Machias,  144 ;  charged  with  supplying  the  Indians  with 

liquor,  145;  present  at  a  conference  with  Indians,  374, 
Jones,  Nathan,  a  traitor,  344. 
Jourdan,  Major,  138. 


Ki 


.ELLAM,Mr.,88. 
Kellum,  John,  89. 
Kellwin,  Capt.,  147. 
Kelley,  IGO. 
Milan,  Amasa,  76. 
Kimball,  Asa,  63. 
Kinney,  Israel,  63. 

Kirkland,  Rev.  Samuel,  with  six  Oneida  Indians,  visits  Boston  in  1777,  301. 
Knight,  Capt.,  149, 153. 


J-/ACOUR,  Mr.,  a  German  traveler  after  a  visit  to  Canada,  disgusted  ,'ith 
British  barbarity,  comes  to  Machias,  293  ;  goes  to  Boston,  296. 

Lumbart,  William,  245. 

Lamont,  Lemont  or  Lemmons,  Capt.  Benjamin,  of  Georgetown,  151,  158, 
159,  160, 161,  303. 

Langdon,  Timothy,  43. 

La  Tour,  obstructs  the  English  trade  in  Eastern  Maine,  34. 

Law,  James,  330. 

Lawrence,  fort,  9 ;  note,  73 ;  note,  69. 

Lawrence,  Capt.,  140,  147. 

Legge,  governor  of  Nova  Scotia,  incites  the  Indians  to  arms  against  the 
states,  167. 

42 


330 


Index. 


lA^»dernier,  Lcwlfi,  7(5.    Hce  Delesdemier. 

Lihhi/,  Deacon,  of  MacliiaH,  103. 

Littlefleld,  Capt.,  132, 159, 1(11, 108. 

Ijonfi,  Cupt.  John,  a  prinoncr,  142, 143 ;  taken  l)y  Capt.  Crabtrcc,  289. 

Loiifjifelloir,  Lieut.,  100,  107,  110,  118, 144,  149, 151. 

Ijmrjfellow,  Mr.,  of  Machias,  274. 

Loud,  James,  50. 

L&wder,  or  Lowther,  Col.  Jonathan,  54, 122, 188,  189, 151,  152,  234,  235, 

241,  258. 
Ludwiff,  Capt.,  149,  150, 150, 159. 

Lunkr,  Capt.,  a  Frenchman  in  the  British  interest,  230,  235,  268,  269. 
Lusrry,  Tliomas,  320. 
LyoHy  Ilev.  James,  of  Machias,  uii  earnest  patriot,  42,  46,  87, 134, 149, 154. 


Mi 


LACHIAS,  when  flr.st  linown,  33 ;  settled  by  a  colony  from  Scarborough, 
35 ;  the  settlers  apply  to  Nova  Scotia  for  a  grant  of  the  township,  35  ; 
not  succeeding,  they  apply  to  Massachusetts,  ibid;  theh-  petition  in 
1700,  303;  a  grant  obtained  from  MassachuHetts,  30;  prosperity  of 
the  settlement,  ibid;  news  of  the  outbreak  of  the  revolution  received 
there,  37 ;  the  people  capture  the  armed  schooner  jMargaretta,  38-40 ; 
petition  for  authority  to  raise  a  company  for  their  defense,  43 ;  the 
petition  grantt  10  ;  resolution  to  supply  Machias  with  powder,  40 ; 
Machias  petitions  for  commissions  for  their  privateer,  47 ;  the  petition 
gr..nted,  49 ;  attack  on  Machias  by  Ave  British  armed  ships,  under  Sir 
George  Collier,  137;  the  attack  repulsed,  129;  the  attack  was  made  to 
prevent  an  invasion  of  Nova  Scotia,  220,  227 ;  names  of  the  vessels 
making  the  attack,  212  ;  supposed  loss  of  the  British,  129,  213 ;  their 
real  loss,  230;  Col,  Allan's  account  of  this  affair  in  his  journal,  137- 
131 ;  his  ofHcial  report  of  it  to  the  E.xccutivc  council  of  Massachusetts, 
203-312 ;  Col.  Foster's  report  of  it  to  the  same  body,  219-221 ;  the 
British  account  of  it,  224-238  ;  another  attack  long  expected,  134, 136, 
139, 145, 213,  230 ;  distress  of  the  inhabitants,  339. 

Maracheet  tribe  of  Indians,  95 ;  note,  149 ;  Col.  Allan's  interview  with 
them,  96,  97,  125 ;  the  chiefs  richly  dressed,  98 ;  an  armed  vessel  of 
that  name,  134,  150,  152,  153,  154, 150,  158,  343.  See  Ambroise  St. 
Aiibin. 

Margaretta,  British  anned  schooner,  captured  by  the  people  of  Machias, 
38,  seq. 

Marsh,  Dr.  Abel,  180. 

Marsh,  John,  89,  94,  98,  99, 101, 106,  111,  112, 113,  263. 

Martin,  commander  of  privateer  Congress,  153, 154. 

Massachusetts  council,  their  letter  to  the  Passamaquoddy  Indians,  232. 


Index. 


331 


Miugcrville,  tho  oarliest  English  settlcnuMit  on  tho  St.  Johns  river,  61 ; 
meeting  of  piitrlots  tluTi',  luid  resolutions  adopted,  03-05 ;  action  of 
tlio  general  (loiirl  of  Miissflcliiisc-lts  in  relation  thereto,  00. 

Maxwell,  William,  70,  HO,  H8,  103, 10(5,  10!),  111. 

Mayhew,  Mrs.,  innkeeper  at  Macliiaa,  134, 1:33, 135. 

Mi'Ctain,  General,  commander  at  Halifax,  301. 

MnOowau,  or  Megown,  John,  77,  «9, 103,  100, 110,  137, 143. 

Meritz,  Daniel,  45. 

Micmdc  Indians  in  Nova  Scotia,  their  friendship  to  the  United  Stales 
secured  by  Col.  Allan,  13;  his  conference  witii  them  reported  at 
length,  173,  seq.  ;  he  suspects  their  lidelity,  177 ;  they  seem  a  colony 
from  the  Iroquois,  100 ;  doclnrc  their  zeal  for  America,  195,  330,  394, 
395. 

Minot,  Lieut.  Col,  331. 

Mitchel,  Lewis,  a  partisan  of  Britain,  188 ;  made  prisoner  by  Col.  Allan, 
94, 103,  189 ;  escapes,  100. 

Moo)\  Mr.,  94. 

Movse,  Alph.,  380. 


Ni 


I  EPTUNE,  Jean  Baptist,  chief  of  the  Passamaquoddy  Indians,  100, 
138 ;  dies,  103. 

Neptune,  Lewis,  358,  875. 

Neptune,  John,  chief  of  the  Penobscot,  a  friend  to  the  states,  803;  dies,  the 
last  survivor  among  them  of  the  revolution,  I'Wd,  7iote. 

Nemrs,  Lieut.  Col.,  155,  304,  338,  340,  303. 

Nevers,  Phineas,  03. 

Nevem,  Doctor,  98,  99,  103, 103, 104,  111,  110, 118;  his  excellent  character, 
195. 

Nevers,  Young,  94. 

New  BruMirick,  probable  number  of  inhabitants  in  1777,  88. 

Newell,  Major,  131, 138,313,  815,  383. 

Nickels,  William,  45. 

Noble,  "Parson,"  of  Machias,  93,  99, 110,  139;  urges  on  General  Washing- 
ton the  conquest  of  Western  Nova  Scotia,  139,  note. 

Nova  Scotia,  brief  history  of,  6;  why  called  KcntXic,  ibid  ;  plan  for  settling 
it  with  British  colonists,  7 ;  the  colonists  arrive,  7,  8 ;  colonists  also 
come  from  ]\Iassachusetts  and  Connecticut,  01 ;  savage  treatment  by 
British  soldiers  of  those  inhabitants  who  favored  the  cause  of  the 
United  States,  14 ;  the  authorities  of  the  Province  try  to  seduce  the 
Indians  from  their  friendship  to  the  United  States,  00,  61 ;  the  authori- 
ties prohibit  the  selling  of  powder  to  the  Indians,  107 ; 


u 


W  I 


3'i 


I'    i 


t      It': 


!     *    I 


-t'l 


882 


Index. 


Nova  Scotia  (continued),  unfriendly  temper  of  the  EngHHh  settlers,  177 ;  the 
colonists  from  New  Engliuul  involved  in  greiit  distress,  7(1,  113, 180, 
llifl,  203 ;  Nova  Scotia  might  easily  have  been  freed  from  British  rule, 
190,  aoi. 


O 


''RRIEN,  Jeremiah,  oF  Machias,  one  of  tlie  leaders  in  tlie  capture  of 
tlie  ariucid  Hciiooner  Murgaretta,  'M),  40 ;  recci  vt^s  the  tliaulis  of  congress 
for  the  achievement,  40;  further  mention  of  him,  43,  f)0;  liis  petition 
in  relation  to  two  armed  vessels,  48 ;  arrives  at  Machias  in  privateer 
Lilicrty,  134,  140;  his  widow  presents  a  petition  to  congress,  373 ; 
present  at  a  conference  with  Indians,  374. 

Officers,  American,  their  selfish,  unworthy  conduct,  218. 

Omulii  Indians,  six  of  tliem,  with  Rev.  Mr.  Kirlilaud,  visit  Boston,  301. 

Oultcr  [Walter  y]  Charles,  80. 


X  AINE,  Christopher,  70, 89. 

Palmer,  Daniel,  03. 

Parsons,  Timothy,  43. 

Peabody,  Capt.,  93;  noU,  198. 

Pemuqukl,  all  the  territory  east  of  it  claimed  by  the  French,  34. 

Perkins,  Capt.,  155. 

Pcrley,  Asa,  03. 

Perky,  Israel,  03,  05, 80, 100, 107. 

Phelpn,  Charles,  180. 

Pickard,  Moses,  03. 

Pierre  Toma,  a  chief  of  the  St.  John  tribe  of  Indians,  54,  78,  88,  95, 105, 
100, 113,  114,  115,  lie,  140,  153,  154,  103, 103,  189,  374;  was  present  in 
the  attack  on  fort  Cumberland^  78  ;  witli  Allan  at  Machias,  153 ;  dis- 
pleased wi.h  his  treatment  in  Boston,  190, 191 ;  confers  with  a  British 
agent,  200,  375. 

Plummer,  Mr.,  108, 109. 

Powell,  Hon.  Jeremiah,  CO,  85,  313. 

Preble,  Hon.  Jcdidiah,  43;  extract  from  his  journal,  185. 

Preble,  Lt.  Col.  John,  accompanies  Allan  in  the  expedition  to  the  St.  John, 
93;  account  of  Inm,  ibid,  note;  mentioned,  94,  99,  102, 108, 113,  110, 
118, 135, 130,  143,  140, 147, 187, 194,  303,  379 ;  appointed  Lieut.  Col. 
in  the  expedition,  185 ;  recommended,  312,  218  ;  his  report  to  Col. 
Allan,  303. 

Privateer  Congress,  153. 


Index. 


888 


Privateer  Miichlas  Liberty,  CRricn  master,  40,  48,134;  curious  bill  pre- 
sented for  expenseH  of  n  priviitceriniin's  fiuicral,  41) ;  privntccr  Miiru- 
sheet,  124.  Hee  Miirachect.  Other  privateerH  mentioned,  lU/i,  140, 
141, 147,  148,200;  cruel  and  infamoua  conduct  of  privateersmen,  255. 

Provincidl  Congrciss  of  Massacluisttts  apply  to  Connecticut  in  behalf  of 
the  diHlrcHHcd  settlcrH  in  Eastern  Maine,  41 ;  gives  authority  to  raise 
a  (company  for  the  defense  of  Eastern  Maine,  45 ;  resolve  to  supply 
Machias  with  powder,  46;  commission  two  privateers  at  Machias, 
41);  resolve  to  raise  a  company  at  MachiaH,'50;  letter  to  the  Eastern 
Indians,  51 ;  forbid  molestation  of  the  Penobscot  Indians,  5;J;  report 
of  a  committee  on  granting  suppUcs  to  the  Indians,  50;  action  iu 
relation  to  a  petition  from  the  river  St.  John,  00. 


Q 


UINTON,  Hugh,  03. 


Ui 


uAINBOW,  British  frigate,  Sir  George  Collier,  cruises  on  the  eastern 
coast,  199;  engaged  with  the  Mermaid,  Ambuscade  [rather  the  Blonde, 
227;]  Vulture  and  Hope  in  an  attack  on  Machias,  127,  203,  212; 
repulsed,  12".);  the  British  loss,  212,  220;  British  account  of  the 
attack,  224-228. 

liecd,  David,  of  Boothbay,  42. 

lieid,  Capt.,  138. 

Beynohh,  Nathaniel,  70, 130, 132. 

Beyiiohls,  Samuel,  157, 158. 

J?«^,  Dr.,  141,142,  228. 

Riclumlmn,  Richard,  155. 

Bogers,  Capt.,  249. 

Rogers,  George,  77, 137. 

Bogers,  Sanuiel,  a  reward  offered  by  the  colonial  authorities  for  his  appre- 
hension, 14;  quits  Nova  Scotia,  70;  mentioned,  157. 

Boice,  Zebulon,  07,  77. 

Bowe,  Zebulon,  .Tun.,  77. 

Buall,  John,  45. 


Savage,  Capt.,  154. 

Scott,  Lieut.  Samuel,  of  Machias,  42,  80, 92,  111,  113, 116-118, 135, 157, 159. 
Sewall,  Dummcr,  of  Georgetown,  42. 

Shannon,  James  Noble,  signs  a  petition  iu  behalf  of  the  Indians,  50 ; 
mentioned,  163. 


l-f. 


il 


'ii 


|) 


if  i 
1 


ft  iii  i 


334 


Index. 


11.  i. 


Sharp,  Mather,  77. 

Sharp,  Josepli,  77. 

Sharp,  Robert,  77, 104, 109. 

Sharp,  Mr.,  89. 

Shaw,  Col.  Francis,  13,  50,  57,  59,  60,  71, 104,  100,  110,  125,  155,  150,  159, 
103,  311,  300,  303;  account  of  liim,  101.  mte. 

Shaw,  Col.  Francis  G,  killed  at  Fort  Waguer,  101,  note. 

Shaw,  Robert  Gould,  of  Boston,  ibid. 

She  s,  Samnel,  ibid. 

Shaw,  William,  of  Gould8borough,43. 

Sibh'y,  John,  77, 8b. 

Sibky,  Mr.,  103. 

SieldaU,  Ralph,  320. 

Sinclair,  Nathaniel,  of  Machias,  42. 

Small,  Neheniiah,  149. 

Smith,  Capt.  Stephen,  signs  a  petition  in  behalf  of  the  Indians,  56;  his 
letter  to  th(;  council  of  JIassachusetts,  60 ;  truckmaster  at  Machias,  00, 
86, 130, 133, 154,  374 ;  assists  in  the  defense  of  that  place,  137, 138,  203, 
304,  200;  his  letter  to  the  council,  333 ;  ensign,  158, 159. 

Somcs,V&i:>t.,  of  Cape  Ann,  207,  374. 

St.  John,  river,  colonized  by  the  English,  61 ;  number  of  men  settled  on 
the  river  in  1770, 03  ;  they  mostly  favor  the  cause  of  the  United  States, 
ihid;  patriotic  action  of  the  colonists  there,  02-05;  response  of  the 
Massachusetts  authorities,  00. 

Stanw(M>d,  Sanmel,  42. 

Star,  Capt.,  89, 104, 109,  115. 

St<trr,  John,  a  spy,  his  report  to  Col.  Allan,  361. 

Steel,  John,  57,  110,  II;  S,  159. 

Stevens,  Edmund,  302. 

Steven."*,  John,  43. 

Starart,  John,  77. 

StiUman,  Major  George,  of  Machias,  43,  .30, 130, 133, 145, 103,  197 ;  assists 
in  the  defense  of  that  place,  127,  138,  203,  204,  305,  313,  323  ;  his  high 
character,  218;  his  letter  to  the  council  of  Massachusetts,  221  ;  present 
at  a  conference  with  the  Indians,  374. 

Stone,  Benjamm,  of  Brunswick,  42. 

Stone,  Lewis,  123. 

Studhobn,  JIajor,  a  British  officer  at  St.  Johns,  245,  249, 201,  279. 

SuUivan,  Capt.,  130,  150,  151 ;  brother  of  Gen.  Sullivan,  136,  150,  151 ; 
taken  from  his  bed  by  night,  and  carried  to  New  York,  130,  289. 

y8i(/i/'«/"i' county  in  Nova  Scotia,  03;  the  inhabitants  friendly  to  the  Ameri- 
can cause,  04  ;  authorize  Col.  Allan  i,o  appear  in  their  behalf,  182,  184. 

Swanlon.  Capt.,  94. 


■liiMMMiMilMi    - 


Index. 


335 


Symonds,  or  Simmons,  Mr.,  a  loyalist  and  trader  on  the  St.  John,  93;  note, 

108. 
Symonds,  Charles,  03,  note. 


X  AYLOR,  John,  184. 
TerrUl,  David,  89, 116. 
Thomm,  Nicholas,  76,  89. 
Thornton,  Daniel,  70,  89. 
Throop,  Josiali,  77. 
Tibbets,  Capt.,  150. 
Tracy,  Jonathan,  4.5. 
Tucker,  Joseph,  303. 
Tapper,  Mr.,  145. 
Tui-ner,  Rohert,  42. 


V 


INES,  Richard,  trades  to  Eas*^ern  Maine,  33. 
Vulture,  British  sloop  of  war,  at  St.  Johns,  85,  91, 107, 193, 199 ;  a  skirmish 
with  her  boats,  108;  ongaged  in  the  attack  on  Machias,  199,  313; 
Arnold  escppc:  in  her,  193,  note. 


\VaITE,  Capt.  John,  43. 
Wallace,  Capt.  Noel,  143,154, 103,  391. 
Wallace,  Samuel,  159. 
Wallin,  Joseph,  43. 
Wampum,  its  value  and  use,  90,  note  ;  description  and  purpose  of  a  belt 

sent  to  Congress,  386. 
Wariier,  Brigadi^T,  210,  313. 
Washinytoii ,  Gen.  George,  Allan's  interview  with  him,  13,  311 ;  his  letters 

to  the  Eastern  Indians,  59,  60, 169,  398 ;  an  undesirable  effect  of  one 

letter,  05 ;  his  name  held  in  great  reverence  by  the  Indians,  90, 105, 

105, 170. 
Webb,  159. 
West,  Capt.  Jabez,  80,  93-93,  111,  135,  156,  180,  187 ;  makes  prize  of  a 

British  schooner,  99, 191,  350. 
Wethered,  J.,  320. 
White,  ^\i.,  a  royaUst  on  the  St.  John,  taken  prisoner  by  Col.  Allan,  93,99, 

102, 187, 193. 
White,  James,  93,  note. 
Whitten,  or  Whitter,  Phineas,  42,  45. 


r      *■'■, 


!   i 


:  I 


I'J 


■ 


>; 


Ml  , 


'I  i      I 


-_ti4--_ 


336 


Index. 


WMttier,  Ebcnezer,  43. 

Wing,  Capt.  Joshua,  133, 149,  150,  153, 156. 

Winslow,  Benjamin,  43. 

Windmo,  Isaac,  of  Marslificld,  letter  from  him  to  Col.  Allan,  11 

Wmnen,  abusive  treatment  of,  by  the  British,  190. 

Wood,  John,  of  Georgetown,  43. 


Young,  Mr.,  i56. 

Young,  Stephen,  157. 
Young,  William,  160, 161. 


